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探讨运动干预对焦虑女大学生睡眠质量的影响,以及负性情绪在运动干预影响睡眠质量中的中介效应,为指导睡眠障碍患者的康复提供参考.方法 以北京师范大学70名焦虑女大学生为研究对象,随机分为实验组(34名)和对照组(36名);实验组进行8周有氧运动与瑜伽训练结合的干预,对照组在相同时间正常学习生活不进行规律运动;采用匹兹堡睡眠质量量表(PSQI)、正性负性情绪量表(PANAS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS),评估被试运动干预前后的睡眠与负性情绪水平.结果 运动干预后,实验组睡眠质量(4.31±1.26)、焦虑(36.41±7.32)和负性情绪(2.37±0.50)得分较干预前[(8.41±3.11)(53.76±2.70)(2.79±0.59)]均显著改善(P值均<0.01),而对照组干预前后差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).中介效应检验显示,负性情绪在运动对睡眠质量的影响中起部分中介作用(t=6.77,P<0.01).结论 运动干预显著改善了焦虑女大学生睡眠质量和负性情绪水平,负性情绪在运动改善睡眠质量过程中起部分中介作用. 相似文献
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探讨社会支持对大学生抑郁、焦虑和压力等负性情绪相关自杀行为的调节作用,为开展大学生自杀预防提供参考.方法 在青海省、宁夏回族自治区和新疆维吾尔自治区各选取1所高校,以班级为单位整群抽取4 893名在校大学生作为研究对象,进行社会支持量表、抑郁—焦虑—压力量表(Depression Anxiety Stress Scale,DASS)和自杀行为量表问卷调查,采用层次回归模型分析社会支持的调节作用.结果 被试学生中有738名为自杀行为高危(15.08%).回归分析显示,DASS得分对大学生自杀风险具有正向预测作用(β=0.31,P<0.01),而社会支持对大学生自杀风险具有负向预测作用(β=-0.08,P<0.01);社会支持与DASS的交互项也显示出对自杀风险的负向预测作用(β=-0.05,P<0.01).结论 社会支持对大学生抑郁、焦虑和压力等负性情绪相关的自杀行为可能具有缓冲作用. 相似文献
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抑郁是人类一种正常的情绪体验,但如果抑郁情绪持续时间较长且得不到有效改善,就会影响正常的学习、工作和生活,严重时会导致抑郁症.大学阶段是个体心理迅速发展但尚未完全成熟的一个过渡期.大学生自我调控能力欠缺,面对各种复杂的问题时,容易产生较为严重的"情绪适应不良",从而引发抑郁、焦虑等情绪[1-2].医学生作为大学生的特定群体,课业负担繁重,容易在紧张或压力中产生抑郁情绪[3].体育运动是维持和增进身心健康的重要方法,其对抑郁情绪的改善是其他方法和手段所不能替代的.欧美一些国家常以运动处方的形式对部分疾病进行治疗和康复,由于其具有较强的计划性、科学性和针对性,已被越来越多的人群所接受[4].为探讨运动处方对医学生抑郁情绪的干预效果,笔者对牡丹江医学院学生进行了实验研究. 相似文献
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正人际关系是人与人之间通过交往、互动而形成的心理关系,它是人社会性的重要方面,是人归属需要的重要反映~([1])。大学生正处于人际关系社会化的转折时期,他们期望获得社会接受的愿望尤为迫切,因而能否形成良好的人际关系对其身心健康发展有着十分重要的影响~([2-3])。大学生的人际关系主要表现为在学习、生活中发生与同学、朋友、老师及家庭成员之间的心理关系。近年来,不少研究表明大学生的心理问题越来越多,其中许多问题与人际冲突、人际关系紧张有直接的联系~([4-5])。影响大学生人际关系的因素很多,已有研究多关注人格特质、家庭教养方式、情绪 相似文献
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目的分析不同运动量的体育活动持续状态与焦虑、抑郁评分变化轨迹之间的关联,为更好认识体育活动对大学生焦虑、抑郁发展情况的影响提供参考。方法采用分层整群抽样法,对山东省某综合性大学2017级1 265名学生进行5次随访,使用体育活动等级量表、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表进行问卷调查,并通过潜在类线性混合模型识别焦虑、抑郁评分变化轨迹,采用无序多分类Logistic回归分析5次调查小运动量的体育活动持续状态与焦虑和抑郁评分变化轨迹之间的关联。结果每次均为小运动量者940名(74.3%),每次均为中等或大运动量者325名(25.7%)。焦虑评分变化轨迹被分为低水平组、高水平-下降组、高水平组,分别为686(54.2%)、144(11.4%)、435(34.4%)名;抑郁评分变化轨迹被分为低水平组、中水平-下降组、高水平组、中水平-上升组,分别为604(47.8%)、170(13.4%)、177(14.0%)、314(24.8%)名。以中等或大运动量学生作为参照,持续为小运动量状态会增加焦虑保持在高水平的风险(OR=1.78)、使抑郁评分在中等水平继续降低的可能性降低(OR=0.67)、增加抑郁评... 相似文献
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目的 了解长春市脱发大学生抑郁情绪水平,探讨影响脱发大学生抑郁情绪的相关因素。方法 选取长春中医药大学附属医院2019年11月—2021年6月收治的275名脱发大学生作为调查对象,利用流调用抑郁量表、一般人口学问卷进行调查,对可能的影响因素进行二元Logistic回归分析。结果 脱发大学生中发生抑郁情绪者121名,检出率为44.0%。女生(OR=2.26,95%CI=1.22~4.20)、26~30岁(OR=2.43,95%CI=1.01~5.85)、自评睡眠质量很差(OR=13.63,95%CI=4.09~45.42)、自评人际关系受较大影响(OR=3.56,95%CI=1.57~8.06)、感知到重度压力(OR=3.73,95%CI=1.35~10.30)与脱发大学生发生抑郁情绪呈正相关,每周锻炼1~2次或3~5次及>5次[OR值(95%CI)分别为0.17(0.05~0.61),0.14(0.04~0.52),0.03(0.01~0.14)],与脱发大学生发生抑郁情绪呈负相关(P值均<0.05)。结论 脱发大学生的抑郁情绪发生率较高,年龄、性别、睡眠质量、人际关系困扰... 相似文献
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目的了解北京市某综合大学在校本科生运动现况及健康教育的效果,为推广高校运动健康教育提供资料和依据。方法以北京某综合大学351名选修了2008-2009年度《健康生活方式与健康传播》通选课的本科生为对象,通过课堂教育、运动日记和点滴改变计划鼓励其改变运动行为,干预前后进行问卷调查(干预后调查318人),评估运动行为干预效果。结果干预后,BMI偏低学生的比例从24.2%降低到15.6%,其中中国学生营养不良的比例显著下降;BMI正常的比例由66.7%升高到76.2%。干预后,学生每周运动次数明显增加,中国学生增加尤为明显;每周运动次数≥5的学生比例显著上升。干预前后学生健身消费行为差异无统计学意义。结论健康教育使大学生的运动次数明显增加,BMI显著改善,值得推广。 相似文献
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张梅 《保健医学研究与实践》2010,7(3)
目的探讨康复运动处方对老年人锻炼效果的影响。方法将200名锻炼的老年人随机平分为对照组和试验组,对照组按自己的意愿随意锻炼,试验组则按照康复运动处方的要求锻炼,锻炼时间为6个月,锻炼前后检测体重、心率、心功能指数、收缩压、血胆固醇、血甘油三脂、血糖。结果对照组锻炼后各指标的变化与锻炼前比较均无统计学意义(P0.05);试验组老年人锻炼后体重适度下降,心率减缓,心功能指数降低,血压降低,血胆固醇、甘油三脂、血糖下降,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论运用康复运动处方锻炼效果好。应推荐采用科学的方法进行锻炼,才能达到老年人康复的目的 。 相似文献
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Rachel C. Veasey Crystal F. Haskell-Ramsay David O. Kennedy Brian Tiplady Emma J. Stevenson 《Nutrients》2015,7(7):5712-5732
Pre-exercise nutritional practices for active females exercising for mood, cognitive and appetite benefits are not well established. Results from an initial field pilot study showed that higher energy intake at breakfast was associated with lower fatigue and higher overall mood and alertness post-exercise (all p < 0.05). In a follow-up, randomised, controlled trial, 24 active women completed three trials in a balanced, cross-over design. At 0815 h participants completed baseline cognitive tasks, mood and appetite visual analogue scales (VAS) and were administered a cereal breakfast (providing 118 or 236 kcal) or no breakfast. After 45 min, they completed a 30 min run at 65% heart rate reserve (HRR). Parameters were re-assessed immediately after exercise, then hourly until lunch (~1240 h), immediately post-lunch and at 1500 and 1900 h via a mobile phone. Breakfast enhanced feelings of relaxation before lunch (p < 0.05, d > 0.40), though breakfast was detrimental for working memory mid-afternoon (p = 0.019, d = 0.37) and mental fatigue and tension later in the day (all p < 0.05, d > 0.038). Breakfast was also beneficial for appetite control before lunch irrespective of size (all p < 0.05, d > 0.43). These data provide information on pre-exercise nutritional practices for active females and suggest that a small breakfast eaten prior to exercise can benefit post-exercise mood and subjective appetite ratings. 相似文献
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北京市某综合大学本科生饮食与运动习惯调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 了解北京市某综合大学在校本科生的膳食结构和运动情况,为进行营养与运动健康教育提供依据.方法 采用自行设计的营养运动调查问卷,对北京市某综合大学选修<健康传播与健康教育>通选课的351名在校本科生进行调查.结果 调查人群中能做到每天5份蔬果的学生仅占20.9%.女生的营养习惯普遍比男生健康,每天坚持喝牛奶、吃水果和蔬菜的比例均高于男生.平均每周锻炼3 d以上的学生占36.1%.90%以上的学生愿意为健康改变营养、运动习惯,最喜欢的渠道是"课堂教育".结论 该校本科生营养与运动的知识不足,行为有欠健康.应推广高校健康普及课程,促进大学生身心健康全面发展. 相似文献
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《Journal of the American Medical Directors Association》2014,15(4):261-266
ObjectivesTo compare the impact of walking with a recreational activity on postprandial glycemia, heart rate variability, and mood state following the dinner meal.DesignParticipants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) participated in 3 trials on different days in random order after ingestion of a standardized dinner meal (300 ± 6 kcals).SettingUniversity clinical testing laboratory.ParticipantsTwelve participants (9 female, 3 male; 58.7 ± 2.4 years) with uncomplicated T2D not taking insulin or beta-blocker medications.InterventionThirty minutes of self-paced walking on a treadmill (TM), 30 minutes of table tennis played continuously against the iPong robot (TT), and 30 minutes of rest (CON) undertaken 30 minutes after the start of ingestion of the same dinner meal on three occasions within a week.MeasurementsBlood glucose was measured at 30-minute intervals through 180 minutes starting immediately prior to the dinner meal. Profile of Mood States was completed before and immediately following exercise or rest. Sympathovagal balance (heart rate variability) was measured prior to eating and 30 minutes after trial completion.ResultsCompared with TT or CON, TM resulted in significantly lower postprandial blood glucose (P < .05), as well as a greater quantity of physical activity than TT (+72%) or rest (+91%; P < .01). Mean heart rate during TM was significantly greater than during TT (+25.9 beats per minute; P < .01). However, neither mood state nor HRV were significantly different among trials.ConclusionsThirty minutes of self-paced walking following the dinner meal may be more effective at lowering postprandial glycemia in T2D than a similar duration of table tennis played continuously against a robot. 相似文献
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Paula Kett Frederick Rivara Anthony Gomez Annie Phare Kirk Christina Yantsides 《Journal of community health》2016,41(6):1160-1166
In 2003, Seattle implemented an all-ages bicycle helmet law; King County outside of Seattle had implemented a similar law since 1994. For the period 2000–2010, the effect of the helmet legislation on helmet use, helmet-preventable injuries, and bicycle-related fatalities was examined, comparing Seattle to the rest of King County. Data was retrieved from the Washington State Trauma Registry and the King County Medical Examiner. Results comparing the proportions of bicycle related head injuries before (2000–2002) and after (2004–2010) the law show no significant change in the proportion of bicyclists admitted to the hospital and treated for head injuries in either Seattle (37.9 vs 40.2 % p = 0.75) nor in the rest of King County (30.7 vs 31.4 %, p = 0.84) with the extension of the helmet law to Seattle in 2003. However, bicycle-related major head trauma as a proportion of all bicycle-related head trauma did decrease significantly in Seattle (83.9 vs 64.9 %, p = 0.04), while there was no significant change in King County (64.4 vs 57.6 %, p = 0.41). While the results do not show an overall decrease in head injuries, they do reveal a decrease in the severity of head injuries, as well as bicycle-related fatalities, suggesting that the helmet legislation was effective in reducing severe disability and death, contributing to injury prevention in Seattle and King County. The promotion of helmet use through an all ages helmet law is a vital preventative strategy for reducing major bicycle-related head trauma. 相似文献
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Gaia Giuriato Massimo Venturelli Alexs Matias Edgard M. K. V. K. Soares Jessica Gaetgens Kimberley A. Frederick Stephen J. Ives 《Nutrients》2022,14(2)
Capsaicin (CAP) activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel on sensory neurons, improving ATP production, vascular function, fatigue resistance, and thus exercise performance. However, the underlying mechanisms of CAP-induced ergogenic effects and fatigue-resistance, remain elusive. To evaluate the potential anti-fatigue effects of CAP, 10 young healthy males performed constant-load cycling exercise time to exhaustion (TTE) trials (85% maximal work rate) after ingestion of placebo (PL; fiber) or CAP capsules in a blinded, counterbalanced, crossover design, while cardiorespiratory responses were monitored. Fatigue was assessed with the interpolated twitch technique, pre-post exercise, during isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVC). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected in cardiorespiratory responses and self-reported fatigue (RPE scale) during the time trial or in TTE (375 ± 26 and 327 ± 36 s, respectively). CAP attenuated the reduction in potentiated twitch (PL: −52 ± 6 vs. CAP: −42 ± 11%, p = 0.037), and tended to attenuate the decline in maximal relaxation rate (PL: −47 ± 33 vs. CAP: −29 ± 68%, p = 0.057), but not maximal rate of force development, MVC, or voluntary muscle activation. Thus, CAP might attenuate neuromuscular fatigue through alterations in afferent signaling or neuromuscular relaxation kinetics, perhaps mediated via the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pumps, thereby increasing the rate of Ca2+ reuptake and relaxation. 相似文献
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张梅 《保健医学研究与实践》2009,(4)
目的了解运动处方在减少体育舞蹈运动损伤中的作用,指导体育舞蹈的教学训练中合理应用运动处方。方法分为实验组和对照组,一学期后进行问卷调查,对其结果进行统计分析。结果桑巴受伤率高于其他项目,但在实验组受伤率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);实验组肌肉受伤率、韧带和关节受伤率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);实验组腰背受伤率和踝关节受伤率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论运动处方能有效地降低体育舞蹈教学中运动损伤的发生率,在体育舞蹈的教学中应重视运动处方的应用,减少损伤发生,提高健身效果。 相似文献