2型糖尿病住院患者肾脏疾病发生情况及其危险因素

目的 分析我院2型糖尿病住院患者糖尿病肾脏疾病(DKD)发生率及其危险因素.方法 选取我院2009年1月～2011年12月间住院治疗的2型糖尿病患者1438例进行回顾性分析.根据2007年美国肾脏疾病基金会的糖尿病和慢性肾脏疾病临床诊断治疗指南,将研究对象分为非糖尿病肾脏疾病(NDRD)组、糖尿病肾病(DKD)组,无肾病组(NCKD)组.结果 1438例2型糖尿病患者中男784例,女654例,平均年龄(62.5±9.2)岁,糖尿病肾病患者219例,发生率15.2%,非糖尿病性肾脏疾病245例,发生率为17.0%.DKD组患者糖尿病病程、收缩压、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、血肌酐、24h尿白蛋白量显著高于NDRD组和NCKD组(P<0.05),NDRD组患者收缩压、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、血肌酐、糖化血红蛋白、24h尿白蛋白量显著高于NCKD组.Logistic回归分析显示糖尿病病病程、收缩压、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白水平是糖尿病肾病发病的独立危险因素(P<0.05).结论 2型糖尿病患者会出现肾功能损害,临床治疗应严格控制患者血糖、血脂、胆固醇水平和血压,这有助于延缓糖尿病肾脏病变的发生与发展.     

雷米普利对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏8-OHdG的影响

目的 观察8-羟基脱氧鸟苷在2型糖尿病模型大鼠肾脏的表达及雷米普利(Ramipril)对它的影响.方法 将大鼠分为正常对照组(N)、糖尿病组(D)、雷米普利治疗组(R),比较各组大鼠肾组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性,和8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)含量,同时观察血糖、血胰岛素、肾功能和肾脏形态变化.结果 与正常组比较,糖尿病组肾组织中MDA含量明显上升(P<0.05),SOD活性显著下降(P<0.05),8-OHdG增多(P<0.05),肾功能和肾脏形态受损,而雷米普利治疗组的上述表达较糖尿病组明显改善.结论 8-OHdG在糖尿病肾病中的表达明显增加,而雷米普利可能通过抑制氧化应激反应对2型糖尿病模型大鼠肾脏产生保护作用.     

还原型谷胱甘肽及贝那普利对糖尿病肾病氧化应激的影响

目的 观察还原型谷胱甘肽及贝那普利对Ⅲ期糖尿病肾病(DN)氧化应激的影响.方法 通过对健康者(对照组)、糖尿病者(DM组)、贝那普利治疗组(A组)、还原型谷胱甘肽治疗组(B组)、及联合治疗组(C组),治疗前、治疗3周后检测各组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、晚期蛋白氧化产物(AOPP),尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UEAR),观察还原型谷胱甘肽及贝那普利对氧化应激指标及UEAR的影响.结果 与对照组比较,治疗前DM组、DN组血清MDA、AOPP及UAER均明显升高,SOD均明显降低(P均＜0.05),以DN组变化明显;治疗后DN组血清MDA、AOPP及UAER均明显降低,SOD均明显升高(P均＜0.05).结论 还原型谷胱甘肽及贝那普利均可显著降低Ⅲ期糖尿病肾病患者的血清MDA、AOPP及UAER,提高SOD,具有一定肾脏保护作用.     

前列地尔对2型糖尿病肾病患者氧化应激损伤的影响

目的 探讨前列地尔在2型糖尿病肾病患者氧化应激损伤中的治疗价值.方法 以随机数字表法为分组依据,将2016年1月至2016年12月来源于该院的78例的2型糖尿病肾病患者随机分为行常规西医治疗的对照组与行常规西医联合前列地尔治疗的观察组,每组各39例患者.统计分析两组患者的治疗效果.结果 在氧化应激方面,观察组患者的丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、活性氧(ROS)及8-羟基脱氧鸟嘌呤(8-OHdG)水平的改善情况显著优于对照组(P＜0.05);在免疫功能方面,观察组患者的CD4+、CD8+、早期活化T细胞及总淋巴细胞水平改善情况优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 在2型糖尿病肾病患者氧化应激损伤的治疗中,及时应用前列地尔能够有效改善患者的免疫功能,减少氧化应激对机体的损伤,适合广泛应用于临床治疗中.     

2型糖尿病肾病患者尿足细胞标志蛋白和血管内皮生长因子水平与氧化应激的相关性

目的：探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM ）并发不同程度肾病患者尿足细胞标志蛋白（PCX）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）水平变化,及其与氧化应激的关系。方法186例T2DM患者按照24 h尿清蛋白排泄率（UAER）分为单纯 T2DM 组（SDM 组,62例）、微量组（NA组,60例）、大量组（MA组,64例）,另取24 h UAER正常者作对照（NC组,60例）。分别检测PCX、VEGF、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH‐px）和丙二醛（MDA）水平。结果与其他3组比较,MA组VEGF、PCX及MDA水平最高（P＜0．01）,SOD和GSH‐px水平最低（P＜0．01,P＜0．05）。VEGF、UAER、HbA1c是尿PCX的独立危险因素。结论糖尿病肾病患者尿PCX 及血VEGF 与氧化应激相关,氧化应激与足细胞的损伤密切相关。     

厄贝沙坦对糖尿病肾病患者尿8-OHdG及SOD的影响

目的 探讨厄贝沙坦对2型糖尿病肾病(DN)患者氧化损伤的影响.方法 选取24例近期未服用抗氧化药物,且有明显蛋白尿的2型DN患者.厄贝沙坦150 mg/d治疗10周,之后300 mg/d治疗10周.检测厄贝沙坦治疗前后24 h尿蛋白、尿肌酐、尿8-羟基脱氧鸟嘌呤(8-OHdG)、尿超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和血生化水平.10例健康志愿者的尿液标本作为正常对照.结果 与正常对照组比较,DN患者尿8-OHdG水平明显升高(P<0.05),尿SOD明显降低(P<0.01).经厄贝沙坦150 mg/d、300 mg/d各治疗10周后,8-OHdG水平均明显降低(P均<0.05),尿SOD均升高(P<0.05).结论 DN患者氧化损伤明显,厄贝沙坦具有减轻DN患者氧化损伤作用,且无明显副作用.     

丙泊酚对关节置换术病人术后认知功能障碍及早期氧化应激状态的影响

目的:研究丙泊酚对关节置换术病人术后认知功能障碍(POCD)的影响及其与术后早期氧化应激状态的相关性。方法:选取拟行关节置换术病人50例，随机分为观察组和对照组，各25例。对照组病人术中麻醉维持吸入七氟醚，观察组静脉输注丙泊酚。比较2组病人术后6 h简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)评分、POCD发生率、血清氧化应激指标[丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)、白细胞NADPH氧化酶(NOX)活性]水平。结果:观察组病人术后MMSE评分、SOD水平均高于对照组，POCD发生率和血清MDA、8-OHdG、NOX活性均低于对照组(P<0.05～P<0.01)。术后发生POCD病人与非POCD病人麻醉维持药物应用和术后血清SOD、MDA、8-OHdG、NOX活性差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05～P<0.01)。logistic回归分析显示，麻醉维持应用丙泊酚和术后高SOD水平均为关节置换术病人POCD发生的保护因素(P<0.05),术后高水平MDA、8-OHdG、NOX均为POCD发生的危险因素(P<0.05～P<...     

普罗布考对早期老年2型糖尿病肾病的抗氧化作用

目的 评价普罗布考对老年2型糖尿病肾病抗氧化作用的疗效.方法 60例老年早期2型糖尿病肾病患者经伦理学委员会批准,并经患者知情同意分为2组,其中对照组（30例）给予饮食控制、降糖、降压,抗血小板聚集等常规治疗;治疗组（30例）在常规治疗基础上加服普罗布考0.5 g,2次/天,疗程12周;分别观察治疗前后两组患者空腹血糖（FBG）、肾功能、尿微量白蛋白排泄率（UAER）以及血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）参数水平的变化.结果 与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后空腹血糖控制良好,差异均有显著性（P〈0.05）.疗程结束后,与对照组比较,治疗组患者UAER明显下降（P〈0.05）,SOD较治疗前升高,MDA较治疗前明显下降,差异均具有显著性（P〈0.05）.结论 普罗布考改善早期老年糖尿病肾病患者的氧化应激状态,有效降低MDA水平,改善SOD活性,降低尿微量白蛋白,对早期糖尿病肾病具有保护作用.     

氯沙坦对糖尿病大鼠肾脏抗氧化能力的影响

目的研究氯沙坦对糖尿病大鼠肾脏抗氧化能力的影响.方法对链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的糖尿病大鼠给予氯沙坦治疗,测定肾皮质超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)水平及尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER).结果糖尿病组大鼠肾皮质SOD和CAT活性显著低于正常对照组(P＜0.05),而MDA含量显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.05);治疗组肾皮质SOD、CAT活性显著高于糖尿病组(P＜0.05),MDA含量显著低于糖尿病组(P＜0.05);糖尿病组UAER显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.05),治疗组UAER显著低于糖尿病组(P＜0.05).结论氯沙坦可增强糖尿病大鼠肾脏抗氧化能力,减轻氧化应激,从而减少蛋白尿和肾脏损害,这可能是氯沙坦保护糖尿病肾脏的机制之一.     

糖尿病肾病患者ACR与血清氧化应激、血管新生指标以及外周血T细胞含量的关系

目的:研究糖尿病肾病患者微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值(ACR)与血清氧化应激、血管新生指标以及外周血T细胞含量的相关性。方法:选择2型糖尿病患者进行回顾性分析,筛选ACR<3mg/mmol、3~30mg/mmol、>30mg/mmol的患者分别作为研究的DM1组、DM2组、DM3组;另取健康志愿者作为对照组。采集血清并测定氧化应激指标、血管新生指标,采集外周血并测定T细胞含量。结果:DM1组、DM2组、DM3组患者血清中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT的含量以及外周血中Th2、Treg的含量均显著低于对照组且ACR越高,血清中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT的含量以及外周血中Th2、Treg的含量均越低;DM1组、DM2组、DM3组患者血清中MDA、8-OHdG、VEGF、Ang1、Ang2的含量以及外周血中Th1、Th17的含量均显著高于对照组且ACR越高,血清中MDA、8-OHdG、VEGF、Ang1、Ang2的含量以及外周血中Th1、Th17的含量均越高。结论:氧化应激反应增强、血管新生增多以及T淋巴细胞紊乱与糖尿病肾病的病情发展密切相关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.