吸烟与温石棉单独及联合作用对人胚肺细胞蛋白激酶C活性的影响

为探讨细胞信号转导系统在吸烟与石棉联合致癌过程中的作用，本研究采用体外细胞培养技术，对香烟烟雾溶液（ＣＳＳ）和温石棉（ＣＨ）单独及联合作用于人胚肺（ＨＥＬ）细胞后细胞内蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）活性的变化进行了观察。结果表明，ＣＳＳ与ＣＨ单独作用均可使胞浆ＰＫＣ（ＰＫＣ－Ｃ）和胞膜ＰＫＣ（ＰＫＣ－Ｍ）活性增强；当二者联合作用时可协同增强ＰＫＣ－Ｃ和ＰＫＣ－Ｍ的活性，提示吸烟与温石棉可能通过改变细胞内ＰＫＣ的活性进一步促进肿瘤的发生。     

吸烟与石棉对人胚肺细胞某些癌基因表达的影响

目的　探讨吸烟与温石棉联合作用对体外培养细胞癌基因的影响。方法　用Northernblot测定了烟溶液 (CSS)与温石棉 (CH)单独及联合作用后人胚肺 (HEL)细胞c fos和c myc癌基因mRNA水平的表达。 结果　CSS和CH单独与HEL细胞作用 2 4h均可使c fosmRNA水平升高 ,二者联合作用可协同增加c fosmRNA表达的水平 ;CSS与CH单独与HEL细胞作用 3次 (每次 2 4h)后再传至第 10代 ,均可使c mycmRNA水平升高 ,二者联合作用也可协同增加c mycmRNA的水平。结论　CSS和CH可协同激活细胞某些癌基因的表达 ,这在二者联合致癌过程中可能起着重要作用。     

三种化合物对温石棉诱导人胚肺细胞芳香烃羟化酶活性的影响

有研究表明，石棉和多环芳烃（ＰＡＨｓ）有协同致癌作用。其机制之一可能是石棉纤维使多环芳烃的排泄推迟，在体内停留时间延长，有利于与体内生物大分子作用［１］。另外，石棉还可能通过改变机体内依赖细胞色素Ｐ４５０的单氧化酶活性，影响多环芳烃的代谢，从而促进其...     

稀土化合物对温石棉表面产生羟基自由基的抑制作用

稀土化合物对温石棉表面产生羟基自由基的抑制作用吴卫东，秦孝发，江泉观，纪云晶稀土元素包括镧、铈等十七种元素。由于其具有独特的电子结构和多种优良理化性质，所以用途极为广泛，已为我国农作物生产带来明显的经济效益［１］。最近有人在动物实验中观察到稀土可能具...     

温石棉对碱性色素的吸附作用

温石棉对碱性色素的吸附作用吴卫东，刘世杰大量研究资料表明，石棉表面性质在其致病过程中起重要作用［１］．吸附性是石棉重要表面性质之一，它是石棉纤维接触靶细胞并进一步发挥其生物学作用的先决条件。在过去的研究中，我们已观察到茫崖温石棉（以下简称茫棉）等国产...     

国产温石棉对肺泡巨噬细胞胞浆游离钙的影响

利用Ｆｕｒａ２－ＡＭ钙荧光指示剂，探讨了茫崖及涞源温石棉在生理钙介质中对肺泡巨噬细胞胞浆游离钙的影响。结果表明，两种温石棉均可致胞浆游离钙浓度明显升高，并且具有时间及剂量依赖关系。在受试剂量范围内，两种温石棉对胞浆游离钙的影响无明显差别。经柠檬酸铝处理后，两种温石棉对胞浆游离钙的干扰作用减弱。     

温石棉与纤维水镁石矿物粉尘体外细胞毒性的对比

自从1967年美国一名港口工人死于石棉肺,获得巨额赔偿以来,有关石棉与健康问题成为世人瞩目的焦点之一.     

透闪石石棉对大鼠NK细胞活性的影响

石棉是一系列可分成很细的且具有弹性的纤维性硅酸盐矿物质的总称,分为蛇纹石类和闪石类,透闪右属于后一类。单纯透闪石石棉的开采很少,一般仅以污染物形式混杂于其它矿物质中。国外曾报道在动物实验中,透闪石石棉可诱发肿瘤。 有关NK细胞活性与各种临床疾病的关系日益     

不同地域的典型温石棉对wistar大鼠的氧化损伤作用北大核心CSCD

目的探讨4种不同地域的典型温石棉对wistar大鼠肺部氧化损伤作用及其作用强度比较。方法从矿区采集甘肃阿克塞、四川新康、陕西陕南和青海茫崖4种温石棉,加工成粒径小于10μm的颗粒物。X光荧光衍射分析样品主要化学成分,激光粒度分析仪测定粒径。选60只初断乳清洁级wistar大鼠,随机分为5组(陕西陕南、青海茫崖、四川新康、甘肃阿克塞温石棉染毒组和阴性对照组),染毒组采用非暴露式气管内滴注浓度为2.0 mg/ml温石棉悬液0.5 ml,染毒频率1次/月;阴性对照组采用相同方法滴注灭菌生理盐水0.5 ml。上述5组大鼠分别于实验1、3和6个月后分批处死大鼠4只,称其体质量、肺质量,肺组织苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察病理形态改变;测定肺组织匀浆和血清中活性氧簇(ROS)、丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力。结果四川新康和青海茫崖染毒组大鼠体质量增长缓慢,肺质量增加;HE染色显示,不同地域温石棉染毒组都有不同程度的炎性细胞聚集、肺泡结构破坏和纤维化,损伤随染毒时间延长加重;与相同染毒时间的阴性对照组比较,青海茫崖和四川新康染毒组大鼠肺组织和血清中ROS、MDA的含量分别于染毒1和3个月始增加(P<0.05),SOD活力先升高后降低(P<0.05),随染毒时间的延长,肺组织和血清中MDA含量增加(P<0.05),SOD活力呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。结论四川新康和青海茫崖温石棉可致大鼠体内产生过量ROS,导致脂质过氧化作用,抗氧化酶SOD耗竭或失代偿,清除自由基的能力下降,造成大鼠的肺氧化应激损伤,提示不同地域温石棉氧化损伤作用可能存在差异。     

The interaction of cigarette smoking and chronic drug ingestion on human drug metabolism

1. Drug metabolism was assessed by the disappearance rate of antipyrine as measured in saliva. Results were expressed in terms of both clearance and half life. 2. Basal measurements of antipyrine disappearance rate were performed in seven non-smokers and six smokers. After administration of glutethimide 250 mg daily for 7 days a second measurement of antipyrine disappearance rate was made. 3. Glutethimide enhanced antipyrine metabolism in both smokers and non-smokers. The degree of change in both groups was similar. 4. A similar study was carried out with a smaller dose (125 mg) of glutethimide. There was no significant difference between smokers and non-smokers.5. The data are consistent with smoking and chronic drug ingestion having additive effects on enhancement of hepatic drug metabolism.     

Effects of acute paroxetine treatment on the consumption of cigarette smoking and caffeine in depressed patients

In the present study, we examined the effects of acute treatment with paroxetine on the consumption of cigarette smoking and caffeine in 65 patients who met the DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder (M/F: 28/37, age: 48 +/- 15 years). Plasma levels of cotinine or caffeine were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The amount of cigarette smoking and plasma levels of cotinine, but not caffeine, decreased 4 weeks after paroxetine treatment. There was no difference between smokers and nonsmokers with respect to their response to paroxetine treatment. In addition, plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) levels in responders to paroxetine treatment was higher than those in nonresponders, and there was a negative correlation between the changes in plasma MHPG levels and the changes in Hamilton rating scale for depression (Ham-D) scores before and 4 weeks after paroxetine administration. These results suggest that paroxetine has the potential to reduce the amount of cigarette smoking in depressed smokers, and we reconfirmed our previous results that depressed patients with higher plasma MHPG levels had better response to paroxetine treatment than those with lower plasma MHPG levels using larger depressed samples.     

Induction of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production by N-nitrosopiperidine and N-nitrosodibutylamine in human leukemia cells

N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) and N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) belong to a group of N-nitrosamines that are widely distributed in foodstuffs and the occupational environment. In the present study, the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60, was used to characterize the apoptotic effects of N-nitrosamines, and to examine the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Apoptotic cells were identified by (i) chromatin condensation (ii) flow cytometry analysis and (iii) poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. NPIP and NDBA induced morphological changes consistent with apoptotic events in HL-60 cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that both N-nitrosamines induced apoptotic cell death in a concentration and time dependent-manner. It was observed that NDBA was stronger than NPIP, since it induced a significant apoptotic cell death after 18 h starting from a concentration of 2 mm, whereas NPIP was effective at 10 mm. Furthermore, PARP was markedly cleaved with 0.5 mm of NDBA and 5 mm of NPIP after treatments for 3 and 18 h, respectively. Finally, the ROS level was found to be elevated after 0.5 h of treatment with both N-nitrosamines. Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) completely inhibited the ROS production induced by NPIP and NDBA. However, this action seems not to be associated with the apoptosis because NAC did not block N-nitrosamines-induced apoptosis. The data demonstrate that NPIP and NDBA induce apoptosis and ROS production in HL-60 cells.     

Study of the relationship between anxiety sensitivity,smoking abstinence expectancies,nicotine withdrawal,and cigarette dependence among daily smokers

Introduction: Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is the fear of anxiety symptoms related to physical, cognitive, and social concerns. AS has been implicated in amplifying negative emotional states and maintaining smoking behavior. Aims: The current cross-sectional study evaluated the lower-order facets of AS (Physical, Cognitive, Social concerns) in relation to current nicotine withdrawal symptoms, short-term consequences of abstaining from smoking, and cigarette dependence. Methods: 331 adult Italian smokers were recruited from the general population and asked to fill in scales assessing AS, nicotine withdrawal symptoms, and cigarette dependence. Results: All ASI-3 subscales were associated with psychological symptoms of nicotine abstinence (β?=?0.30–0.10; p?≥?0.001), whereas ASI-3 physical concerns (β?=?0.62; p?≥?0.001) and ASI-3 cognitive concerns (β?=?0.25; p?≥?0.001) were associated with physical symptoms of nicotine abstinence. No ASI-3 subscales were associated with short-term smoking abstinence expectancies. ASI-3 physical concerns (β?=?0.72; p?≥?0.001) and ASI-3 cognitive concerns (β?=?0.25; p?≥?0.001) were associated with cigarette dependence. Discussion: ASI-3 physical concerns and ASI-3 cognitive concerns could amplify withdrawal-related factors, thereby increasing the negative reinforcement processes which might motivate smoking.     

Effects of cigarette smoking on psychopathology scores in patients with schizophrenia: An experimental study

Cigarette smoking and/or nicotine administration have been shown to transiently ameliorate several psychophysiological deficits in patients with schizophrenia such as indicators of deficient sensory gating and attention, but acute effects of smoking on positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia have not been evaluated in experimental paradigms. The current study assessed whether smoking of cigarettes, after 6–12 h abstinence, transiently alters the expression of negative and/or positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia who have a history of regular smoking. In a double‐blind, placebo controlled study patients with schizophrenia participated in two sessions in which they smoked either cigarettes moderately high in nicotine content or denicotinized cigarettes. They were interviewed pre‐and postsmoking to obtain ratings of PANSS and SANS scales, and had blood pressure and pulse serially recorded before and after smoking. Pulse rate and blood pressure were slightly higher after smoking in the high nicotine cigarette session. Negative symptom scores on both scales were significantly lower after cigarette smoking compared to same‐day predrug baseline, but there were no differences in active versus denicotinized cigarette drug effects. These results suggest that acute smoking of cigarettes reduces negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia in this experimental paradigm. Future work needs to identify the mechanism responsible for this behavioral effect.     

Airborne particulate matter modulates the production of reactive oxygen species in human polymorphonuclear granulocytes

Causal relationships between airborne particles (especially particulate matter < 10 μm in diameter) and increases in prevalences and symptoms of respiratory diseases have been postulated in many epidemiologic studies. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in the nasal or bronchial epithelium can be exposed to particulate matter (PM) and may upon exposure produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Release of ROS can result in cellular and tissue damage and initiate or exacerbate inflammation. To elucidate the effect of PM on inflammatory reactions, we exposed human PMN to PM extracts. PM were collected with high volume samplers in two cities, Düsseldorf and Duisburg, in Germany and reflect sites with high traffic and industrial emissions respectively. The collected particles were extracted using water and then dichloromethane, resulting in an aqueous and an organic extract. The production of ROS was determined using luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (LCL) of resting and zymosan-stimulated PMN. The present study shows that extracts of PM alone significantly stimulated the production and release of ROS in resting PMN. The effects of the PM extracts were inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and sodium azide (NaN₃). Zymosan-induced LCL was, however, diminished by coincubation with PM extracts. The chemical composition is important when considering the effects of particles. Our study shows that only organic substances adsorbed to particles stimulate LCL. SOZ-induced LCL is inhibited by both types of extracts, but aqueous extracts have a stronger inhibitory effect. It is at present unclear which substances are responsible for these effects.     

人卵泡液及胚胎培养液中活性氧和抗氧化能力的变化研究

目的研究超促排卵周期中不同直径卵泡液及不同质量胚胎培养液中活性氧（ROS）和抗氧化能力（TAC）含量的变化,探讨ROS和TAC在卵泡、胚胎发育中的作用及与妊娠结局的关系。方法采用比色法测定31例因输卵管因素行IVF-ET的患者不同直径卵泡液及不同级别胚胎培养液中的ROS、TAC含量。结果检测到大、中、小卵泡中均存在ROS、TAC,含量差异无统计学意义,但妊娠组TAC/ROS比值小于未妊娠组。在胚胎培养液中仅检测到ROS含量,未检测到TAC。优质胚胎与劣质胚胎间ROS含量差异无统计学意义,但当移植胚胎培养液中ROS〈200U/mL时,趋向有较好妊娠结局。结论 ROS和TAC与卵泡发育无关,但TAC/ROS比值增高可能与不良妊娠结局有关。胚胎培养液中ROS含量在不同级别胚胎差异无统计学意义,但培养液中ROS的低水平与良好妊娠结局有关,可能可以作为预测胚胎发育潜能的指标。     

The production and cytotoxicity of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by diallyl trisulfide (DATS) in human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells

Objective To explore the production and cytotoxicity of the reactive oxygen species(ROS)induced by diallyl trisulfid(DATS)in HL-60 cells.Methods HL-60 cells were either treated with various doses of DATS alone,or DATS combination with Apocynin,a specific NADPH oxidase inhibitor,or with antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC)for 0,1,3,6,12 and 24 hours,respectively.The intracellular ROS level was measured by flow cytometry.The activity of NADPH oxidase was evaluated by NBT reduction experiment.The content of both malondialdehyde(MDA)and the protein carbonyl was analyzed by spectrophotometer.Results The results from flow cytometry indicated that DATS significantly increased the intracellular ROS level in HL-60 cells(P<0.05),which is a dose-and time-dependent.The fluorescence intensities of ROS reached at maximuam when HL-60 cells were incubated with 150 μmol·L-1 DATS for 3 hours.The NBT reduction experiment showed that DATS activated NADPH oxidase which had highest activity when cell were exposed to 150 μmol·L-1 DATS for 3 hours.Results DATS induced MDA and protein carbonyl production in HL-60 cells.Furrthermore,both MDA and protein carbonyl in the cells exposed to 150 μmol·L-1 DATS for 3 hours reached the highest level.Apocynin and NAC could attenuate the production of MDA and protein carbonyl,which suggested that ROS induced by DATS was involved in the toxicity to cells.Conclusions DATS induce ROS production through activating NADPH oxidase in HL-60 cells.ROS induced by DATS increase the oxidation of the membrane lipid and the protein of HL-60 cell.