立体定向放射治疗原发性肝癌伴下腔静脉癌栓的疗效评价

目的评价立体定向放疗治疗肝细胞癌伴下腔静脉癌栓的疗效。方法在66例肝细胞癌伴下腔静脉癌栓患者中,36例接受立体定向放射治疗,30例未接受放射治疗。结果 36例接受伽玛刀治疗的癌栓患者,12例（33.3%）癌栓完全缓解,10例（27.8%）部分缓解,13例（36.1%）稳定,1例（2.8%）进展。癌栓治疗有效率为61.1%,1年生存率为27.8%,中位生存期为9.8个月;未放疗的30例患者1年生存率为11.5%,中位生存期为3.5个月。多因素分析显示,放疗组病人生存情况与肝内病灶单多发有关。Child-Pugh分级是影响预后的主要因素。结论立体定向放射治疗可明显延长肝细胞癌伴有下腔静脉癌栓患者的生存期。     

立体定向适形放射治疗原发性肝癌的疗效分析

立体定向适形放射治疗(3Ｄ:ＣＲＴ,亦称光子刀)是治疗原发性肝癌的新方法。我院从1998年7月开展了此项治疗,现报告如下。材料和方法一、病例选择73例为住院患者,均符合原发性肝癌的诊断标准,无手术指征。①ＴＡＥ ＰＥＩ治疗组39例,男36例,女3例,年龄为34～70岁,平均51.8岁;肝功能ＣｈｉｌｄＡ级17例、Ｂ级17例、Ｃ级5例;肿瘤最大径为3.1～16.2ｃｍ(9.82±2.99)。②3Ｄ:ＣＲＴ治疗组34例,男30例,女4例,年龄为22～78岁,平均48.7岁;肝功能ＣｈｉｌｄＡ级22例、Ｂ级11例、Ｃ级1例;肿瘤最大径为2.3～14.9ｃｍ(6.83±0.59)。两组具有可比性(各指…     

立体定向放射治疗原发性肝癌的疗效分析

目的分析立体定向放射治疗原发性肝癌的疗效。方法采用γ射线立体定向放射治疗266例原发性肝癌患者,PTV周边照射总剂量为3200～4600eGy,分割处方剂量为300～600cGy,1次／日,6次,周,7～10次完成治疗。结果总有效率（CR＋PR）为79％,无变化（SD）18％,进展（PD）3％。1年、2年、3年生存率分别为71．2％、40．3％、22．8％。本组治疗无放射诱发的肝病（RILD）发生,主要反应为上腹部不适,食欲下降。结论立体定向放射治疗原发性肝癌是一种疗效确切、副作用较小的临床治疗方法。     

原发性肝癌并发门静脉癌栓的立体定向放射治疗

原发性肝癌易侵犯门静脉形成门静脉癌栓（PVTT）,引起肝内转移,加重门静脉高压,食道静脉曲张破裂大出血,导致临床治疗困难和治疗后复发.为探讨肝癌伴PVTT的立体定向放射治疗（SRT）,2002年6月至2004年6月对86例肝癌伴PVTT无手术指征的患者进行SRT临床治疗,报道如下.     

原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓临床分析

原发性肝癌 (ＰＨＣ)伴门静脉癌栓 (ＰＶＴＴ)临床分期为Ⅲ期[1] ,预后差。近几年由于肝癌的诊治进展 ,临床生存期得到延长 ,探索ＰＶＴＴ的临床和病理特点及其诊治方法倍受关注。本文对ＰＨＣ伴ＰＶＴＴ 35例进行临床分析。1　资料与方法1.1　临床资料　收集 1996年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 11月我院住院的临床资料完整的ＰＨＣ 110例。全部病例符合 1999年第四届全国肝癌学术会议修订诊断标准[1] 。其中并发ＰＶＴＴ 35例 (占 31 8% ) ,男 31例 ,女 4例 ,年龄 31～ 73岁 ,平均 4 8.8岁。ＰＶＴＴ部位 :门静脉左支癌栓 7例 ,右支癌栓 5例 ,左右支…     

原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓治疗进展

原发性肝癌伴有门脉癌栓者因易发生肝内及远处转移,被认为是预后差的主要指标之一。近年来,随着对门脉癌栓发生机制研究的不断深入,诊断技术和手术治疗理念也取得了一定的进步。新药物的出现使晚期肝癌的生存期得到一定程度的延长。利用各种治疗手段对肝癌伴门静脉癌栓患者进行综合治疗是目前肝癌治疗的趋势。     

巨大原发性肝癌立体定向放射治疗计划设计

目的探讨巨大原发性肝癌γ射线立体定向放射治疗计划的设计。方法采用γ射线立体定向放射治疗37例巨大原发性肝癌患者,计划靶区体积（vptv）≥300cm^3,PTV周边照射总剂量为3200～3900cGy,分割处方剂量为300～350cGy,每日治疗,6次/周。PTV均由50%～55%等剂量线包绕,每一计划需14～22个等中心。靶区剂量均匀指数为1.60～1.72,无正常组织受照剂量超过相应的耐受剂量。结果本组总有效率（CR＋PR）为78.4%（29/37）,无变化（SD）8.1%,进展（PD）13.5%。主要反应为消化道反应,表现为上腹部不适,食欲下降。结论能设计出合格的巨大原发性肝癌的立体定向放射治疗计划,治疗计划所需等中心数多,靶区剂量不均匀。     

介入化疗栓塞结合立体定向放疗治疗伴门脉癌栓肝癌的临床观察

目的分析介入化疗栓塞（TACE）结合γ-体部立体定向放疗（γ-SBRT）治疗伴门脉癌栓的原发性肝癌的临床效果。方法将67例伴门脉癌栓的原发性肝癌患者随机分为两组：治疗组37例给予TACE配合γ-SBRT治疗;对照组30例仅给予γ-SBRT治疗。结果治疗后,治疗组有效率、局部控制率、生存率、AFP改善率及腹胀、腹部不适改善率均优于对照组,肝功能分级恶化率高于对照组,P均〈0.05。结论 TACE结合γ-SBRT是伴门脉癌栓的原发性肝癌较有效的局部治疗方式。     

原发性肝细胞癌体部立体定向放疗的疗效及安全性

近年来,随着肿瘤放疗技术进展,原发性肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)的放疗引起越来越多的关注,越来越多的证据也表明其较好的疗效。其中,体部立体定向放疗(stereotactic body radiation therapy,SBRT)对于不适合一线手术或经皮射频消融技术的HCC患者,在提高局部控制率方面发挥了重要作用。SBRT的研究已经开展了很多,也获得了明确的疗效。但关于恰当治疗适应证,合理剂量分割等方面的研究仍有限。本文综述SBRT对于不可手术的HCC患者的有效性、安全性、适应证和剂量分割模式。     

介入治疗原发性肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓66例的临床分析

目的探讨介入治疗原发性肝癌(hepatic cell carcinoma,HCC)合并门静脉癌栓(portal vein tumor thrombus,PVTT)的临床疗效与安全性。方法收集第三军医大学大坪医院收治的66例HCC患者,按照随机数字表法分为联合治疗组和经导管动脉化疗检塞术(TACE)治疗组。联合治疗组采用TACE联合门静脉化疗(PVC)治疗,TACE治疗组采用单独TACE治疗,比较两组患者的临床疗效。结果治疗半年后联合治疗组治疗的有效率和PVTT缩小率分别为72.73%和78.79%,显著高于TACE治疗组的63.64%和51.52%(P0.05)。联合治疗组患者的中位生存时间及半年、1年、2年生存率均较TACE治疗组高(P0.05)。1个月后联合治疗组的毒副反应发生率为36.36%,显著低于TACE治疗组的81.82%(P0.05)。治疗半年后联合治疗组和TACE治疗组的AFP分别为(425.36±113.32)IU/ml和(725.32±113.32)IU/ml(P0.05)。结论 TACE联合PVC治疗HCC合并PVTT可提高中、晚期HCC患者治疗的有效率,改善患者的生存质量,还可降低抗癌药所产生的毒副反应和AFP水平。     

Hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis: Improved treatment outcomes with external beam radiation therapy

The treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) is very challenging because of HCC's grave prognosis. Despite many efforts to improve the treatment results, patient survival has been limited to several months. In this situation, radiotherapy has been considered as an alternative treatment modality because of the growth of knowledge about the radiotolerance of normal tissue and the advances of radiotherapy techniques such as three dimensional conformal radiotherapy, intensity modulated radiotherapy, stereotactic body radiotherapy and proton therapy. More restoration of the liver function and longer survival of the patients can be achieved by the better response after radiotherapy. However, considering the high risk of intrahepatic advanced tumor or extrahepatic dissemination by PVTT at disease presentation, a combination of radiation therapy and systemic agents will be desirable. Therefore, performing prospective randomized clinical trials is important to assess the benefits of radiotherapy and to develop combination treatment strategies.     

Case reports of portal vein thrombosis and bile duct stenosis after stereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

The aim of this study was to evaluate portal vein and bile duct toxicity after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We retrospectively reviewed 63 patients who were administrated SBRT once for HCC. The prescribed doses were from 48 Gy in four fractions to 60 Gy in eight fractions. Portal vein thrombosis and bile duct stenosis were evaluated. The dose received by 2% of the volume (D₂) of the portal vein and bile duct was calculated. Portal vein thrombosis was observed in three patients (4.8%). Common points of these patients were Child–Pugh class B and D₂ of the portal vein 40 Gy or more (BED₃ ≥200 Gy). Bile duct stenosis was observed in one patient (1.6%). The patient had a history of cholangiocarcinoma and left hepatic lobectomy. Portal vein thrombosis may be necessary to be considered when SBRT for HCC is administrated to patients in higher Child–Pugh class with higher D₂ of the portal vein.     

Transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombosis

Abstract In order to evaluate the possible benefits of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with peripheral portal vein thrombosis, 96 consecutive HCC cases with peripheral portal vein thrombosis were analysed. Of them, 35 cases received TAE and 61 cases did not. Most (77.8%) of the TAE-treated cases showed decreased α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels after treatment, but 57.1% of them suffered another rise in AFP levels and subsequently died. One patient (2.8%) developed progressive jaundice after TAE and died within 1 month, while four of the non-TAE cases died within 1 month after diagnosis. In general, TAE is safe for HCC patients with peripheral portal vein thrombosis. In addition, using Cox's regression model for multivariate survival analysis, serum total bilirubin (≤, > 2 mg/dL; P = 0.0254), AFP (≤ 3155 ng/mL, > 3155 ng/mL; P = 0.0002) and treatments (TAE, non-TAE; P = 0.0059) were found to affect their prognosis. There was significant difference in survival between TAE and non-TAE groups, the 6 month, 1 year and 2 year survival rates were 91.4 versus 62.3%, 51.4 versus 26.2% and 17.1 versus 4.9% ( P = 0.0017). The median survival times of TAE and non-TAE groups were 10.3 versus 3.7 months, respectively. Though TAE only provided palliative treatment, it did prolong survival in HCC patients with peripheral portal vein thrombosis.     

Surgical treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus

The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system recommends a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (sorafenib) as standard therapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). Sorafenib has been shown to prolong median overall survival (OS) by approximately 3 months in advanced HCC patients with PVTT (8.1 vs. 4.9 months). However, its clinical effectiveness is still controversial and standard treatment with sorafenib is not established in Japan. Surgical resection is considered a potentially curative treatment and provides an acceptable outcome for carefully selected patients. The surgical mortality rate in patients with PVTT who receive surgical resection ranges from 0% to 10%. The median survival time and 1-year OS rate in HCC patients with PVTT who undergo surgical resection have been found to range from 8 to 22 months and 21.7% to 69.6%, respectively. But improvement in therapeutic outcome is difficult with surgical treatment alone. Combination treatment in conjunction with such methods as transarterial chemoembolization, hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy, and radiotherapy has been found to improve the prognosis (median survival time, 11.5–37 months; 1-year OS rate, 46.8–100%). Yet, many problems remain, such as surgical indications and surgical techniques. After resolving these points, a multidisciplinary strategy based on surgical treatment should be established for advanced HCC with PVTT.     

肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓的降期治疗

肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓发生率高,病情进展快,现有治疗方法有限且效果不佳。虽然国外指南推荐索拉非尼为唯一治疗手段,但临床研究显示部分患者,尤其是伴癌栓侵犯至门静脉一级或二级分支的患者(程氏分型Ⅰ/Ⅱ型),通过手术切除可以取得比其他非手术疗法更好的效果。然而临床实践中相当一部分患者由于病灶范围较广无法根治性切除,或者由于癌栓侵犯到门静脉主干(程氏Ⅲ型),术后癌栓残留可能性高,需要通过降期切除的方法改善预后。研究发现通过新辅助三维适形放疗、经肝动脉钇-90微球放射性栓塞、肝动脉灌注化疗等姑息性治疗方法,部分患者(5.7%~26.5%)可出现门静脉癌栓消退乃至消失、肿瘤体积缩小、卫星灶消失等现象,从而使病灶降期,提高手术切除率并延长患者生存时间。多学科综合治疗对于进一步提高肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓患者的降期切除率至关重要。