不扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨开放性骨折

目的 :评估不扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨开放性骨折的疗效。方法 :应用不扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨开放性骨折 46例 ,CustiloⅠ型 15例 ,CustiloⅡ型 17型 ,CustiloⅢA型 7例 ,CustiloⅢB型 5例。结果 :平均随访 17.1个月 ,平均愈合时间 2 5周 ,采用Joher Wruh评分 :优 3 0例、良 13例、中 1例、差 2例 ;无主钉弯、断、旋 ,锁钉脱出现象 ,感染 2例 ,骨折全部愈合。结论 :不扩髓交锁髓内钉在治疗胫骨开放性骨折中具有创伤小、固定坚强、感染率低、骨折愈合率高等优点 ,只要掌握好适应证及手术时机 ,是治疗胫骨开放性骨折的较好方法。     

应用扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨不稳定性骨折

目的 探讨扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨不稳定性骨折的治疗效果。方法 对42例胫骨不稳定性骨折患行扩髓交锁髓内钉固定，闭合性骨折22例，开放性骨折20例，均应用静力性固定。结果 平均随访时间12个月，采用Johner—Wruh评分标准，治疗结果：优32例，良8例，一般2例。骨折平均愈合时间：闭合性骨折15周，开放性骨折19周，3例延迟愈合，无深部感染、骨髓炎、畸形愈合及骨不连发生。结论 扩髓交锁髓内钉是治疗胫骨不稳定性骨折较理想的方法，可促进骨折愈合，并发症少。     

扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨不稳定性骨折（附42例报告）

目的：探讨扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨不稳定性骨折的治疗效果。方法：对42例胫骨不稳定性骨折病人行扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗，闭合性骨折22例，开放性骨折20例，全部应用静力性固定。结果：平均随访时间12个月（6-20个月），采用Johner-Wruh评分标准。治疗结果：优32例，良8例，一般2例，骨折平均愈合时间；闭合性骨折15周（10-23周），开放性骨折19周（13-36周）。3例延迟愈合，无深部感染，骨髓炎，畸形愈合及骨不连。结论：扩髓交锁髓内钉是治疗胫骨不稳定性骨折较理想的方法，可促进骨折愈合。并发症较少。     

非扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗开放性胫骨干骨折

目的:评估非扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗开放性胫骨干骨折的疗效。方法:应用非扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗21例开放性胫骨干骨折。男18例,女3例,年龄23岁～59岁,平均36.3岁。AO/ASIF分类A型10例,B型9例,C型2例。Gustilo分类Ⅰ型9例,Ⅱ型11例,ⅢA型1例。结果:所有患者得到4～21个月随访(平均14.3个月)。所用髓内钉直径平均8.9mm。骨折平均愈合时间27周(13～34周)。采用Johner-Wruh评分,结果优14例,良6例,差1例,无感染,无断钉和骨不连。结论:非扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗开放性胫骨干骨折,只要严格掌握适应证和手术时机,彻底清创,熟练掌握操作技术,具有创伤小、能早期活动、骨折愈合率高和感染率低等优点。     

扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨不稳定性骨折 (附42例报告)

目的探讨扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨不稳定性骨折的治疗效果.方法对42例胫骨不稳定性骨折病人行扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗,闭合性骨折22例,开放性骨折20例,全部应用静力性固定.结果平均随访时间12个月(6～20个月),采用Johner-Wruh评分标准,治疗结果优32例,良8例,一般2例,骨折平均愈合时间闭合性骨折15周(10～23周),开放性骨折19周(13～36周),3例延迟愈合,无深部感染、骨髓炎、畸形愈合及骨不连.结论扩髓交锁髓内钉是治疗胫骨不稳定性骨折较理想的方法,可促进骨折愈合,并发症较少.     

顺行扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折(附237例报告)

目的：探讨顺行扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折的治疗效果。方法：对1996年6月～2002年7月应用顺行扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗237例股骨干骨折进行回顾分析。骨折类型根据AO／ASIF分类，A型骨折88例，B型124例，C型25例。其中开放性骨折36例，包括Gustilo Ⅰ型至ⅢA型，闭合性骨折201例。全部应用静力固定。结果：平均随访时间12个月(6～22个月)，闭合性骨折平均愈合时间15周(10～22周)，开放性骨折18周(13～36周)。12例延迟愈合，无深部感染、骨髓炎、畸形愈合、骨不连及断钉等并发症。全部患者术后邻近关节的功能均恢复正常。结论：扩髓交锁髓内钉是治疗股骨干骨折较理想的方法，骨折愈合率高，并发症较少。     

扩髓与非扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗开放性胫骨骨折

目的比较扩髓与非扩髓型带锁髓内钉治疗开放性胫骨骨折的临床疗效。方法对86例共92侧开放性胫骨骨折采用带锁髓内钉治疗,其中扩髓组54侧,非扩髓组38侧。伤口拆线后扶拐下地活动,术后定期随访6个月～2年。结果扩髓组与非扩髓组局部感染率分别是20．3％和5．3％（P〈0．05）;扩髓组与非扩髓组平均骨折愈合时间分别为22．5周和19周（P〉0．05）;延迟愈合分别为8例,3例。结论与扩髓组比较,非扩髓带锁髓内钉延迟愈合或不愈合少,感染率低,两组平均骨折愈合时间无明显差异。     

扩髓与非扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗开放性胫骨骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较扩髓与非扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗开放性胫骨骨折的临床疗效。方法 对64例共67侧开放性胫骨骨折采用带锁髓内钉治疗，其中非扩髓组36侧，扩髓组31侧。伤口愈合拆线后扶拐下地活动，术后定期随访6个月-1年。结果 非扩髓组与扩髓组局部感染率分别是13．9％和12．9％(P＞0．05)，无全身感染；非扩髓组5例锁钉断裂，扩髓组无断钉；非扩髓组与扩髓组平均骨折愈合时间分别为22．5周和17．2周(P＜0．05)。延迟愈合分别为5例、3例，非扩髓组有1例骨折不愈合。结论 与非扩髓组比较，扩髓带锁髓内钉具有骨折固定强度大、骨折愈合快、延迟愈合或不愈合少，感染率没有明显升高。     

有限扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨闭合性粉碎性骨折

目的：探讨有限扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨粉碎性骨折的治疗效果。方法：对38例胫骨闭合性粉碎性骨折病人行有限扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗，全部应用静力性固定。结果：平均随访时间12个月(6～22个月)，采用Johner-Wruh评分标准，治疗结果：优30例，良6例，一般2例，骨折平均愈合时间16周(12～36周)，3例延迟愈合，无深部感染、骨髓炎、畸形愈合及骨不连。结论：有限扩髓交锁髓内钉是治疗胫骨粉碎性骨折较理想的方法，可促进骨折愈合，并发症较少。     

急诊非扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗开放性胫骨干骨折

[目的]评价急诊非扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗开放性胫骨干骨折的临床疗效。[方法]2011年9月~2014年10月本院60例开放性胫骨干骨折急诊采用非扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗,51例获得随访。劈开或不劈开髌韧带插钉;髓内钉直径8 mm、9 mm;稳定性骨折6周内部分负重,不稳定性8~12周内避免负重。[结果]平均愈合时间25.5周(13~60周):8 mm直径髓内钉23周,9 mm 26周;中上段骨折25.9周,中段24.7周,中下段21.9周,差异无统计学意义。合并腓骨骨折比单纯胫骨骨折长5.5周。22例出现膝前痛,劈开和不劈开髌韧带组各11例,差异无统计学意义。1例不愈合,16例延迟愈合,7例畸形愈合,1例骨筋膜室综合征,4例伤口浅部感染,1例深部感染,4例锁钉断裂。[结论]急诊清创、非扩髓交锁髓内钉是治疗胫骨干开放性骨折一种安全、有效的方法。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.