老年男性性激素水平与骨密度的相关性

目的 探讨老年男性血清性激素水平随年龄的变化及其与骨密度(BMD)的关系.方法 检测175例老年男性血清雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)、黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平.采用双能X线对股骨及腰椎(L1 ～L4)的BMD进行分析.分析老年男性BMD与血清性激素以及年龄与BMD的相关性.结果 175例受检者中股骨颈、大转子、股骨干、L1～L4 BMD随年龄增长而下降,年龄80 ～90岁组与年龄70～79岁组、60～69岁组比较,BMD含量明显降低(P＜0.05);175例老年男性者中骨量正常者42例,骨量减少者65例,骨质疏松(0P)者68例.OP者血清T、E2、LH、FSH水平与骨量正常者比较差异显著(P＜0.05);骨量降低者血清E2、LH水平与骨量正常者比较差异显著(P＜0.05).结论 由于增龄性激素不足引致骨丢失,可能是老年男性OP的主要原因,其血清T、E2水平可作为OP的独立观察指标.     

兰州市部分中老年人群骨质疏松初筛结果分析

目的探讨兰州市区部分中老年人骨质疏松的患病情况,为中老年人骨质疏松症的防治提供依据。方法采用美国Hologic公司DELPHI型双能X线骨密度仪(DEXA)对兰州市997名健康体检者行正位腰椎BMD测量,以性别和每5岁为1个年龄段对测量结果进行分层统计学分析。结果从45岁开始,BMD值和T值随着年龄的增大逐渐降低,女性降低幅度明显高于男性(P<0.05)。女性在55岁以后骨量丢失加速,骨量减少和骨质疏松者在45～49岁女性中占16.7%,50～54岁占39.1%,55～59岁占51.6%,60～64岁占63.5%,65～69岁占71.1%,70岁以上者占81.7%。男性BMD值和T值逐渐降低、骨量减少和骨质疏松在45～49岁男性占13.3%,50～54岁占28.1%,55～59岁占38.5%,60～64岁占38.3%,65～69岁占45.4%,70岁以上占55.6%。BMD值和T值与年龄呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论兰州市区部分中老年人群BMD随年龄增长逐渐降低,骨质疏松发病率明显增加。     

50岁以上男性不同部位骨密度变化特征及骨质疏松检出率

目的探讨50岁以上男性骨密度(BMD)的变化特征及骨质疏松检出率。方法回顾性分析解放军总医院年度查体50岁以上男性的一般资料及用双能X线吸收法测定的BMD,根据年龄和WHO骨质疏松症诊断标准将受试者分组,比较组间BMD特点、不同测量部位骨质疏松及低骨量检出率。结果全髋及股骨颈BMD随增龄而逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);线性相关分析显示全髋及股骨颈BMD与年龄呈负相关(r=-0.36,r=-0.30;P0.05),腰椎BMD与年龄呈正相关(r=0.14,P0.05)。该人群骨质疏松总检出率为10.08%,低骨量检出率为43.21%;骨质疏松及低骨量检出率均随增龄而增加(P0.01);股骨颈部位骨质疏松及低骨量检出率与总检出率的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。单侧股骨颈部位骨质疏松、低骨量检出率低于股骨颈部位总检出率。70岁以上者骨质疏松及低骨量检出率显著高于70岁以下者(14.88%比1.99%;47.75%比35.56%,P0.01)。结论 50岁以上男性全髋及股骨颈BMD随增龄而下降。骨质疏松及低骨量检出率随增龄而增加。股骨颈部位骨质疏松及低骨量检出率与总检出率接近,测量双侧股骨颈BMD有助于提高骨质疏松检出率。     

老年女性骨质疏松症发生率观察

目的对比女性60岁前后骨质疏松发生率，观察老年女性骨质疏松症的发生情况。方法将5429名体检女性分为：年龄〈60岁组（老年前期组）和≥60岁组（老年组）。检测骨密度，比较两组间骨质疏松发生率。结果老年前期组骨量减少发生率2.5％，骨质疏松发生率9．9％，老年组骨量减少发生率37．7％，骨质疏松发生率65．2％，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论老年女性应定期监测骨密度，预防并及时治疗骨质疏松症。     

老年女性类风湿关节炎合并骨质疏松症的相关因素分析

目的探讨老年女性类风湿关节炎(RA)合并骨质疏松症(OP)的相关因素。方法选择老年女性RA患者54例(RA组)、老年女性膝骨关节炎(KOA)患者78例(KOA组);检测两组骨密度(BMD)及RA组血生化指标、疾病活动度相关指标、骨代谢指标、双手及腕数值化X线等临床资料。结果①KOA组BMD高于RA组,RA组OP发生率高于KOA组(P均<0.01)。②RA组OP患者的绝经时间长于骨量减少者,骨量减少者长于骨量正常者(P均<0.01)。③RA组OP患者的HDL-C低于骨量减少者,骨量减少者低于骨量正常者(P<0.01或<0.05);OP患者的LDL-C高于骨量减少者(P<0.01)。④RA组OP患者的骨钙素、β胶原特殊序列高于骨量减少者,骨量减少者高于骨量正常者(P均<0.05)。结论老年女性RA患者比KOA患者易伴发OP,其伴发OP患者绝经时间长,HDL-C升高可改善其BMD,伴发的OP有高转换型骨代谢特点。     

济南地区绝经妇女绝经年限与腰椎骨密度的关系

目的探讨济南地区妇女绝经年限与腰椎骨密度(BMD)的关系。方法采用东芝Aquilion四层螺旋CT及所配骨密度软件对525例符合条件的健康志愿者进行L1和L3椎体松质骨BMD检测。结果峰值骨量过后,BMD随年龄增加而逐渐降低(P均<0.01),女性45岁年龄段进入骨量减少期。女性绝经1年后骨量快速流失:1～5年期间平均年流失率6.63%,6～10年4.09%,11～15年3.07%,16～20年2.76%,21～25年2.36%,26～30年2.07%。结论 BMD随绝经年限增加而逐渐降低,呈线性关系。腰椎松质骨BMD可为骨质疏松症临床早期诊断、骨折危险性预测提供客观依据。     

长春地区正常人股骨颈骨密度测量(附436例QCT测量分析)

目的 了解正常人股骨颈骨密度变化。方法 采用QCT法测量436例正常人股骨颈骨密度值，按5岁一个年龄组统计学分析。结果 男、女股骨颈峰值均在20-24岁年龄组，男性峰值高于女性；25-45岁之间各年龄组BMD值女性高于同年龄组男性，而45岁之后女性低于男性。但统计学处理除55-59，60-64岁以外二者均无差别。男性骨丢失较平缓而女性45-59岁各年龄组骨丢失加速。结论 正常人各年龄组股骨颈骨密度正常数据及变化为骨质疏松研究积累资料。     

前臂骨骨密度测定诊断骨质疏松标准的研究

目的探讨女性前臂骨骨量的年龄分布规律,为建立周围骨骨密度的骨质疏松诊断标准积累数据。方法采用美国NORLAND-Stratec周围型双能X线骨矿测量仪(pDXA)测量了452名20～79岁女性健康志愿者非优势侧前臂远端桡骨和尺骨(distal radius+ulna)、近端桡骨和尺骨(proximal radius+ulna)以及近端桡骨(proximal radius)的BMD值,以问卷调查方法收集研究对象的一般情况,分析前臂骨不同测量部位BMD变化的年龄分布规律。结果前臂骨不同测量部位的BMD数据均符合正态分布规律。健康女性峰值骨密度出现在40～44岁年龄段,此后随年龄增加而下降,在50～59岁和70岁以上年龄段出现快速骨丢失,尤其是前臂远端骨丢失速率较快,55～59岁年龄段女性骨累积丢失率达25%,与DXA测定中轴骨的骨量丢失规律一致。前臂远端桡+尺骨的骨质疏松(OP)检出率较高,是围绝经期妇女OP检出的敏感部位。50～54岁年龄段女性低骨量发生率为57.6%,骨质疏松的发生率为25.8%(以低于PBM-2.0s为诊断标准)和12.1%(以低于PBM-2.5s为诊断标准);55～59岁年龄段女性低骨量发生率上升至80.9%,骨质疏松的发生率上升至50.0%和30.9%。60岁以后,低骨量和骨质疏松发生率的增加速度趋缓,但70岁以后低骨量和骨质疏松的发生率再次上升。结论前臂骨骼BMD测定可以作为骨质疏松高危人群筛查的有效工具。将前臂远端桡+尺骨为BMD主要检测部位,以低于PBM-2.0s为骨质疏松诊断标准,是筛查骨质疏松人群和评估干预措施较适宜的标准。     

上海市闵行地区老年人骨密度水平及骨质疏松患病情况

目的了解上海市闵行地区老年人随年龄增加骨健康状况,骨量减少症(OPA)和骨质疏松(OP)患病率。方法用美国GE双能X射线骨密度仪Lunar DPX测量360例(年龄60~94岁)第1-4腰椎正位骨密度(BMD),以性别、年龄分组进行分析。结果老年人OP总患病率为26.9%,OPA为47.2%。老年男性OP患病率为23.7%,老年女性OP患病率(30.8%),明显高于男性(P0.01)。结论闵行地区老年人BMD随年龄增加,椎骨BMD逐渐下降。OP发病率随年龄增加而升,且同龄组女性患病率高于男性。加强BMD检测对及早发现BMD变化及OP诊断有重要作用,同时加强对OP健康教育对提高居民对OP认知度,防治OP并发症的发生。     

2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与骨密度的相关性分析

目的探讨住院2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者不同性别骨量减少(包括骨质疏松与低骨量)相关影响因素及其与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块之间的关系。方法回顾性分析720例T2DM患者的临床资料,将入选对象分为男性组和女性组,每组再分为骨量正常组和骨量减少组,颈动脉有斑块组和颈动脉无斑块组。结果在男性骨量减少组(77例)中,存在粥样斑块68例(88.31%),与骨量正常组(164例)比较,骨量减少组粥样斑块的发生率明显升高(P0.05);斑块形成组骨密度(BMD)明显减低(P0.05)。在女性骨量减少组(255例)中,存在粥样斑块191例(74.90%),与骨量正常组(224例)比较,骨量减少组粥样斑块的发生率明显升高(P0.05);斑块形成组骨密度明显减低(P0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示,男性骨量减少的影响因素有年龄(OR=1.059,P=0.002),体质指数(BMI)(OR=0.853,P=0.004),空腹血糖(FBG)(OR=1.138,P=0.044),有无颈动脉斑块(OR=2.514,P=0.035)。女性骨量减少的影响因素有年龄(OR=1.117,P=0.000),绝经年龄(OR=0.946,P=0.031),BMI(OR=0.910,P=0.003)。结论 T2DM患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与骨量减少密切相关。女性患者由于增龄等共同危险因素的存在,二者常相伴发生,然而在男性患者中,颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成是骨质疏松的危险因素,因此,颈动脉硬化的发展常伴有骨量变化,易发生骨质疏松。     

中老年男性血脂水平与腰椎骨密度的相关性研究

目的 探讨中老年男性血脂水平与腰椎骨密度（BMD）的关系.方法 根据BMD将232名中老年男性分为3组：骨量正常组、骨量减少组和骨质疏松组.单因素方差分析比较3组间血脂谱的差异,对其BMD和胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、有氧运动等变量之间的关系进行有序Logistic回归分析.结果 骨质疏松组TC和LDL-C显著高于骨量正常组（P＜0.05）.有序Logistic回归分析发现,影响BMD情况的独立因素有TC和有氧运动,其中前者为危险因素,后者为保护因素.结论 血脂异常促进骨质疏松的发展,而有氧运动能减缓骨量丢失.预防中老年男性骨质疏松应采用综合干预的方法.     

男性HIV相关脂肪营养不良综合征患者骨矿含量DXA测量结果浅析

目的分析HIV相关脂肪营养不良综合征患者的骨矿量(BMC)及骨密度(BMD)变化特点。方法 2002年1月至2009年12月在北京协和医院接受抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)治疗并行双能X线骨密度测量(DXA)检查的成年男性HIV/AIDS患者41例,年龄20～71岁,平均年龄(43±11)岁。根据患者主诉和医师评估结果,将上述患者分为脂肪营养不良(LD)组与非LD组,分析2组患者骨矿量及骨密度的差异。结果 41例HIV/AIDS患者中,经调整年龄、身高、体重,BMC与脂肪量(FM)间呈正向线性回归关系;LD组患者全身和局部骨BMC均低于非LD组患者,2组患者腰椎BMC差异有统计学意义(P=0.038);LD组患者腰椎和右髋部BMD均低于非LD组患者,2组患者腰椎BMD差异有统计学意义(P=0.028)。结论 DXA对评估HIV-LD患者的骨矿量变化有重要意义,可为骨质疏松的综合预防提供客观依据。     

Definition of a population‐specific dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry reference standard in Isfahani women

Objective: There are some clues that correct interpretation of bone mineral density (BMD) when measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) which requires a population specific reference range. We determined reference values of BMD and the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in postmenopausal Isfahani women. Methods: In this cross‐sectional study, 1118 healthy women from Isfahan, aged between 20 and 80 years were recruited door‐to‐door for research. BMD was measured at the anteroposterior lumbar spine (L2–L4) (AP) and femoral neck (FN) with the Lunar DPX‐IQ densitometer. Peak bone mass (PBM), reference curves of BMD, prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia were determined according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Results: In Isfahani women osteoporosis and osteopenia of the AP lumbar spine exists at BMD < 0.898 g/cm² and between 1.078 g/cm² and 0.898 g/cm², respectively. At the FN a BMD < 0.676 g/cm² defines osteoporosis whereas osteopenia is defined as a BMD between 0.841 g/cm² and 0.676 g/cm². The prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia at the AP lumbar spine in the age groups 51–55, 56–60, 61–65, 66–70, > 70 years were, 7.9%, 19.6%, 26%, 32.1%, 31.8%, and 28.9%, 36.5%, 38.4%, 41.1%, 45.5%, respectively. The prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia at the FN in the same age groups, were, 2.6%, 2%, 12.3%, 14.3%, 22.7% and 28.3%, 39.9%, 43.8%, 50%, 68.2%, respectively. Conclusions: Our data would use a population‐specific reference range for DXA measurements and to estimate the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis.     

Relation of bone mineral density to frequency of coronary heart disease

Coronary angiography was performed because of chest pain in 198 patients (146 women, 52 men; mean age 66 years) who had dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans of the spine and left hip because of suspected osteoporosis or osteopenia. Of the 198 patients, 53 (27%) had osteoporosis, 79 (40%) had osteopenia, and 66 (33%) had normal bone mineral density (BMD). Obstructive coronary artery disease with >50% narrowing of > or =1 major coronary artery was present in 40 of 53 patients (76%) with osteoporosis, in 54 of 79 patients (68%) with osteopenia, and in 31 of 66 patients (47%) with normal BMD (p <0.005 comparing osteoporosis with normal BMD, p <0.01 comparing osteopenia with normal BMD). In conclusion, in patients who undergo coronary angiography because of chest pain, patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia have a higher prevalence of obstructive coronary artery disease than those with normal BMD.     

类风湿关节炎患者骨质疏松及其相关因素的初步调查

目的探讨类风湿关节炎（RA）患者中骨质疏松（OP）的发生情况及其相关危险因素。方法采用GEInsight／Achillesexpress高频率声波（超声波）检测右跟骨的骨质状态,测量90例RA患者和80名年龄、性别基本匹配的健康志愿者的跟骨骨密度（BMD）,按WHO确定的诊断标准将RA患者和正常受试者各分为3组,即骨量正常、骨量减少和骨质疏松组。采用问卷形式调查患者的性别、年龄、体重、身高、吸烟史、钙剂摄人、骨折家族史、RA病程及糖皮质激素应用等因素,分析其与OP的相关风险。结果RA患者骨量正常、骨量减少和骨质疏松组的构成比与对照组相比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。提示RA患者中发生OP的概率较对照组发生更大。在年龄、性别无明显差异的情况下,RA病程、吸烟、激素、骨折家族史是增加OP的危险因素。多因素Logistic分析得到的回归模型：RA伴发骨质疏松=-0．530＋0．164X病程＋3．304X吸烟＋1．783X骨折家族史。结论RA患者较健康志愿者更易发生骨量减少和骨质疏松。RA患者BMD的降低和OP的发生是多因素的,其中RA病程是RA患者发生OP的独立危险因素,早期诊断与治疗对预防RA患者发生OP具有重要意义。     

维生素D受体基因和雌激素受体基因多态性与老年人低骨量的关系

目的探讨维生素D受体基因(VDR)和雌激素受体基因(ESR1)多态性与老年男性、女性低骨量的关系。方法 378名老年男性[平均年龄(61.1±7.0)岁,其中260名健康男性、110例骨量减少和8例骨质疏松患者]和334名绝经后妇女[平均年龄(58.4±6.3)岁,其中148名健康女性、153例骨量减少和33例骨质疏松患者]共712人,均为居住在上海30年以上汉族人。用双能X线测量仪检测上述受试者左侧股骨颈骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)。按照股骨颈BMD低于同性别正常峰值BMD的-1～-2.5和-2.5标准差为标准诊断骨量减少和骨质疏松,排除继发性低骨量。检测VDR基因FokⅠ、ApaⅠ、CDX 2位点ESR 1基因的PvuⅡ和XbaⅠ位点单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)。结果 378名老年男性中,FokⅠ的基因型频率为FF(28.0%)、Ff(50.0%)和ff(22.0%),ApaⅠ的基因型频率为AA(9.5%)、Aa(43.4%)和aa(47.1%);CDX 2的基因型频率为AA(22.2%)、AG(45.8%)和GG(32.0%);PvuⅡ的基因型频率为PP(14.1%)、Pp(46.0%)和pp(39.9%);XbaⅠ的基因型频率为XX(5.0%)、Xx(36.8%)和xx(58.2%)。334名老年女性中,FokⅠ的基因型频率为FF(25.7%)、Ff(55.1%)和ff(19.2%),ApaⅠ的基因型频率为AA(10.2%)、Aa(44.0%)和aa(45.8%);CDX 2的基因型频率为AA(22.8%)、AG(47.9%)和GG(29.3%);PvuⅡ的基因型频率为PP(9.9%)、Pp(45.2%)和pp(44.9%);XbaⅠ的基因型频率为XX(2.1%)、Xx(36.8%)和xx(61.1%)。等位基因频率分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg定律。老年男性和女性的骨质疏松组、骨量减少组和骨量正常组之间上述基因SNP频率分布未见差异(P均0.05)。结论 VDR的FokⅠ、ApaⅠ及CDX 2位点和ESR 1的PvuⅡ及XbaⅠ位点多态性可能不是纳入本研究汉族老年男性和女性低骨量的风险因子,尚需更大样本量的实验予以证实。     

Risk factors for low bone density in Crohn's disease

Osteopenia and osteoporosis are prevalent in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). We conducted a cross-sectional study on consecutive patients with CD to assess the prevalence and factors associated with low bone mass density (BMD).One hundred sixty-eight patients with CD were evaluated. Baseline demographics, medical and surgical history, calcium intake, physical activity, steroid use, Harvey Bradshaw Index, blood and urine tests, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were obtained. Sixty-seven (40%) and seventy-five (45%) patients had osteopenia of the femur and spine, respectively. Ten to 11% of patients had osteoporosis. Of the 40 patients who never used steroids, 19 (48%) had osteopenia of the femur and 12 (30%) of the spine. Significant associations were found between BMD and age, body mass index, and serum magnesium. Lifetime steroid use was a weaker predictor of bone loss. Duration of disease did not correlate with BMD when adjusted for age. At follow-up at a mean of 2 years, BMD declined in the femur but not the spine. However, those with ongoing steroid use had lower spine BMD. A significant number of patients with CD have osteopenia. Age was the most important predictor of bone loss. Significant proportion of steroid naive patients had osteopenia, which implies that mechanisms other than steroid use are also involved in bone loss in CD. Disease activity, systemic inflammation, and hormonal and genetic factors may all be important determinants of bone loss in CD.     

贵阳市城区成年人骨质疏松症现状调查

目的 了解贵阳市健康成年人骨质疏松现状,指导骨质疏松症的防治.方法 应用美国LU-NAR Prodigy双能X线骨密度仪(DXA),测量1 217名20～75岁贵阳市城区居民腰椎正位(L<,1-4>、L<,2-4>)及股骨颈骨密度,同时采用问卷调查的方式了解受试者生活习惯及其对骨质疏松症的认知程度.结果 (1)贵阳市城...     

Low bone mineral density and the severity of cholestasis in biliary atresia

AIM To investigate the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in postoperative biliary atresia(BA) children and the association of bone mineral density(BMD) and biochemical parameters in post Kasai BA subjects. METHODS A total of 70 patients with post Kasai BA were enrolled in this prospective study. The patients were classified into two groups according to their jaundice status. BMD of the lumbar spine was analyzed using dual energyX-ray absorptiometry.RESULTS The prevalence of low bone mass(osteopenia and osteoporosis) in BA patients were 51.4%(36 out of 70). Ten patients(35.7%) in the jaundice group and 8 patients(19.0%) in the non-jaundice group had osteopenia. Sixteen patients(57.1%) in the jaundice group and 2 patients(4.8%) in the no jaundice group had osteoporosis. In addition, lumbar spine BMD Z-score was substantially lower in the jaundice BA patients compared with non-jaundice patients. BA subjects with persistent jaundice had significantly lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D than those without jaundice. Further analysis revealed that lumbar spine BMD was correlated with age(r = 0.774, P 0.001), serum albumin(r = 0.333, P = 0.005), total bilirubin(r =-0.476, P 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase(r =-0.583, P 0.001), alanine aminotransferase(r =-0.428, P 0.001), and alkaline phosphatase(r =-0.456, P 0.001).CONCLUSION Low BMD was associated with biochemical parameters reflecting the severity of cholestasis in post Kasai BA patients.