总胆红素与白蛋白比值对预测胆红素神经毒性价值的探讨

目的　探讨总胆红素 /白蛋白比值 (B/A)与脑干听觉诱发电位 (ABR)的关系及在预测胆红素神经毒性中的价值。方法　将 43例足月非溶血性高胆红素血症患儿 ,根据ABR表现分成A、B、C三组 ,比较三组患儿血清总胆红素 (TBC)、B/A的变化 ,分析B/A与ABR的相关性。结果　与A、B两组比较 ,C组TBC及B/A比值均明显升高 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ,B/A比值与ABR异常密切相关 (χ2 =7 76 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论　B/A比值是预测胆红素脑病的良好指标 ,对于足月高胆患儿B/A比值 >5 0× 10 -3 者应采取积极的治疗措施。     

新生儿胆红素脑病33例临床分析

目的探讨新生儿胆红素脑病的病因及临床特点。方法选择2006年1月至2010年1月我院新生儿科收治的重症新生儿高胆红素血症患儿,分为胆红素脑病组(脑病组)与非胆红素脑病组(非脑病组),比较两组患儿病因、临床特征、胆红素水平、胆红素/白蛋白比值(B/A)以及治疗转归。结果脑病组黄疸病因以溶血性因素占首位(48.5%),其次是感染因素(24.2%);非脑病组黄疸病因主要为溶血(69.7%)。脑病组总胆红素、B/A比值、入院日龄和黄疸持续时间均大于非脑病组[(555.2±113.9)μmol/L比(431.3±62.3)μmol/L,(0.87±0.17)比(0.67±0.11),(129.5±60.7)h比(53.0±22.6)h,(81.6±39.6)h比(34.2±15.8)h,P均<0.001]。胆红素脑病警告期与痉挛期患儿入院日龄、血清胆红素及B/A比值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。85%的胆红素脑病患儿预后不良。结论溶血与感染是新生儿胆红素脑病的主要原因,总胆红素浓度过高和干预延迟是引起胆红素脑病的高危因素。     

胆红素/清蛋白比值及脑干听觉诱发电位与胆红素神经毒性的相关性

目的 探讨高胆红素血症患儿血清总胆红素(TBIL)、总胆红素/清蛋白比值(B/A比值)与胆红素神经毒性的相关性,分析高胆红素血症患儿脑干听觉诱发电位(ABRs)中脑干功能损伤及听神经功能损伤敏感程度.方法 将91例足月高胆红素血症患儿根据ABRs结果分为A组(未见明显异常)、B组(仅脑干功能受损)、C组(仅听神经受损)、D组(脑干功能及听神经均受损),比较各组间TBIL、B/A比值的差异并分析二者与ABRs的关系.结果 A组与B组比较,TBIL差异无统计学意义(t=1.566,P＞0.05),B/A比值差异有统计学意义(t=1.898,P＜0.05);B组与C组TBIL、B/A比值比较差异均有统计学意义(tTBIL=2.372,PTBIL＜0.05;tB/A=2.794,PB/A＜0.01);A组与C组比较、A组与D组比较、B组与D组比较,TBIL比值差异均有统计学意义(t =2.452、3.328、2.256,P均＜0.05);A组与C组比较、A组与D组比较、B组与D组比较,B/A比值差异均有统计学意义(=2.571、4.680、2.657,P均＜0.05、0.01);C组与D组比较,TBIL、B/A比值差异均无统计学意义(tTBIL=0.705,PTBIL ＞0.05;tB/A=0.636,PB/A ＞0.05).TBIL、B/A比值的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)下面积分别为0.919、0.829.TBIL、B/A比值与ABRs有显著相关性(r=0.495、0.564,P均＜0.05).结论 B/A比值是预测足月儿胆红素神经毒性的良好指标,ABRs异常中脑干功能较听神经易受损.     

胆红素脑病与胆红素/血浆白蛋白比值关系探讨

目的探讨胆红素脑病与血清胆红素/血浆白蛋白比值(B/A)的关系。方法对2008年11月至2009年10月本院住院的高胆红素血症患儿进行回顾性总结,分为胆红素脑病组(病例组)与非胆红素脑病组(对照组),对住院期间的血清胆红素高峰值、血浆白蛋白以及B/A等因素之间的关系进行统计学分析。结果共收集到2253例高胆红素血症患儿,其中88例诊断胆红素脑病。病例组B/A为(1.59±0.47),对照组B/A为(0.80±0.28),差异有统计学意义(t=474.537,P=0.000)。B/A比值为0~1.0、1.1~2.0、2.1~3.0时,胆红素脑病发生率分别为0.5%、12.9%、69.2%。结论胆红素脑病的发生与B/A比值有关,B/A越高,发生胆红素脑病的危险性越大。     

血清S-100B蛋白在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病诊断中的价值

目的探讨血清S-100B蛋白水平在缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)新生儿早期诊断、病情进展中的价值。方法HIE组新生儿46例(轻度31例,中重度15例),健康对照组43例为健康足月新生儿。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测二组脐血和生后24h血清S-100B蛋白水平。结果1.健康对照组性别、出生体质量对脐血、24h血清S-100B蛋白水平无影响;2.健康对照与HIE组脐血血清S-100B蛋白水平分别为(1.03±0.32)和(2.53±1.1)μg/L,二组比较有显著性差异(t′=8.848P<0.05);轻度HIE组与中重度HIE组脐血血清S-100B蛋白水平分别为(2.06±0.65)和(3.49±1.23)μg/L,与健康对照组比较均有显著性差异(F=79.691P<0.01);3.健康对照与HIE组24h血清S-100B蛋白水平分别为(1.07±0.32)与(3.83±2.32)μg/L,二组比较有显著差异(t′=7.631P<0.05);4.轻度与中重度HIE组24h血清S-100B蛋白水平分别为(2.84±1.06)和(6.11±2.83)μg/L,与健康对照组比较均有显著差异(F=48.224P<0.01);5.HIE组脐血与24h血清S-100B蛋白水平呈显著正相关(r=0.6177P<0.001)。结论1.健康足月新生儿出生体质量及性别对血清S-100B蛋白水平无影响。2.脐血和24h血清S-100B蛋白水平均提示HIE的发生,且能反映其严重程度;脐血S-100B对早期预测HIE的发生更有意义。     

足月儿溶血性高胆红素血症与胆红素脑病的关系

目的　研究足月儿溶血性高胆红素血症所致胆红素脑病的高危因素及干预标准。方法　对 1996～ 1999年间患溶血性高胆红素血症足月儿 2 9例分为脑病组与无脑病组 ,比较两组的血清胆红素、间接胆红素 /白蛋白(B/A)比值、开始治疗时间等与胆红素脑病的关系及两组急性期与远期预后。结果　血清总胆红素 >36 7 99μmol/L ,尤为 >4 2 8 18μmol/L、B/A比值 >1、开始治疗时间 >4 8h ,均与胆红素脑病密切相关。脑病急性期与远期预后均差。结论　为防止发生胆红素脑病 ,对患溶血性高胆红素血症之足月儿 ,当总胆红素 2 5 7～ 32 4 μmol/L、B/A <1时 ,可仅做光疗 ;总胆红素 343～ 4 2 8μmol/L时 ,若B/A <1、开始治疗时间 <4 8h ,应光疗及输白蛋白 ,若B/A≥ 1,或开始治疗时 >4 8h ,应换血 ;当总胆红素≥ 4 2 8μmol/L时 ,无论B/A比值或开始治疗时间如何 ,均应迅速换血。     

脐血降钙素原对新生儿早发败血症诊断价值研究

目的观察脐血降钙素原(PCT)对新生儿早发败血症(EOS)的诊断价值。方法收集2016年1月至2016年10月于中国医科大学本溪中心医院住院并分娩的孕妇及其活产新生儿资料,记录母亲孕期及新生儿一般情况,将新生儿按照胎龄分为早产组和足月组,病例组分别记为早产EOS组和足月EOS组,并将同期住院相应胎龄无感染者分别作为早产和足月对照组。分别测定母亲脐血PCT、血白细胞(WBC)、C-反应蛋白(CRP);新生儿出生后动态测定血PCT、WBC、CRP,比较脐血PCT及各组新生儿血液学检测结果与EOS的关系。结果早产EOS组PCT[(7.82±6.60)μg/L]明显高于早产对照组[(0.29±0.15)μg/L,t=4.56,P0.001],足月EOS组PCT[(6.73±5.43)μg/L]明显高于足月对照组[(0.42±0.22)μg/L,t=2.85,P=0.036]。早产EOS组CRP(第3天)[(16.55±9.41)mg/L]明显高于早产对照组[(3.43±1.65)mg/L,t=5.56,P0.001],足月EOS CRP(第3天)[(22.66±9.07)mg/L]明显高于足月对照组[(3.96±1.71)mg/L),t=5.04,P=0.004]。EOS组与对照组在母亲年龄、母亲妊娠高血压疾病、妊娠期糖尿病、剖宫产、胎龄、婴儿性别、出生体重及胎次因素方面比较,差异无统计学意义。产前感染、产前抗生素应用、胎膜早破、羊水污染、出生窒息、发热或者体温不升、心率增快、呼吸暂停或者呼吸困难因素方面比较,EOS组明显高于对照组(P0.05)。足月儿EOS组血培养阳性率与早产儿血培养阳性率比较(χ~2=0.663,P=0.416),差异无统计学意义。结论脐血PCT可以早期预测新生儿EOS,对EOS有诊断价值。     

黄疸新生儿血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶和脑干听觉诱发电位变化及其临床意义

目的 探讨黄疸新生儿血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)与脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)的关系,评价NSE在预测黄疸新生儿听力损害的临床意义.方法 抽取119例新生儿外周血1 mL检测其NSE、胆红素/清蛋白质量比值(B/A)及总胆红素(STB)水平,将STB≥171.0 μmol/L患儿89例归为观察组(其中A组171.0～205.2 μmol/L,B组>205.2～256.5 μmol/L,C组>256.5～342.0 μmol/L,D组>342.0 μmol/L),STB<171.0 μmol/L患儿30例为对照组;同期检测并追踪观察组新生儿BAEP,受试者工作特征曲线(ROCC)分析NSE、STB、B/A与BAEP相关性.结果 观察组NSE水平(15.94±4.73)μg/L及异常率(61.8%)明显高于对照组[(8.75±2.71)μg/L,3.3%](Pa=0),随着STB上升,NSE水平逐渐升高(P=0);NSE、STB、B/A的ROCC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.844、0.511、0.589,具有显著性差异(Pa=0);以NSE=14.36μg/L作为预测听力损害标准的敏感性为86.0%,特异性为66.7%,明显高于血清STB、B/A(P=0).结论 血清NSE与BAEP异常改变相关性高,具有较好的预测听力损害的临床价值.     

S-100B蛋白动态变化对窒息新生儿脑损伤诊断价值的研究

目的 探讨S-100B蛋白水平动态变化对早期诊断新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)的价值.方法 选择2009年5月至2011年5月我院新生儿重症监护病房收治的窒息新生儿为病例组,同期随机选取我院出生的40例健康新生儿为对照组,分别于生后6h内、(72±6)h取血检测血清S-100B蛋白水平,并与7天内最终确诊HIE的程度进行对照分析.结果 轻度窒息组和重度窒息组生后6h内血清S-100B蛋白水平均高于对照组[(0.40 ±0.24) μg/L、(0.89±0.34) μg/L比(0.28 ±0.14) μg/L],重度窒息组高于轻度窒息组,P均＜0.01.生后72 h,轻度窒息组已恢复至对照组水平(P＞0.05),重度窒息组仍高于轻度窒息组[(0.44±0.21) μg/L比(0.26±0.10) μg/L,P＜0.01].窒息合并颅内出血患儿生后6h内、72 h血清S-100B蛋白水平均高于重度窒息组[(2.61±1.08) μg/L比(0.89±0.34) μg/L,(1.64±0.71) μg/L比(0.44±0.21) μg/L,P＜0.01].生后6h内血清S-100B蛋白水平诊断HIE的敏感度及阴性预测值分别为97.4％、97.7％,但特异度及阳性预测值较低.生后72 h血清S-100B蛋白水平诊断HIE的特异度及阳性预测值均为100％,但敏感度及阴性预测值较低.故以6h内血清S-100B蛋白水平作为HIE初筛指标可以减少漏诊,结合72 h血清S-100B蛋白水平可以提高中重度HIE的诊断特异度.结论 动态监测新生儿窒息后72 h内血清S-100B蛋白水平可作为早期评价脑损伤的敏感指标,为HIE的早期诊断及干预治疗提供客观依据.     

测定脑脊液胆红素含量在新生儿胆红素脑病中的诊断价值

目的探讨脑脊液(CSF)中未结合胆红素(UCB)水平在胆红素脑病中的诊断价值.方法对胆红素脑病组、母乳性黄疸组、对照组同时测定CSF中UCB、血中UCB和白蛋白水平,比较各组间CSF中UCB水平以及其与血中UCB、未结合胆红素/白蛋白比值(B/A)之间的相关性.结果胆红素脑病组CSF中UCB达(13.69±2.82)μmol/L明显高于其他两组;三组CSF中UCB与血中UCB无相关性;而CSF中UCB与B/A在胆红素脑病组与对照组呈正相关,在母乳性黄疸组二者无相关性.结论CSF中UCB可作为胆红素脑病诊断可靠指标;B/A作为胆红素毒性指标较血UCB更有意义.     

宫内窘迫与产时窒息对新生儿甲状腺功能的不同影响

目的 探讨宫内窘迫和产时窒息对甲状腺功能的影响.方法 将近5年我院儿科诊治的宫内窘迫及产时窒息新生儿分为宫内窘迫组(B组,87例)、产时窒息组(C组,36例)和宫内窘迫+产时窒息组(D组,75例),选择同期出生的正常新生儿为对照组(A组,30例).均采用放射免疫分析法检测血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)和促甲状腺素(TSH)水平.结果 A、B、C、D4组血清T3、T4及TSH的水平分别为(0.86±0.22)μg/L、(0.62±0.21)μg/L、(0.46±0.19)μg/L、(0.54±0.19)μg/L;(125.13±36.37)μg/L、(107.46±32.21)μg/L、(74.60±26.52)μg/L、(102.23±30.29)μg/L;(6.28±1.96)mIU/L、(4.91±1.69)mIU/L、(8.66±2.02)mIU/L、(5.64±1.17)mIU/L.B、C、D组血清T3、T4水平明显低于A组,差异均有显著性(P<0.01,P<0.05).D组TSH水平较A组无明显变化,B组较A组降低,C组较A组升高,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01).结论 宫内窘迫与生后窒息均可使新生儿血清T3、T4水平降低,宫内窘迫者出生后TSH多降低,产时窒息者TSH多升高.     

Urinary S-100B concentrations in term and preterm infants at risk for brain damage

BACKGROUND: Elevated serum concentrations of S-100B, a 21-kDa protein expressed in astroglial cells, has been used to assess cerebral damage after head trauma, infection, ischemia, and perinatal asphyxia. OBJECTIVE: As S-100B is eliminated by the kidneys, we investigated the feasibility of measuring S-100B in urine of newborns with severe perinatal asphyxia, and in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants at risk for neurodevelopmental impairment. METHODS: We first analyzed urine samples of 8 term or near-term newborns without major medical problems, followed by urine samples of 2 term newborns with severe birth asphyxia, and finally urine samples of 8 VLBW (gestational age 24-28 weeks) infants collected every 4 h for up to 10 days. RESULTS: Urinary S-100B concentrations in 8 term or near-term newborns without major medical problems were consistently <1 microg/l. In 2 term newborns with severe asphyxia (Apgar 0/0/0 and 0/2/4) who subsequently had widespread cerebral damage on magnetic resonance imaging, peak urinary S-100B concentrations on the first day of life were 28.1 and 28.4 microg/l, respectively. In 5/8 VLBW infants, urinary S-100B was> microg/l in samples obtained on the first day of life (range 1.2-44.9 microg/l, median 6.8 microg/l). Peak S-100B in urine samples collected during the first 12 h of life were negatively related to gestational age (R(s)=-0.882, p=0.009). Three of the 8 preterm infants had peak urinary concentrations>0 microg/l but neither ultrasound signs of brain damage nor neurodevelopmental delay at 1 year corrected age. CONCLUSIONS: The determination of urinary S-100B concentrations might be helpful in term infants with severe asphyxia, while high urinary S-100B concentrations in preterm infants are to be attributed to immaturity.     

高胆红素血症早产儿血清胰岛素样生长因子-1水平的变化及其临床意义

目的 探讨高胆红素血症(高胆)早产儿血清胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平的变化及其临床意义.方法 应用电化学发光免疫法检测64例高胆早产儿(实验组)和20例非高胆早产儿(对照组)血清IGF-1、神经元烯醇化酶(NSE)水平,同步测定其血清总胆红素(TSB)水平,并比较组间IGF-1、NSE、TSB水平的差异及其相关性.高胆组按TSB170～256μmol·L-1,257～342μmol·L-1,＞342μmol ·L-1分为轻、中、重3组.结果 轻、中、重高胆早产儿血清IGF-1水平分别为(25.38±5.42)μg·L-1、(21.77±8.65)μg·L-1、(18.34±4.05)μg·L-1,较对照组[(27.14±3.72)μg·L-1]明显降低,轻、中、重高胆组间IGF-1水平存在统计学差异(Pa＜0.01),其值随着胆红素水平变化而变化;高胆组NSE水平分别为(25.01±2.26)μg·L-1、(30.45±2.74)μg·L-1、(33.76±5.02)μg·L-1,明显高于对照组[(11.14±4.68)μg·L-1](P＜0.01),各组间差异均有统计学意义(Pa＜0.01);血清IGF-1水平与TSB、NSE均呈负相关(r=-0.562、-0.503,Pa＜0.01).结论 IGF-1与高胆早产儿的预后密切相关,可作为判断高胆早产儿是否存在脑损伤的生化指标之一.     

脑白质损伤早产儿血清髓鞘碱性蛋白和S1OOB蛋白的变化及与预后的关系

目的 探讨脑白质损伤( periventricular leukomalacia,PVL)患儿血清髓鞘碱性蛋白(myelin basic protein,MBP)及S100B蛋门(S100B protein,S100B)的动态变化及其与患儿预后的关系.方法 对2007年11月至2008年7月我院住院的78例PVL早产儿(PVL组)和43例正常早产儿(正常对照组),分别在其生后第1、3、7、14天测定血清中MBP及S100B含量.30例正常早产儿及69例PVL患儿出院后每3个月随方1次,直至纠正胎龄至1岁,用Gesell发育量表测定其智力以及运动发育情况.结果 (1) PVL组患儿血清MBP于生后第1天升高[(7.61±1.78) μg/L]、第3天达峰值[( 14.53±3.12) μg/L],后随病情好转,逐渐降低;与正常对照组比较,PVL组患儿在生后第1、3、7、14天血清MBP水平均明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.05).(2) PVL组患儿血清S100B水平在生后第1、3、7天明显升高[(3.82±0.68),(4.41±0.91),(5.78±1.54) μg/L],第7天达峰值,与正常对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);至生后第14天时,S100B明显降低,两组比较已无明显差异(P＞0.05).(3) PVL组患儿生后第7天血清S100B、MBP持续升高者,随访至1岁时其发育商比生后第7天血清S100B及MBP明显下降者落后;也明显落后于正常早产儿(P＜0.05).结论 PVL患儿生后血清MBP及S100B水平与病情严重程度相关.如患儿血清MBP及S100B持续升高超过7d,则发育商明显落后,预后不良.     

Urinary tract infection in very low birth weight preterm infants

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in preterm neonates ranges between 4 and 25%. The need for a radiologic investigation has not yet been established in very low birth weight premature newborns (<1500 g birth weight). PATIENTS AND METHODS: For an 11-year period (1990 to 2001), medical records of 62 very low birth weight premature infants admitted to a Level III neonatal intensive care unit and who developed UTI were reviewed retrospectively. Results of renal ultrasound and voiding cystourethrograms were compared between extremely low birth weight infants (birth weight, <1000 g) (Group A, Patient 34) and premature infants with birth weight between 1001 and 1500 g (Group B, Patient 28). RESULTS: UTI was more common in Group A (12.2%) than in Group B (5.7%) infants. Renal ultrasound detected mild renal pelvic dilatation (unilateral or bilateral) in 9 infants in Group A (26%) and in 1 infant in Group B (3.5%). Voiding cystourethrograms were performed in 26 of 34 (76%) infants in Group A and in 17 of the 28 (61%) premature infants in Group B. Vesicourethral reflux (VUR) was observed in 6 infants, 2 in group A (7.7%) and 4 in Group B (23%). CONCLUSIONS: We found that the rate of VUR was lower in very low birth weight premature newborns than that reported in the medical literature among term newborns who developed UTI. VUR was less frequent in extremely low birth weight infants who developed UTI than in infants weighing 1001 to 1500 g.     

液态奶喂养对早产儿营养状况的影响

研究液态奶喂养对胎龄＜ 36周早产儿营养状况的影响,并对早产儿喂养方式提出建议。方法2009年11月至2010年5月收住我科治疗的符合标准的95例早产儿研为究对象,将其分为两组,分别应用足月儿配方奶粉喂养（48例）及早产儿液态奶喂养（47例）,观察在达到全肠道营养前后两组早产儿的体质量、身长及头围增长速度,并作组间比较...     

影响早产儿20项行为神经评分的危险因素分析

目的 分析早产儿20项行为神经评分(NBNA)特点,探讨影响早产儿NBNA的危险因素.方法 应用新生儿20项行为神经评价方法对我院274例纠正胎龄40周的早产儿进行评定,按NBNA评分分为NBNA正常组(n=221)和NBNA异常组(n=53).回顾早产儿出生史、母亲孕产期情况、新生儿期原发疾病住院情况及检查结果,分析影响早产儿NBNA评分的可能危险因素.结果 两组患儿在胎龄、出生体质量、头围、身长、Apgar评分,复苏时间、住院时间、达完全胃肠营养时间方面比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);多胎、肺透明膜病、出血性和缺氧性脑损伤、严重感染、低血糖、高胆红素血症、慢性肺疾病的发生率两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而性别、产前使用激素、贫血、低血压及听觉通路异常情况两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).窒息、低出生体质量、肺透明膜病、出血性和缺氧性脑损伤、严重感染、高胆红素血症、反复低血糖及慢性肺疾病是影响早产儿NBNA评分的危险因素.结论 早产儿生后虽纠正胎龄足月,但在行为能力和主动肌张力方面得分仍低.低Apgar评分、低出生体质量、肺透明膜病、出血性和缺氧性脑损伤、严重感染、高胆红素血症、反复低血糖及慢性肺部疾病与早产儿NBNA评分密切相关.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the characteristic of twenty-item premature behavioral neurological assessment,and to assess the risk factors of neonatal behavioral neurological assessment(NBNA) in premature infants. Methods Total two hundred and seventy-four premature infants hospitalized in Guangzhou Children's Hospital were assessed with the NBNA after correcting age 40 weeks,premature infants were divided into two groups:normal group (n =221 ) and abnormal group (n =53) according to NBNA. The birth history, mother pregnancy situation, the disease during neonatal period and results in hospital were reviewed,and the risk factors of NBNA in premature infants were assessed. Results There were significant differences in gestational age, birth weight, head circumference, body height, Apgar score, resuscitation time, hospitalization time and total gastrointestinal nutrition time between the two groups( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The incidences of superfoetation,hyaline membrane disease, hemorrhagic and hypoxic brain injury, severe infection, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoglycemia and chronic lung disease were different between the two groups( P ＜ 0. 05 ). There were no differences in gender, antenatal hormone use, anaemia, hypotension and evoked potential abnormality (P ＞0. 05 ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of NBNA score in premature infants would include low Apgar score, low birth weight, hyaline membrane disease, hemorrhagic and hypoxic brain injury, severe infection, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoglycemia and chronic lung disease. Conclusion Although the premature infants corrected age 40 weeks,but the capability and initiative muscular tension are still lower than term infant. Low Apgar score, low birth weight, hyaline membrane disease, hemorrhagic and hypoxic brain injury ,severe infection ,hyperbilirubinemia,hypoglycemia and chronic lung disease are important risk factors related to premature behavioral neurological assessment.     

早产儿黄疸早期干预的临床观察

目的探讨早期干预早产儿黄疸的疗效和对肠外营养及体质量增长的影响。方法174例早产儿，出生体质量1500～2000g者（A组）87例，出生体质量〈1500g者（B组）87例，分别按常规干预和早期干预分组。常规组血清总胆红素（TSB）达干预推荐方案的标准时光疗，早期组于出现黄疸，但TSB未达干预标准即光疗。结果A、B组的早期组胆红素峰值（PSB）均低于常规组[A组：（209．48±38．99）umol／L和（266．59±37．11）umol／L，B组：（180．23±31．63）umol／L和（243．68±37．45）umol／L，P均〈0．05]；早期组与常规组相比黄疸消退日龄早[A组：（14．5±4．4）d和（18．0±3．8）d，B组：（10．8±3．0）d和（18．8±5．5）d，P均〈0．05l，脂肪乳起始日龄早fA组：（5．8±2．7）d和（8．1±3．7）d，P〉0．05；B组：（3．8±1．8）d和（9．2±4．4）d，P〈0．05]，恢复出生体质量日龄早[A组：（13．1±6．0）d和（14．4±4．0）d，P〉0．05；B组：（9．3±4．8）d和（15．4±5．6）d，P〈0．05]。结论早期干预可以使早产儿尤其是极低出生体重儿PSB降低，黄疸持续时间缩短，利于早期添加脂肪乳和早产儿体质量增长。     

早期营养支持策略对早产儿生长和代谢的影响

目的 探讨早期营养支持策略对早产儿生长和代谢的影响.方法 回顾性分析我院2005-2007年(A组82例)和2008-2010年(B组82例)出生体重≤1800 g、无先天畸形、住院2周以上、存活出院早产儿的临床资料,比较两组出生时一般情况、肠内外营养摄入、体格增长及血生化指标.结果 与A组相比,B组早产儿应用氨基酸、脂肪乳剂更早[氨基酸:(1.8±0.4)天比(2.1±0.9)天,脂肪乳:(2.2±0.6)天比(2.6±1.6)天],起始剂量更高[氨基酸:(1.4±0.5)g/(kg·d)比(0.8±0.3)g/(kg·d),脂肪乳:(0.9±0.2)g/(kg·d)比(0.6±0.3)g/(kg·d)],且开奶时间早(1天比2天),肠内热卡达到100 kcal/(kg·d)的日龄更早(20天比25天),第7天摄入奶量明显增多(45 ml/天比22 ml/天),母乳喂养及混合喂养率明显增加(56.1%比40.0%),肠外营养时间缩短(24天比27天),体重和身长增长速度更快[体重:(22.6±3.3)g/(kg·d)比(18.6±4.4)g/(kg·d),身长:(1.1±0.6)cm/周比(0.8±0.4)cm/周],出院时宫外生长迟缓发生率降低(58.5%比72.0%),住院时间缩短(30天比35天),血白蛋白、前白蛋白、尿素氮、血磷水平明显增高[白蛋白:(34.2±2.8) g/L比(31.8±2.9)g/L,前白蛋白:(112.0±25.0)mg/L比(89.0±19.0)mg/L,尿素氮:(4.1±2.1)mmol/L比(3.3±1.8)mmol/L,血磷:(2.0±0.5) mmol/L比(1.8±0.5)mmol/L],总胆汁酸和碱性磷酸酶明显降低[总胆汁酸:(25.1±19.7)μmol/L比(38.6±25.2)μmol/L,碱性磷酸酶:(315.4±120.0)U/L比(471.1±202.3)U/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 早期更积极的营养支持策略能促进早产儿的生长,减少宫外生长迟缓的发生,缩短住院时间,改善营养状况.     

Relationship between serum bilirubin and coagulation test results in 1-month-old infants

Objective: Although the connection between cholestasis and conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is well known, mild hepatic dysfunction or cholestasis may also be associated with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in some infants with prolonged jaundice. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum bilirubin levels and alanine aminotransferase levels, asparte aminotransferase levels, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and international normalization ratio findings in a group of infants.Methods: The study included 77 healthy, term, breast-fed infants with jaundice and 56 age-matched, healthy, term, non-jaundiced controls. The 133 babies were divided into three subgroups according to their total bilirubin levels [group I (controls) <50 μmol/L, group II=50–100 μmol/L, and group III >100 μmol/L, and the findings for the noted parameters were compared].Results: The mean conjugated bilirubin level was significantly higher, and the mean activated partial thromboplastin time significantly longer in group III than in group I. A significant positive correlation was found between bilrubin levels and PT and APTT results.Conclusion: Clinical vitamin K deficiency appeared unlikely to develop in this group of infants with prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. However, a significant positive correlation between bilirubin levels and PT and APTT suggest that a higher bilirubin load to the liver may cause some degree of vitamin K deficiency due to mild cholestasis. The importance of this finding, and the possible benefits of vitamin K supplementation in 1-month-old breast-fed infants with bilirubin levels higher than 100 μmol/L require further investigation.