2007—2021年安徽省来安县成人艾滋病抗病毒治疗免疫学效果分析

目的 了解安徽省来安县艾滋病病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染者/艾滋病(acquired immune deficiency syndrome, AIDS)患者(简称HIV/AIDS)抗逆转录病毒治疗(antiretroviral therapy, ART)免疫学效果和影响因素，为成人艾滋病抗病毒治疗提供依据。方法 收集2007—2021年来安县的HIV/AIDS数据，用卡片编号将“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”随访库和抗病毒治疗库进行链接，采用Wilcoxon符号秩检验和多因素logistic回归进行分析。结果 来安县HIV/AIDS治疗后第1年的CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞数较基线增长最多，增长值中位数为94.50(14.00～206.75)个/μl(Z=-6.146,P<0.05);启动ART后1年内免疫学治疗有效率为62.96%;多因素logistic回归分析显示，基线CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞数是免疫学治疗有效的影响因素。结论 2007—2021年来安县艾滋病抗病毒治疗免疫学效果较好，治疗后第1年CD...     

816例初始抗病毒治疗免疫学和病毒学疗效分析

目的 评价我国现行高效联合抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)48周在成人初治HIV/AIDS患者中的免疫学和病毒学疗效.方法 回顾性研究我院初次接受HAART的HIV/AIDS患者816例,分析治疗前后的免疫学和病毒学疗效.结果 816例中男749例(91.8％),女67例(8.2％);年龄19～70岁,平均(32.0±18.8)岁.传播途径以男男同性性行为(681例,83％)为主.在治疗48周后,CD4细胞均值由223个/μl升高至437个/μl,CD4细胞在200个/μ1以下者由39.7％降至12.5％,CD4细胞201～350个/μl者由50.2％降至26.2％,CD4细胞＞350个/μ1者由10.0％增至61.3％.病毒载量平均值由13 490拷贝/ml下降至42拷贝/ml,病毒载量小于50拷贝/ml者占90.9％.结论 现行的艾滋病HAART疗效较好,值得推广.     

长期抗反转录病毒治疗的HIV/AIDS患者的生存状况及影响因素分析

目的 分析长期抗反转录病毒治疗(ART)的HIV/AIDS患者的生存状况及其影响因素。方法 从四川省艾滋病治疗信息管理系统中获取符合条件的病例资料,采用回顾性队列研究,寿命表法估算累积生存率,Kaplan-Meier(K-M)法绘制生存曲线,Cox比例风险回归模型分析生存时间的影响因素。结果 纳入HIV/AIDS患者630例,平均年龄(52.24±13.68)岁。全因死亡221例,平均生存时间139.37(95%CI 133.54～145.21)月。启动ART后第1、3、5、7、10年的累积生存率分别为0.89(95%CI 0.87～0.91)、0.82(95%CI 0.78～0.86)、0.77(95%CI 0.73～0.81)、0.71(95%CI 0.67～0.75)、0.66(95%CI 0.62～0.70)。多因素Cox比例风险回归模型结果显示：女性患者的死亡风险是男性患者的0.57倍(95%CI 0.41～0.79);已婚或同居的患者和离异或分居的患者的死亡风险分别是未婚患者的2.07倍(95%CI 1.36～3.14)、2.50倍(95%CI 1.61～3.88);基线CD4+T淋巴细胞51～200 cells/μl组和>200 cells/μl组患者的死亡风险分别是基线CD4+T淋巴细胞≤50 cells/μl组患者的0.51倍(95%CI 0.36～0.73)和0.40倍(95%CI 0.28～0.56);基线CD8+T淋巴细胞578～1169 cells/μl组患者的死亡风险是基线CD8+T淋巴细胞≤577 cells/μl组患者的0.66倍(95%CI 0.48～0.90);基线病毒载量>1000 copies/ml组患者的死亡风险是基线病毒载量≤1000 copies/ml组的3.20倍(95%CI 2.44～4.20)。结论 影响长期ART的HIV/AIDS患者生存时间的主要因素为性别、婚姻状况、基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数、基线CD8+T淋巴细胞计数、基线病毒载量。尽早启动ART有利于延长生存时间。     

2006—2021年贵港市HIV/AIDS患者抗病毒治疗免疫学失败及影响因素分析

目的：分析2006—2021年贵港市HIV/AIDS患者抗病毒治疗(ART)免疫学失败情况及其影响因素。方法：从“国家免费艾滋病防治信息系统”收集2006—2021年在贵港市接受ART的HIV/AIDS患者数据，通过寿命表法描述总体免疫学失败情况，用多因素COX回归模型分析免疫学失败的影响因素。结果：本研究共纳入HIV/AIDS患者6 903例，其中4 314例(61.28%)出现ART免疫学失败。第1、第5、第10年免疫学失败累积发生率分别为57.9%、67.3%、68.6%。基线CD4⁺T细胞计数在200～350个/μL和>350个/μL(以<200个/μL为参照，HR=1.098,95%CI=1.011～1.192,P=0.027;HR=1.112,95%CI=1.001～1.236,P=0.048)、基线WHO临床分期Ⅲ期(以Ⅰ期为参照，HR=1.156,95%CI=1.058～1.263,P=0.001)、使用AZT+3TC+NVP治疗方案(以TDF+3TC+EFV为参照，HR=1.538,95%CI=1.394～1.696,P<0.0...     

梧州市1999-2013年HIV感染者和AIDS病人死亡情况分析

目的 分析梧州市艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者和艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS)死亡情况.方法 从“艾滋病综合防治信息系统”收集2013年12月31日前现住址为梧州市的HIV/AIDS死亡病例资料进行分析.结果 截至2013年12月31日,梧州市累计报告1 132例HIV/AIDS死亡病例,累计病死率为29.83％(1 132/3 795);其中已参加抗病毒治疗187例(16.52％),未参加过治疗945例(83.48％);死亡病例确认阳性后1年内死亡的占47.00％(532/1 132);历年死亡病例的CD4+T淋巴细胞检测率呈逐年上升趋势(P＜0.001),死亡前最近一次CD4+T淋巴细胞≤200个/μL占69.14％(392/567).结论 晚发现现象严重是导致HIV/AIDS病死率较高的主要原因,做到早发现,早治疗,进一步扩大抗病毒治疗覆盖率,才能有效降低本市的HIV/AIDS病死率.     

抗反转录病毒治疗HIV/AIDS初治患者232例结果分析

目的观察艾滋病（HIV/AIDS）初治患者接受国产药为主的高效抗反转录病毒治疗（HAART）的疗效,为规范抗病毒治疗提供依据.方法对232例初治HIV/AIDS患者提供国产药为主的HAART并进行定期随访,分析随访3年来的临床疗效、毒副反应及耐药情况.结果 232例患者接受HAART后24、36个月HIV-1病毒载量小于50拷贝/mL的百分比分别为94.8%、85.3%.CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数基线均值（160.1±80）个/mL,接受HAART治疗后,患者CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数逐渐增高,对0、3、6、9、12、18、24、30、36个月来所检测到的CD4＋T淋巴计数进行检验P〈0.01.常见的毒副反应是肝功能损害、外周神经炎、外周脂肪分布异常、骨髓造血功能抑制、皮疹.9例患者治疗过程中出现临床耐药.结论 HIV/AIDS初治患者经国产药为主的抗病毒治疗后虽然毒副反应较大,但病毒学及免疫学应答效果好,临床耐药低.     

佳木斯市艾滋病抗病毒治疗患者生存率及影响因素分析

目的 了解佳木斯市艾滋病病毒感染和艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS)抗病毒治疗(HAART)生存率,并分析影响因素。方法 采用回顾性队列研究,通过《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》采集佳木斯市疾病预防控制中心2009年6月至2019年7月收治的HIV/AIDS HAART患者的一般资料,采用寿命表法计算生存率,采用多因素Cox比例风险模型分析生存时间的影响因素。结果 共纳入1986例HIV/AIDS HAART患者,其中死于HIV/AIDS相关疾病48例(占2.42%),HIV/AIDS HAART的1、3、5、10年累积生存率分别为98.44%、97.84%、97.47%、96.29%;多因素Cox比例风险模型分析结果显示,经血感染HIV(HR=3.125)、开始治疗时年龄30～(HR=4.518)、开始治疗时年龄50～(HR=15.897)、有漏服药(HR=5.647)的HIV/AIDS HAART患者死亡的危险较大,高中及以上文化程度(HR=0.264)、基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数350个/μL(HR=0.183)的HIV/AIDS HAART患者死亡的危险较小。结论2009年6月至2019年7月佳木斯市HIV/AIDS HAART患者生存率较高,经血感染、HAART时年龄较大、有漏服药是HIV/AIDS HAART患者生存的危险因素,高中及以上文化程度、基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数350个/μL是HIV/AIDS HAART患者生存的保护因素。     

个案管理模式下人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者和艾滋病患者抗病毒治疗效果分析

目的 分析人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染者个案管理抗病毒治疗(antiretroviral therapy,ART)的病毒学及免疫学效果,为建立精准有效的个体化管理模式提供理论依据。方法 2019年5月—2020年10月在新疆伊犁州第二人民医院招募符合纳入标准的HIV感染者和艾滋病(acquired immune deficiency syndrome,AIDS)患者,根据性别和年龄进行1∶1匹配分为个案管理组(977例)与常规干预组(977例),开展为期18个月的治疗随访。常规干预组进行免费的抗逆转录病毒治疗(antiretroviral therapy,ART)、心理支持、健康教育和实验室检测;个案管理组在常规干预的基础上开展个案管理,包括全面评估HIV感染者和AIDS患者的身体状况,制定“一对一”服务计划,提供持续的医疗、社会及心理支持,定期监测病毒载量、CD4⁺T细胞水平、耐药性及不良反应情况,并及时调整治疗方案。随访结束后,采用logistic回归模型分析HIV感染者个案管理模式的ART效果及影响...     

HIV/AIDS患者初始抗病毒治疗基线特点分析

目的：研究基线时人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)患者的临床特点,为预防和控制艾滋病机会性感染提供依据。方法采集2013年1月至2014年1月在首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院感染中心随访并初次接受艾滋病抗逆转录病毒(ART)治疗的成年HIV/AIDS患者的基线资料并分析其临床特点。结果本研究共纳入1094例HIV/AIDS患者,其中男性1012例,女性82例,以30~44岁者居多,以性传播途径为主,主要临床表现为发热、咳嗽咳痰、乏力、消瘦等,其中呼吸系统机会性感染发生率达53.3%,其次为消化系统机会性感染(28.9%)。肺部感染、PCP、口腔真菌感染、带状疱疹、CMV视网膜炎和淋巴瘤的发生率在CD4<200个/μl组显著高于CD4≥200个/μl组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论艾滋病的临床表现复杂多样,机会性感染以呼吸系统最为常见,CD4细胞水平与机会性感染的发生密切相关。密切观察HIV/AIDS患者的临床症状,定期检测CD4细胞,有利于早期预防和控制机会性感染,提高HIV/AIDS患者的生活质量。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.