Gamma钉、PFN及PFNAR治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效分析

目的观察探讨Gamma钉、股骨近端髓内钉(PFN)、股骨近端髓内钉-螺旋刀片(PFNAR)在治疗股骨粗隆间骨折治疗中的应用和疗效。方法将86例股骨粗隆间骨折分成三组,分别行Gamma钉、PFN、PFNAR内固定治疗,术后随访6～17个月,平均13个月。结果Gamma钉组平均手术时间(90±16)min,术中平均出血量(261.0±0.9)ml,平均骨折愈合时间13周,Merled’Aubigne评分:优17例,占71,良5例,占21,差2例。PFN组平均手术时间(75±15)min,术中平均出血量(192.0±1.2)ml,平均骨折愈合时间13周,Merled’Aubigne评分:优36例,占72,良11例,占22,差3例。PFNAR组平均手术时间(50±10)min,术中平均出血量(150.0±0.8)ml,平均骨折愈合时间12.5周,Merled’Aubigne评分:优9例,占75,良2例,占16,差1例。手术时间,术中出血量组间比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。骨折愈合时间,Merled’Aubigne评分组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论各种固定有其自身特点,PFNAR是目前治疗股骨粗隆间骨折最牢固的髓内固定方式,尤其适用于不稳定骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折。     

微创股骨近端锁定加压钢板治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折

目的探讨微创锁定加压钢板(LCP)治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法应用股骨近端LCP内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折21例,骨折按AO分类:A1型8例,A2型9例,A3型4例。结果切口长度4～6cm,手术时间40～75min,术中出血50～200ml。21例获3～14个月随访,骨折愈合时间2～4个月,无髋内翻、骨不连和内固定失效。结论微创股骨近端LCP治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折创伤小,固定可靠,有利于老年患者全身状况和肢体功能恢复。     

DHS和PFN在老年股骨粗隆间骨折中的治疗选择

目的探讨DHS和PFN在老年股骨粗隆间骨折中的治疗选择和临床疗效。方法对61例老年股骨粗隆间骨折行手术治疗，其中DHS固定16例，PFN固定45例。比较两组术中和术后多项相关指标并行统计学分析。结果术后1～2年的随访，与内固定相关并发症DHS组1例，PFN组1例。两组的平均手术时间、术中失血量和术后引流量有显著统计学差异。术后3～5个月骨折均愈合，髋关节无疼痛且功能恢复良好。结论根据股骨粗隆间骨折的类型以及股骨近端的解剖结构，合理选择内固定，DHS和PFN治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折可以获得相同良好的临床效果，但PFN手术创伤较小，更适用于高龄患者。     

闭合复位加长型股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨粗隆间骨折

目的探讨闭合复位加长型股骨近端防旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA)内固定治疗股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法 2010年1月~2013年1月采用闭合复位加长型PFNA内固定治疗股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨粗隆间骨折12例。股骨粗隆间骨折按Evans分型,Ⅰ型10例,Ⅱ型2例。股骨干骨折按AO分型,A1型2例,B1型1例,B2型2例,B3型4例,C1型2例,C3型1例。术中利用牵引架闭合复位股骨干骨折,通过提拉钉纠正旋转及分离移位,再复位股骨粗隆间骨折,在C形臂X线机透视引导下,于大粗隆顶点打入导针,根据股骨髓腔大小插入合适直径的PFNA主钉,近端打入螺旋刀片,远端静态锁定。结果手术时间62~155 min,平均86.4 min。术中出血量80~240 ml,平均92.3 ml。11例随访6~24个月,平均12个月:均获得骨折愈合,股骨粗隆间骨折愈合时间8~12周,平均10周,股骨干骨折愈合时间16~36周,平均24周;无螺旋刀片切割、退出,髋内翻畸形及下肢短缩等并发症;按髋关节功能评分:优9例,良1例,可1例,优良率90.9%(10/11)。结论闭合复位加长型PFNA内固定治疗股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨粗隆间骨折,操作简单,固定可靠,是股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨粗隆间骨折的理想内固定物。     

三种内固定方式治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折疗效分析

目的 探讨DHS联合拉力螺钉、PFN、空心拉力螺钉三种不同内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果.方法 对76例老年股骨粗隆间骨折采用手术治疗,其中DHS联合拉力螺钉42例,PFN16例,空心拉力螺钉18例.比较手术时间、术中出血量、下地负重时间、骨折愈合时间、Harris评分等指标.结果 随访7～34个月,空心拉力螺钉手术时间、术中出血量明显少,PFN治疗下地时间明显早于其他两组(P<0.05),DHS联合拉力螺钉固定牢固术后并发症少.结论 稳定型、顺股骨粗隆间骨折应选择DHS治疗.粉碎性、不稳定或反股骨粗隆、粗隆下骨折选择PFN治疗.高龄、体质弱的老年股骨粗隆间骨折选用空心拉力螺钉内固定.     

锁定钢板与股骨近端髓内钉治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折

目的探讨锁定钢板(LPFP)与股骨近端髓内钉(PFN)内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的手术方法与疗效。方法64例老年股骨粗隆间骨折,按内固定方法分为LPFP组(33例)和PFN组(31例)。术后定期摄X线片,并对关节功能进行Harris评分。结果两组骨折愈合时间和术后1年Harris评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论锁定钢板与股骨近端髓内钉都是治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的好方法,两者疗效无明显差异。     

髓内钉固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床分析

目的 探讨髓内固定系统治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效.方法 采用髓内钉固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折261例,其中Gamma钉95例,PFN钉99例,Gamma3钉35例,PFN-A钉32例.记录手术时间、出血量(术中出血量+术后引流量)、骨折愈合时间及内固定相关并发症.髋关节功能评定采用Harris评分.结果 本组随访6～24个月,平均9个月.发生并发症14例,其中Gamma钉组8例、PFN钉组6例,Gamma3钉组和PFN-A钉组无并发症.统计学分析出血量、骨折愈合时间及髋关节功能评分,4组间差异无统计学意义(P＜0.05).4组手术时间差异有统计学意义,其中PFN-A组手术时间最短(77.0±11.8)min,PFN组手术时间最长(82.5±10.3)min.PFN组手术时间与Gamma3、PFN-A组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 应用髓内固定系统治疗股骨粗隆间骨折具有良好的临床效果,应根据患者骨折类型、骨质情况选择内固定物,严格规范术中操作,避免手术并发症的发生.     

DHS和PFN治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨分析股骨粗隆间骨折两种内固定的手术疗效。方法收治股骨粗隆间骨折110例,给予DHS内固定术42例(DHS组)和PFN内固定术68例(PFN组),年龄35～89岁,平均为72.3岁。结果所有病例平均随访15.6个月(3个月～2年),DHS组骨折平均愈合时间10周(7～13周),骨折全部愈合,无骨感染发生,疗效:优28例,良8例,差6例,优良率85.7%。PFN组骨折平均愈合时间9周(7～12周),骨折全部愈合,无骨感染发生,疗效:优52例,良15例,差1例,优良率98.5%。结论PFN是治疗股骨粗隆间骨折较牢靠、有效的内固定方式,其具有生物学固定、手术创伤小、操作简单、固定牢靠、抗旋转性强、骨折术后并发症少的特点。     

股骨近端钉治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折

目的探讨股骨近端钉(proximalfemoralnail,PFN)治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法2001年10月~2003年9月,采用PFN治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者62例,其中男42例,女20例。年龄60~92岁,平均67.3岁。均在伤后1周内施行手术。记录每例患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术中并发症、术后切口引流量、术后并发症、骨折愈合时间及髋关节功能评分等相关数据,并与文献进行比较,对该治疗方法进行评价。结果术后均随访8~22个月,平均13.6个月。2例发生术中股骨粗隆骨折部再骨折,2例术后分别死于脑栓塞和肺部感染,2例发生异位骨化,1例发生髋内翻,1例发生股骨头过度前倾,其余患者皆获满意疗效。手术时间76.5±29.1min,术中平均出血量385.7±98.4ml,术后切口引流量45.5±21.7ml,骨折愈合时间13.2±3.8周;参照Sanders髋关节创伤后的功能评分标准,术后髋关节功能恢复优良率达89.6%。结论PFN具有手术时间短、出血少且固定牢靠的优点,适用于老年股骨粗隆间骨折的治疗。     

股骨近端加压锁定钢板治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折

目的探讨股骨近端加压锁定钢板治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法 2007年12月至2009年12月股骨近端加压锁定钢板治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折35例,男16例,女19例;年龄73～92岁,平均76.5岁。手术时间为受伤后2～7 d,平均3 d。结果 33例获得随访,时间9～26个月,平均12.6个月,骨折全部愈合,愈合时间10～16周,平均12.3周。根据Sanders髋关节创伤后功能评分,本组病例术后疼痛（8.45±1.26）分,行走（8.58±1.36）分,功能（8.69±1.15）分,运动肌肉力量（8.35±1.25）分,日常生活（8.76±1.17）分,X线评价（8.69±1.28）分。按Sanders髋关节创伤后功能评分评定,优17例,良14例,差2例。结论股骨近端加压锁定钢板治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折具有方法简单、固定稳定、出血少等优点,是治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的较好方法。     

股骨头毁损三联征:股骨头骨折-脱位合并股骨颈骨折

股骨头合并同侧股骨颈骨折是一种严重而复杂的创伤,保髋手术大多会失败。其治疗的难点及预后的关键在股骨颈骨折上。鉴于股骨颈骨折的发生与股骨头骨折-脱位之间存在明显的、前后关联的贯序特点,笔者认为以股骨头毁损三联征（disastrous triad of femoral head,DTFH）来概括这种类型的损伤,更能反映其损伤机制和预后特点。结合临床观察和文献资料,DTFH可分为3个类型：Ⅰ型,普通型DTFH,股骨颈骨折的发生紧随于股骨头骨折-脱位之后,是同一暴力造成的损伤;Ⅱ型,医源型DTFH,是在股骨头骨折-脱位的诊疗过程中发生了医源性股骨颈骨折;Ⅲ型,应力型DTFH,发生于股骨头骨折-脱位的治疗之后,在股骨头骨折面的远侧缘发生应力性股骨颈骨折。本文对各型DTFH的临床特点进行了初步的讨论。     

Distal femoral allograft for massive proximal femoral deficiency

Background?Although indomethacin is effective in preventing heterotopic ossification (HO) after primary total hip arthroplasty, side effects are frequently observed. In the last decade a new class of drugs—the COX-2 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs—has been developed. To investigate the effect of these COX-2 selective NSAIDs on heterotopic ossification (HO) after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), we conducted a randomized controlled trial using either indomethacin or rofecoxib for 7 days.

Methods?186 patients received either indomethacin 3 times daily, or rofecoxib twice, and 1 placebo, daily for 7 days. HO was graded according to the 1-year postoperative radiographs according to the Brooker classification.

Results?12 of the 186 patients included discontinued their medication before the end of the trial due to side effects. The remaining 174 patients were included in the analysis. In the indomethacin group (n = 89), 77 patients (87%) showed no HO, 9 showed HO of grade 1 and 3 showed HO of grade 2 according to the Brooker classification. In the rofecoxib group (n = 85) 73 patients (86%) showed no ossification, 9 showed grade 1, and 3 showed grade 2.

Interpretation?The prophylactic effect of rofecoxib for 7 days in preventing heteropic ossification after primary total hip arthroplasty is comparable to the effect of indomethacin given for 7 days. These results indicate that the development of HO follows a COX-2 pathway.     

Simultaneous proximal femoral rotational and distal femoral varus osteotomies for femoral retroversion and genu valgum

Whereas excess femoral anteversion and its related symptoms have been described many times, excess femoral retroversion is less well documented. We report the case of a 30-year-old woman who had a history of chronic bilateral hip and knee pain and evidence of excess femoral retroversion, genu valgum, early-onset lateral and patellofemoral compartment osteoarthritis of both knees, and hip arthritis. She experienced symptomatic relief after undergoing staged bilateral simultaneous proximal femoral rotational and distal femoral lateral opening wedge osteotomies. Although this combination of alignment problems is not an infrequent clinical occurrence, we have found no literature on this condition or treatment. The patient provided written informed consent for print and electronic publication of this case report.     

Proximal femoral nail for treatment of trochanteric femoral fractures

PURPOSE: To report outcomes of 87 consecutive patients treated with a proximal femoral nail (PFN) for trochanteric femoral fractures. METHODS: 17 men and 70 women aged 58 to 95 (mean, 85) years with trochanteric femoral fractures underwent PFN fixation using an intramedullary nail, a lag screw, and a hip pin. Fractures were classified according to the AO system; the most common fracture type was A2 (n=45), followed by A1 (n=36) and A3 (n=6). The position of the lag screw within the femoral head was measured. The lateral slide of the lag screw after fracture consolidation was measured by comparing the immediate postoperative and final anteroposterior radiographs. RESULTS: 90% of lag screws were placed in an optimal position. The length of lateral slide of the lag screw in stable A1 fractures was significantly less than that in unstable A2 fractures; it was over 10 mm in 7 of 45 patients with A2 fractures. Cut-out of lag screw did not occur, suggesting that free sliding of the lag screw facilitates direct impaction between fragments. CONCLUSION: A PFN is useful for the treatment of trochanteric femoral fractures.     

股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死

简要叙述股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死的早期诊断和坏死预测等的最新进展。为使骨折后骨坏死尽量减少，早期手术和关节穿刺减压，避免髋关节放置在伸直及内旋位是必要的，建议屈曲位牵引。应用Gd-DTPA增强MRI T1脂肪浸润扫描，可预测股骨头坏死的可能性。建议将股骨头坏死分为静息型骨坏死和临床型骨坏死．