Clinical, haemodynamic, and coronary angiographic correlates of angina pectoris in patients with severe aortic valve disease.

Of 88 consecutive patients aged 20 to 77 years with severe symptomatic aortic valve disease requiring surgery, 51 patients had angina pectoris; of these 51, 41 had predominant aortic stenosis and 10 had severe aortic regurgitation. All patients with angina pectoris underwent coronary angiography; significant coronary arterial disease was encounted in 24 per cent of those with aortic stenosis and 20 per cent of those with aortic regurgitation. By contrast, of 37 patients without angina pectoris 19 underwent coronary arteriography; none showed significant coronary artery disease (P smaller than 0.05). Among patients with angina pectoris, 17 per cent of those with aortic stenosis experienced prolonged, rest or nocturnal pain, compared to 70 per cent of those with aortic regurgitation (P smaller than 0.005). At the time of onset of angina pectoris, there were features of heart failure in 34 per cent of those with aortic stenosis, and in 90 per cent of those with aortic regurgitation (P smaller than 0.005). Nitroglycerin promptly relieved angina pectoris in 56 percent of patients with aortic stenosis and in 50 per cent of those with aortic regurgitation (P smaller than 0.05). Neither the pattern of angina pectoris nor the response to nitroglycerin was dependent upon the coexistence of significant coronary artery disease. In patients with aortic stenosis, there was not significant difference between those with angina pectoris, and those without angina with regard to left ventricular end-diastolic volume, end-diastolic pressure, ejection fraction, peak systolic pressure, wall thickness, cardiac index, or the product of these factors. In patients with aortic regurgitation, cardiac index was significantly lower (P smaller than 0.05), left ventricular end-diastolic volume tended to be larger, and ejection fraction tended to be lower in patients with angina pectoris as opposed to those without angina pectoris.     

Clinical and hemodynamic evaluation of coronary collateral vessels in coronary artery disease

To appraise the functional significance of coronary collateral vessels, 78 consecutive patients with angina pectoris and at least 75 per cent obstruction in a major coronary vessel were studied clinically, hemodynamically, and angiographically and by stress testing. Forty-eight of them (62 per cent) had coronary collateral vessels. When patients with collaterals were compared with those without, the severity of angina pectoris and the number of positive treadmill ECG's were not statistically different. The patients with collaterals had a greater incidence of past myocardial infarction, $\text{33}\text{48}$ (68 per cent) vs. $\text{8}\text{30}$ (27 per cent) (P = 0.001); more extensive obstructive disease angiographically, 8.0 ± 0.4 vs. 6.3 ± 0.5 (P = 0.05); more abnormal pacing ventricular function curves, $\text{22}\text{23}$ (96 per cent) vs. $\text{9}\text{15}$ (60 per cent) (P = 0.01); and a greater incidence of left ventricular contraction abnormalities, $\text{43}\text{48}$ (90 per cent) vs. $\text{16}\text{30}$ (53 per cent) (P = 0.025).Patients who have coronary artery disease and collateral vessels cannot be distinguished from their counterparts without collaterals on a clinical basis except for a greater incidence of myocardial infarction in the former. Present evidence implies that collateral vessels may protect the patient by delaying the onset of angina pectoris, but when angina occurs these patients have more extensive coronary artery disease and greater myocardial dysfunction. In addition, collaterals, although not preventing, may limit the extent of myocardial infarction and reduce immediate mortality. The prognosis from the onset of angina pectoris may be worse in those patients with collateral vessels, however, because of their more extensive disease.     

Clinical and hemodynamic aspects of single vessel coronary artery disease

Two-hundred consecutive patients with arteriosclerotic heart disease underwent complete clinical and hemodynamic evaluation. Fifty-two patients (26 per cent) had significant single vessel coronary artery disease and were compared to 148 patients with more extensive coronary artery disease and to a group of 14 normal patients. The single vessel disease group, when compared to the diffuse disease group, was characterized by a shorter duration of angina pectoris, lower frequency of a history of congestive heart failure or cardiomegaly, and a lower frequency of electrocardiographic (ECG) evidence of a transmural myocardial infarction. The combination of angina pectoris for three or more years with cardiomegaly was the only factor which completely separated the two coronary disease groups. Cardiomegaly, when present in single vessel involvement, was always due to left anterior descending (LAD) disease, together with an anterior infarction on ECG and left ventricular asynergy. The single vessel disease group included 32 patients with LAD disease, 17 with RCA, and 3 with circumflex artery involvement. Resting hemodynamics in these 52 patients (other than a higher left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and wall stress) were not significantly different from hemodynamics in a normal group. Patients with diffuse disease were characterized by many hemodynamic alterations and by left ventricular (LV) asynergy, when compared to the single vessel disease or normal groups. The diffuse disease group had a lower ejection fraction (EF) and an increased frequency of LV asynergy and coronary collateral circulation than did the LAD group. In the single vessel disease group LV asynergy did not correlate with the ECG. LV synergy, however, was not found in any patient in the LAD group with abnormal Q waves on ECG. The single vessel disease group included only five patients with increased end-diastolic volume (EDV) and all had LAD involvement, increased LV end-diastolic pressure, and decreased EF. The remaining 47 patients with normal LV-EDV revealed that the LAD group had abnormal pressure-volume relationships, indicating a decreased compliance of the left ventricle.     

Serum lipoprotein lipid and apoprotein levels as indicators of the severity of angiographically assessed coronary artery disease

Serum lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides and apoproteins A-I, A-II and B were determined in 71 consecutive male subjects undergoing coronary angiography because of severe angina pectoris. Among the factors studied, apoprotein B, apoprotein B/A-I ratio, VLDL- and LDL cholesterol showed the most consistent association with the severity of coronary artery disease as assessed by angiography whereas serum HDL cholesterol and apoproteins A-I and A-II showed no correlation. Subjects with stenosis of the left main coronary artery had higher serum HDL cholesterol and apoprotein A-I and B levels than the others. In this series which comprised males with severe angina pectoris, derived from a population with high prevalence of coronary heart disease, LDL was the best indicator of the severity of coronary artery disease.     

心绞痛患者脂蛋白a水平与冠状动脉病变的相关性研究

目的探讨脂蛋白a（Lpa）水平对冠状动脉病变严重程度的预测价值。方法行冠状动脉造影患者,其中心绞痛72例,男性35例,女性37例;对照组68例,男性33例,女性35例。测定甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、脂蛋白a（Lpa）水平。结果心绞痛患者TC、TG、HDL和LDL与对照组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,Lpa水平较对照组明显升高（P〈0.05）,Lpa水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度呈正相关。结论Lpa与冠状动脉病变的程度及范围相关。     

90例选择性冠状动脉造影分析

目的：探讨选择性冠状动脉造影在冠心病诊断及治疗中的价值。方法：对心肌梗塞、典型心绞痛、不典型心绞痛患者共90例进行选择性冠状动脉造影，并对结果进行分析。结果：冠脉造影阳性率：心肌梗塞组占100％，典型心绞痛组占79．2％，不典型心绞痛组占37．5％。心肌梗塞组及典型心绞痛组与不典型心绞痛组比较，冠脉造影阳性率差异非常显著（P〈0．01），心肌梗塞组与典型心绞痛组比较阳性率无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：冠状动脉造影不仅是诊断冠心病的“金标准”，而且有益于冠心病的分型和指导治疗。     

The clinical course, early prognosis and coronary anatomy of subendocardial infarction.

The following prospective study was undertaken to observe the clinical course, early prognosis and coronary anatomy of patients with subendocardial infarction. Subendocardial infarction was defined as typical chest apin (greater than 15 minutes), serum enzyme elevation and persistent (greater than 48 hours) new T wave inversion and/or S-T segment depression in the absence of new pathologic Q waves. Fifty consecutive patients were defined, followed in a prospective manner and subjected to early coronary arteriography. A prior history of unstable angina was found in 33 patients (66 per cent); 22 patients (44 per cent) had significant dysrhythmias during the acute hospital phase, and seven patients (14 per cent) had evidence of mild left ventricular failure. Coronary arteriography demonstrated significant lesions (greater than 75 per cent narrowing in at least one vessel) in all 50 patients, with 30 patients (60 per cent) having either double- or triple-vessel disease. Follow-up (mean 10.6 months) revealed that 15 patients (30 per cent) had stable angina, 23 patients (46 per cent) unstable angina and only 12 patients (24 per cent) remained free of angina. Of 28 patients in a medically treated group, acute transmural infarctions developed in six (21 per cent) and one died (3 per cent). We conclude that subendocardial infarction is symptomatically an unstable entity, is associated with severe coronary artery disease and, in a medically treated group, is followed by a significant incidence of early transmural myocardial infarction (21 per cent). Therefore, these patients require in-hospital monitoring, careful follow-up and consideration for early coronary arteriography.     

冠心病和糖尿病患者血栓前状态的检测

为探讨冠心病心绞痛与非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（NIDDM）患者血栓前状态与血栓形成的关系及其机理，对20例稳定型心绞痛（SA）、26例不稳定型心绞痛（UA）、20例NIDDM、21例UA＋NIDDM患者及20例正常人的血浆vonWillebrand因子（vWF：Ag）、血浆血小板α-颗粒膜蛋白（GMP－140），血浆D-二聚体（D－Dimer）水平以及尿纤维蛋白肽A（FPA）进行检测。结果显示，不同类型的心绞痛和NIDDM及UA＋NIDDM患者以上指标均发生不同程度的变化，说明心绞痛和NIDDM等患者均有不同程度的血栓形成倾向或血栓形成。提示心绞痛和NIDDM患者可能有共同的血栓前状态的发病机理。     

Coronary artery aneurysms: study of the etiology, clinical course and effect on left ventricular function and prognosis.

Coronary artery aneurysms were found in 16 men between 37 and 62 years of age, mean 51 years. Aneurysms were of two types: saccular and fusiform. They involved the right coronary artery in 13 (87 per cent), the circumflex artery in eight (50 per cent) and the left anterior descending artery in five (31 per cent). In some patients, more than one vessel was involved. Twelve patients presented with angina pectoris, three with congestive heart failure and one with both. Five were in functional class II, eight were in class III and three were in class IV at the beginning of the study. The electrocardiogram showed evidence of previous myocardial infarction in four patients; four patients had left ventricular hypertrophy, one had left axis deviation, one had left bundle branch block, one had right bundle branch block, two had first degree atrioventricular block and seven had abnormalities in the S-T segment and T wave. Obstructive coronary disease was present in all; the obstruction score was from 1 to 4 in three patients, from 5 to 9 in four patients and from 10 to 14 in the remaining nine. Similar aneurysms were found in the pulmonary artery of one patient and in the abdominal aorta of three patients; in seven of 14 patients with adequate venous angiograms, varicosities of the coronary venous tree were observed. Left ventricular dysfunction and angina pectoris were noted in patients with significant obstructive coronary disease (greater than 70 per cent) and also in patients without obstruction but with coronary aneurysms. Ten patients were treated surgically; nine underwent aortocoronary bypass and one mitral valve replacement. Criteria for bypass was the presence of obstructive disease and medically unresponsive angina pectoris. All but one surgically treated patient showed improvement. The functional class in medically treated patients was unchanged. Fourteen patients were still alive at the completion of the study. The findings of this study suggest that angina pectoris and left ventricular dysfunction can occur with coronary artery aneurysm without coronary artery obstructions. Coronary aneurysms may be a subset of atherosclerosis, and this process may involve other vascular territories. The prognosis in those patients appears to be no worse than in patients with obstructive coronary disease and no aneurysms.     

Chest pain as a predictor of coronary artery disease in patients with obstructive aortic valve disease

To clarify the association between chest pain and significant coronary artery disease in patients who have aortic valve disease, 76 consecutive candidates for aortic valve replacement were evaluated prospectively with use of a historical questionnaire and coronary arteriography. Of the 76 patients, 19 (25 percent) had no chest pain, 21 (28 percent) had chest pain that was not-typical of angina pectoris and 36 (47 percent) had chest pain typical of angina pectoris. In 18 of 19 patients the absence of chest pain correlated with the absence of coronary artery disease. The single patient without chest pain who had coronary artery disease had evidence of an inferior myocardial infarction in the electrocardiogram. Thus, absence of chest pain and the absence of electrocardiographic evidence of infarction predicted the absence of coronary disease in all cases.

The presence of chest pain did not predict the presence of coronary artery disease, but the more typical the pain of angina pectoris the more likely were patients to have significant coronary artery disease. Of the 21 patients with atypical chest pain, 6 (29 percent) had coronary artery disease, but of the 36 patients with typical angina pectoris 23 (64 percent) had significant coronary artery disease. In addition, when patients with chest pain not typical of angina pectoris also had coronary artery disease, the diseased vessels usually supplied smaller areas of the left ventricle than when the pain was typical of angina pectoris. In 21 of 23 patients (91 percent) with typical angina pectoris and significant coronary artery disease, lesions were present in the left coronary artery. There was no systolic pressure gradient across the aortic valve that excluded the presence of coronary artery disease, although all patients with a calculated aortic valve area of less than 0.4 cm² were free of coronary artery disease. Patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction were more likely to have normal coronary arteries.     

老年糖尿病合并冠心病患者的冠状动脉病变与其临床症状及预后的关系

目的探讨老年糖尿病（DM）合并冠心病（CAD）患者的冠状动脉病变与其临床症状及预后的关系。方法对100例老年DM合并CAD患者（DM组）和102例老年非DM合并CAD患者（NDM组）的冠脉造影结果、Holter结果和随访期内所发生的心脏事件进行统计分析，分别记录各组的冠脉病变特点、24h心肌缺血特点、严重心律失常发生率和心脏事件发生率。结果DM组冠脉三支病变、弥漫性病变比例、血管狭窄数目明显高于NDM组（分别为42．0％对18．6％，P〈0．001、37％对23．5％，P〈0．05、3．51±1．64对2．10±1．12，P〈0．05）；其Holter结果显示：24h心肌缺血发作次数、ST段压低幅度、ST段压低总时间、缺血发作平均时间和严重心律失常发生率也明显高于NDM组[分别为（5．9±1．7）次对（3．2±0．9）次、（2．8±0．7）mm对（1．8±0．5）mm、（56．1±5．2）min对（33．4土2．8）min、（11．3±3．1）min对（6．2±1．8）min和54．0％对26．5％，P分别〈0．05、〈0．05、〈0．05、〈0．05和〈0．0013；Hoher记录到的心肌缺血发作时，临床发生典型心绞痛症状的比例DM组明显低于NDM组（为8．0％对19．6％，P〈0．05）；随访期内，DM组发生心脏不良事件的比率明显高于NDM组（10％对4．9％，P〈0．05）。结论老年DM合并CAD患者的冠脉三支病变比例明显高于NDM患者；Hoher监测到这类患者的心肌缺血发作次数、缺血程度、缺血持续的时间以及严重心律失常的发作次数也明显高于NDM患者，但临床上多缺乏典型的心绞痛症状，不易引起人们的重视；随访期内心脏事件的发生率高于NDM患者，提示预后不良。     

Comparison of coronary arteriographic and left ventriculographic findings in patients with single,double, and triple vessel disease and angina pectoris

The distribution and severity of coronary artery disease and degree of left ventricular dysfunction are described in 500 patients with single (103), double (119), and triple (278) vessel disease and angina pectoris. The coronary arterial patterns were divided into right (360), mixed (89), and left (51) systems, depending upon the blood supply to the inferior surface of the left ventricle. The following relationships were noted:

• (1) Coronary arterial patterns of right, mixed, and left systems do not influence the presence, distribution, or severity of coronary arterial lesions among patients with single, double, and triple vessel disease and angina pectoris.
• (2) Analysis of the distribution of lesions among patients with single and double vessel disease reveals that the circumflex/obtuse marginal arteries contribute least of the three major coronary arteries to angina pectoris.
• (3) Lesions of 70–90% reduction in coronary arterial luminal diameter are the most common, and 90–99% lesions are the least common. The latter are least stable among patients with both coronary artery disease and angina pectoris.
• (4) Quantitatively there is progression of both coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction as one moves from single to double and then to triple vessel disease. However, the pattern of coronary arterial lesions (50–70%, 70–90%, 90–99%, and 100% reduction of luminal diameter) and the pattern of left ventricular dyssynergy (hypokinesis, akinesis, and dyskinesis) are similar among the patients with single, double, and triple vessel disease and angina pectoris.

     

A natural history study of the prognostic role of coronary arteriography

Coronary cinearteriograms, clinical records, and left ventriculograms of 304 patients studied for evaluation of chest pain were reviewed. Clinical and follow-up data on survival of the normal subjects and the nonoperative group with abnormal arteriograms are presented.Ninety-two per cent of patients with typical angina pectoris had serious coronary occlusive disease. Ninety-eight per cent of patients with relatively normal coronary arteriograms survived for one to 60 or more months (mean follow-up period 24 months).There was a high mortality rate when the left main coronary artery was involved (47 per cent) and when the left coronary anterior descending branch was seriously occluded (28 per cent when arteriographic scores were high and 14 per cent when total scores were low) and a low mortality rate (0 to 7 per cent) when the LAD was normal. Mean follow-up interval in these groups was 19 months.The mortality rate was nearly three times greater when patients had QRS changes on ECG of prior myocardial infarction and six times greater when left ventricular contraction was significantly impaired.     

Clinical significance of preheparin serum lipoprotein lipase mass in normocholesterolemic patients with coronary artery disease

OBJECTIVES: Some normocholesterolemic patients have coronary artery disease (CAD) in Japan. This study evaluated the clinical significance of preheparin lipoprotein lipase mass as a risk factor for normocholesterolemic patients with CAD. METHODS: This study included 89 normocholesterolemic male patients with CAD (CAD group, 40 with stable organic angina pectoris, 19 with vasospastic angina pectoris, and 30 with acute myocardial infarction), and 13 normocholesterolemic males with normal coronary arteries (control group) with no stenotic lesion and negative reaction to intracoronary administration of acetylcholine. Preheparin lipoprotein lipase mass was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Coronary risk factors including preheparin lipoprotein lipase mass were compared between the two groups. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size and presence of midband were estimated by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. RESULTS: Mild hypertriglyceridemia and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterolemia were observed in the CAD group, and small particle size LDL and presence of midband were also common in the CAD group. Preheparin lipoprotein lipase mass level was significantly lower in the CAD group than the control group (52 +/- 18 vs 40 +/- 13 ng/ml, p = 0.005) as well as in each type of patient in the CAD group. Multiple regression analysis showed that small particle size LDL, low preheparin lipoprotein lipase mass and smoking were independent risk factors for CAD (p < 0.001, p = 0.007, p = 0.037). Low preheparin lipoprotein lipase mass concentration was observed in the small particle size LDL group and/or the midband positive group. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that low preheparin lipoprotein lipase mass reflects insulin resistance and may be deeply involved in the progression of coronary arteriosclerosis.     

Exercise tests,atrial pacing,and myocardial lactate extraction in relation to coronary arteriography in young patients with angina pectoris

An exercise ECG and atrial pacing with a simultaneous study of myocardial lactate metabolism were used in conjunction with coronary arteriographies for the examination of 33 women and 22 men aged 40 or below whose working capacity was impaired by angina pectoris. Most of the patients fell into the age group 36 to 40. The men with coronary changes had come for examination in a shorter time than other patients. Coronary artery narrowings were found in five women and six men. The findings in other tests were pathological with greater frequency in patients with coronary stenosis. When evaluated on the basis of coronary arteriograms, the exercise and lactate tests proved to be reasonably sensitive (66.6 per cent) and specific (56.3 per cent and 68.8 per cent) in men. In women the sensitivity was high (80 per cent), but the specifivicity low (exercise 35 per cent, pacing 14.3 per cent, and lactates 38.5 per cent, respectively). The pacing ECG was also highly unspecific in men (37.5 per cent). Seven patients gave totally normal findings. The examination did not identify any specific group of patients with changes as indicatives of a constitutional disease of the myocardium. The coronary changes indicated that even in this age it is proper to obtain arteriograms in patients with low working capacity even in the absence of any other changes that angina pectoris itself. There are more false-positive findings in women than in men in exercise tests, and in many situations arteriography assures the best basis for further measures.     

Aberrations in lipoprotein lipids in men with coronary artery disease and the influence of obesity, smoking and beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs

In this study 74 men, 40-60 years old, with incapacitating angina pectoris and angiographically verified coronary artery disease (CAD) were compared to an equal number of randomly sampled healthy men matched for age, occupation and place of living. Obesity and smoking were more common in patients than in controls. The patients had elevated cholesterol (C), triglycerides (TG), and phospholipid (PL) levels dependent on raised concentrations of these lipids in the VLDL and LDL. The C and PL levels in the HDL fraction were decreased. Obesity had a significant influence on the VLDL and HDL levels. Also after taking this influence into account, the CAD patients had higher VLDL and LDL levels and a lower HDL concentration than the controls. Furthermore, regardless of the influence of the TG concentration, the HDL level was reduced in the patients. Smoking habits had no significant influence on the lipoprotein levels. Treatment with beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs was not associated with any significant alteration of the VLDL or the HDL level. The results strengthen the importance of lipoprotein aberrations as risk factors for coronary heart disease also if observed in association with obesity, smoking and treatment with beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs.     

妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A与急性冠脉综合征相关性研究

目的对比冠心病不同亚组患者血清妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A(PAPP-A)表达的变化,并对PAPP-A与各临床指标进行相关性分析。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法测定不稳定型心绞痛病人(UAP,n=37),急性心肌梗塞病人(AMI,n=24),稳定型心绞痛病人(SAP,n=29),健康体检者(n= 32)的PAPP-A水平;同时测定病人及健康体检者的磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)、磷酸肌酸激酶同功酶(CK- MB)、肌钙蛋白(cTnI)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL)、血压、血糖水平,且对上述人群进行冠状动脉造影检查。结果PAPP-A在UAP、AMI病人比SAP、健康体检者显著升高(P<0.01),PAPP-A与hs-CRP水平呈正相关(P≤0.05),而与CK、CK-MB、cTnI没有显著相关性(P>0.05);与年龄、血脂、血糖、血压等冠心病危险因素,以及冠脉病变支数、冠脉狭窄程度无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论PAPP-A水平与动脉粥样硬化斑块的不稳定密切相关,可作为ACS新的生化指标用于临床的预测和诊断。     

Value of coronary bypass surgery. Controversies in cardiology: Part I.

The value of coronary bypass surgery has been studied carefully during the last decade. Four methods, none perfect, have been used to compare the results of such surgery with the results of medical therapy. New data are likely to be merely supportive rather than the outcome of a definitive study with a new and a acceptable experimental design. It is therefore time to analyze the available data in light of the treacherousness of the disease and to determine if a clear trend is evident. There appears to be sufficient evidence to state that properly performed coronary bypass surgery will increase coronary blood flow and relieve angina pectoris in 90 percent of patients; total relief of angina can be expected in 60 percent and partial relief in 30 percent. Compared with modern medical therapy, properly performed coronary bypass surgery appears to prolong the life of patients who have obstruction of the left main coronary artery or triple or double vessel disease. There is not adequate evidence to state that the procedure will prolong the life of patients with single vessel obstruction. However, patients with single vessel obstruction and unacceptable angina pectoris should be considered for bypass surgery (especially patients with obstruction of the left anterior descending coronary artery). In practice, at Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, bypass surgery is recommended for young people with few symptoms if compelling obstructing lesions are present and in older patients only if their symptoms require it. Medical therapy is given before and after bypass surgery. When bypass surgery is performed in an excellent fashion (operative risk 1 percent) a great deal of "controversy" about this problem vanishes.     

冠心病患者高敏C反应蛋白和脉搏波传导速度检测的意义

目的:探讨血清高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和脉搏波传导速度(PWV)对冠心病诊断及冠脉病变严重程度的预测价值。方法:入选114例冠脉造影阳性的心绞痛患者为冠心病组,50例冠脉造影阴性者为正常对照组。根据心绞痛类型冠心病组进一步分为稳定型心绞痛组(SAP组,50例)和不稳定型心绞痛组(UAP组,64例);又根据冠脉造影结果分为单支病变组(24例)、双支病变组(26例)和三支病变组(64例),并计算冠脉病变积分。测定各组患者hs-CRP和PWV,并将其分别与冠脉病变支数及积分进行相关性分析。结果:冠心病组的hs-CRP和PWV均显著高于正常对照组(P0.01),UAP组的hs-CRP和PWV均显著高于SAP组[(6.86±1.36)mg/L:(3.75±1.03)mg/L,(11.59±1.32)m/s:(9.60±1.75)m/s,P均0.05];双支病变组的hs-CRP和PWV较单支病变组明显升高[(5.32±1.17)mg/L:(3.05±0.95)mg/L,(10.51±1.23)m/s:(9.84±1.62)m/s,P均0.05],三支病变组的hs-CRP和PWV较双支病变组明显升高[(7.21±1.13)mg/L:(5.32±1.17)mg/L,(11.30±2.65)m/s:(10.51±1.23)m/s,P均0.05]。hs-CRP水平与冠脉病变支数、冠脉病变积分呈正相关(r=0.56,0.32,P均0.01);PWV与冠脉病变支数、病变积分呈正相关(r=0.29,0.37,P均0.01)。结论:联合检测血清hs-CRP和PWV对诊断冠心病、评价冠脉病变严重程度有一定价值。     

Pathophysiological role of oxidized low-density lipoprotein in plaque instability in coronary artery diseases

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is considered to play a key role in the genesis of inflammatory processes in atherosclerotic lesions. It has also been shown that LDL isolated from patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) has an enhanced susceptibility to oxidation. Recently, a sandwich ELISA method for measurement of plasma ox-LDL levels has been developed. To elucidate the role of ox-LDL in plaque instability in coronary artery disease, we measured the plasma ox-LDL levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and stable angina pectoris (SAP), and moreover assessed whether a relationship is present between plasma ox-LDL levels and DM. We also measured the plasma ox-LDL level in a patient who died of AMI, thus enabling us to study the presence of ox-LDL and CD 36, which is one of the ox-LDL receptors, in the culprit lesion. Plasma ox-LDL levels were measured in 210 patients (AMI: 70, UAP: 70, SAP: 70), and in 55 control subjects. Plasma ox-LDL levels in AMI patients were significantly higher than in UAP patients (P<.0001), SAP patients (P<.0001), or controls (P<.0001). In the UAP group, plasma ox-LDL levels in patients with DM were significantly higher than those without DM (P<.005). The autopsied patient who died of AMI revealed an increased plasma level of ox-LDL, and immunohistochemically, the culprit coronary lesion contained abundant macrophage-derived foam cells, showing distinct positivity for ox-LDL and CD 36. These results strongly suggest an important role for ox-LDL in the genesis of plaque instability in human coronary atherosclerotic lesions.