肠道菌群与炎症性肠病的研究进展

近年来肠道菌群已成为医学领域的研究热点,其数量庞大、种类繁多、功能复杂,在多种消化系统疾病的发生发展中均具有重要作用.炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是一种病因复杂的慢性非特异性炎症性疾病,肠道菌群在IBD发生发展中的作用备受关注.研究发现,肠道菌群与IBD之间存在着密切又复杂...     

靶向肠道菌群治疗胃肠疾病研究进展

近年来,越来越多的疾病被发现与肠道菌群失调相关,特别是近5年来一些颠覆性的发现使得肠道菌群成为健康、疾病领域的热点问题.作为机体生物过程的重要协调者以及多种疾病发生发展过程中的共同参与者,加之其组成和功能的可塑性,肠道菌群逐渐成为一个极富吸引力的预防和治疗疾病的靶标而引起研究者的高度重视.本文就肠道菌群与肠易激综合征、...     

肠道真菌与消化系统疾病关系研究进展

肠道真菌是肠道菌群的重要组成部分,其结构及数量受年龄、性别、饮食、种族、地域、药物、疾病等因素的影响。肠道真菌参与人体的病理生理过程,与人类健康密不可分。近年来,越来越多的研究开始关注真菌在消化道的定植情况及在相关疾病中的作用,目前发现肠道真菌在炎症性肠病(IBD)、肝炎、抗生素相关性腹泻(AAD)、肿瘤等患者体内的结构和数量较健康人群有所差异,对肠道真菌进一步研究将为相关疾病的诊治提供新的思路。     

炎症性肠病相关肠道菌群失调的机制及治疗的研究进展

炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种慢性反复发作的非特异性肠道炎症性疾病,其发病与多种因素相关。尽管IBD的病因尚不清楚,但肠道菌群被认为是IBD发病机制中的一个重要因素。肠道菌群对肠道免疫系统的发育和激活具有重要作用,而肠道菌群的变化可能诱发或加重IBD,但其中机制尚未完全明确,且研究发现,基于调节肠道菌群的方案对IBD的治疗具有一定的积极作用。本文就目前肠道菌群失调引起IBD的机制及相关治疗的研究进展作一综述。     

肠道菌群与肥胖的关系研究进展

肥胖是一个威胁人类健康的全球性问题,其发病率不断上升,会导致2型糖尿病、冠心病、高血压和癌症等。肥胖的形成机制尚不完全清楚,然而肠道菌群是导致肥胖的原因之一。肠道菌群种类多样、作用复杂,其与肥胖的关系被广泛研究,肠道菌群能通过各种机制促进肥胖的发展。现就近几年对肠道菌群与肥胖的关系及肠道菌群导致肥胖的机制做一综述,并对目前基于肠道菌群为干预靶点进行预防治疗肥胖的进展进行简单的梳理。     

肠道菌群与肝细胞癌关系的研究进展

肠道和肝脏在解剖学和生理学上是相互连接的,并且这种"肠-肝轴"对肝脏病理学产生各种影响.随着对该轴研究的进一步深入,通过改善肠道菌群已成为预防性治疗肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)的一个新前沿.肠道渗漏和营养不良通过多种机制促进肝病的进展和HCC的发展,探讨肠道菌群与HCC之间的关系...     

肠道菌群在抗肿瘤坏死因子-α生物制剂治疗炎症性肠病中的作用

抗肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)生物制剂逐渐改变了炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)的管理及治疗策略,部分患者对其原发无应答或继发失效,基于粪菌移植(fecal microbiota transplantation,FMT)研究发现...     

肠道菌群及其代谢物与溃疡性结肠炎的关系

溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)是一种慢性非特异性结肠和直肠炎性疾病,属于炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)中的一种。病变主要局限于大肠黏膜和黏膜下层,通常涉及直肠和乙状结肠,也可延伸至整个结肠。病程漫长,常反复发作,严重影响患者的生活质量[1]。流行病学调查发现,UC见于任何年龄,但初发以20~30岁多见,男女比例为1.0:1~1.3:1。     

肠道菌群在IBD肠外表现发生中作用的研究进展

炎症性肠病（IBD）是一种病因不明的慢性非特异性炎症性疾病,有相当一部分IBD患者会出现肠外表现（EIMs）。目前,EIMs发生的具体机制尚不完全清楚。普遍认为,EIMs发生相关的因素与IBD相同或相似,是遗传、免疫、环境、感染等因素共同作用的结果。近年来,肠道菌群在EIMs发生机制中的潜在作用备受关注。目前认为,分子拟态、肠黏膜屏障损伤导致肠道微生物移位、肠道微生物代谢产物及衍生因子改变等,均参与EIMs的发生、发展。因此,深入探索肠道菌群在EIMs发生中的具体机制及作用靶点,将为EIMs预防和治疗提供新的思路。     

Role of the intestinal microbiota and fecal transplantation in inflammatory bowel diseases

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the two major types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite intensive study, it is still challenging because the precise etiology and pathogenesis remains unclear. Studies have shown that IBD is associated with changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota, as either a cause or a consequence of abnormal host immune response in genetic susceptible population. Two specific microorganisms (Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Escherichia coli) get more widely studied, but till now no single microorganism has been identified as the only pathogen. Genetic susceptibility data also suggest impaired handling of bacteria as well as an improper immune response to potential pathogens. The microbiota provides new therapeutic methods, and fecal microbiota transplantation may restore the balance of intestinal flora to supplement or optimize the current therapies.     

肠道菌群代谢物与心血管疾病关系的研究进展

心血管疾病作为威胁人类健康的主要疾病越来越引起关注。虽然心血管疾病的治疗体系已经初步完备,但控制相关危险因素后依然存在残余风险,死亡率高。肠道菌群是人体生理和代谢稳态的重要组成部分,特别是其代谢物水平可能与某些疾病联系密切。肠道菌群代谢物可作为心血管疾病预防及治疗的一个全新突破口。本综述旨在探讨肠道菌群代谢物与常见心血管疾病如冠心病、心力衰竭、高血压、心律失常的关系,以期对心血管疾病的预防和治疗提供新的思路。     

肠道菌群失调与心血管疾病及其中医药调控研究进展

心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率正随着人口老龄化及城镇化的推进而呈持续升高之势,严重威胁人类的生命健康安全。心血管疾病的起病及病程进展受多种因素影响,肠道菌群失调作为其中之一吸引了众多目光。肠道菌群是存在于胃肠道内与人体互利共生的微生物群,越来越多的研究表明,肠道菌群与心血管疾病相互影响,二者互为因果,通过调节肠道菌群靶向干预心血管疾病可成为新的治疗思路。现代研究发现中药复方、中药单体及针灸可有效纠正肠道菌群紊乱,上调益生菌数量,恢复肠道屏障功能,减轻炎症反应。基于上述研究,该文总结了肠道菌群及其代谢产物与心血管疾病之间的相互作用,还对部分中医药调控肠道菌群,恢复肠道菌群动态平衡,从肠治心,干预心血管疾病的治疗作用进行了归纳,以期为心血管疾病的防治提供新的思路和可行性方案。     

2型糖尿病与肠道菌群关系的研究进展

糖尿病是全球最大的健康问题之一,有较高的残疾率和死亡率,致使国家的医疗成本增加,患者的经济负担加重.在过去的十年中,许多研究表明肠道菌群的改变与包括糖尿病在内的多种全身性疾病之间存在关联.众所周知,生活方式、脂肪和高糖食物摄入的增加以及宿主基因等因素都可能导致2型糖尿病(T2DM).最近的一些研究表明,肠道菌群组成的变...     

高尿酸血症与肠道菌群的相关性

最新研究数据表明,我国人群中高尿酸血症患病率已高达13%,且有不断上升及年轻化趋势。尿酸是人体嘌呤代谢的终产物,嘌呤是核酸的氧化分解代谢产物。体内产生的嘌呤在肝脏中再次氧化为(2,6,8-三氧嘌呤),即尿酸,其中2/3尿酸经肾脏随尿液排出体外,1/3通过粪便和汗液排出。近年大量研究表明,肠道菌群的变化与高尿酸血症乃至痛风的发病密切相关,本文就高尿酸血症的发生与肠道菌群的相互关系,及目前研究进展进行综述,进一步探讨尿酸在肠道的代谢机制,旨在为降低血尿酸及治疗尿酸相关疾病提供新的思路。     

Clinical study of the relationship between inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal neoplasms

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence of colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and its risk factors. METHODS: Data on 513 patients in the last 10 years from Ruijin Hospital were collected. Their medical histories were put in database and analyzed including their socio‐demographic features, pathogenetic conditions, diagnostic methods, possible related risk factors, treatment and outcome. RESULTS: Among the 513 were 242 with ulcerative colitis (UC), among whom four patients developed cancers and four had precancerous lesions. None of the 271 CD patients developed cancer. The incidence of both cancer and precancerosis in the UC patients was 1.65%. Through multifactorial logistic regression analysis, loss of weight, other disease complications and frequent relapses were proved to be the most probable risk factors. CONCLUSION: The incidence of IBD has kept on rising in recent years. Clinically, UC patients have more probability of developing colorectal cancer than CD patients. The main risk factors of developing colorectal cancer in UC patients are frequent relapses, weight loss and other complications.     

A survey on the developmental intestinal microbiota research in China: The history,funding, and frontiers of gut bacteria

Up to 100 trillion bacteria are harbored in the human intestine with a mutualistic and interdependent relationship with the host during a long period of co‐evolution. The so‐called intestinal microbiota (IM) fulfill important metabolic tasks and the impaired stability may lead to IM‐related diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer (CRC), metabolic syndrome (MS), liver diseases, and so on. Here, we review the past and development of IM research in China, including the achievements that Chinese researchers have made both in basic and clinical scientific field. Moreover, we evaluate the contributions of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the 973 National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program), the 863 National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program), and funds from the public health industry in the field of IM research.     

T cell specificity and cross reactivity towards enterobacteria, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and antigens from resident intestinal flora in humans

BACKGROUND: T cell responses to normal intestinal bacteria or their products may be important in the immunopathogenesis of chronic enterocolitis. AIMS: To investigate the T cell specificity and cross reactivity towards intestinal bacteria. PATIENTS/METHODS: T cell clones were isolated with phytohaemagglutinin from peripheral blood and biopsy specimens of inflamed and non-inflamed colon from five patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and two controls. T cell clones were restimulated with anaerobic Bacteroides and Bifidobacteria species, enterobacteria, and direct isolates of aerobic intestinal flora. T cell phenotype was analysed by single-cell immunocyte assay. RESULTS: Analysis of 96 T cell clones isolated from peripheral blood and biopsy specimens from two patients with IBD showed that both Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides species specifically stimulate proliferation of CD4+TCRalphabeta+ T cell clones from both sites and that cross reactivity exists between these anaerobic bacteria and different enterobacteria. Analysis of 210 T cell clones isolated from three patients with IBD and two controls showed that indigenous aerobic flora specifically stimulate T cell clones from peripheral blood and biopsy specimens from a foreign subject. Some of these flora specific T cell clones were cross reactive with defined enterobacteria. In addition, T cell clones stimulated by their own indigenous aerobic flora were identified in patients with IBD. CONCLUSION: Immune responses to antigens from the intestinal microflora involve a complex network of T cell specificities.     

肠道菌群代谢产物与心肌纤维化关系的研究进展

心肌纤维化(MF)以细胞外基质积聚、成纤维细胞活化、转化为肌成纤维细胞为特征,是心脏损伤后心脏重构的特征之一,MF包括两种基本类型:反应性纤维化和修复性纤维化,在心室重构的过程中,两种纤维化常合并存在,MF可导致充血性心力衰竭、恶性心律失常和猝死,成为心室重构持续发展和难以逆转的重要原因.一些研究表明,肠道菌群代谢产物...