Laryngocele - A Case Report and Review of Literature

This is case report of 35-year old male patient presented with hoarseness and swelling on left side of neck. The swelling was noticed by the patient for 8 months. It has been diagnosed clinically and radiologically as a combined laryngocele. The laryngocele has been successfully excised using and combined approach i.e., external and endoscopic methods. This case has been reported for its rarity at this age.     

Myxoid Liposarcoma of the Oral Cavity: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Liposarcomas very rarely affect the oral cavity; in such cases the cheek is typically involved. Differential diagnosis between lipoma and other sarcomas is sometimes challenging because the macroscopic and histological features may be difficult to distinguish. Neoplasms with the morphology of lipoma should always receive a careful postoperative histopathologic evaluation. Complete surgical excision is the most effective treatment. We present a case of myxoid liposarcoma of the cheek, together with a literature review of intraoral liposarcomas reported during the last 60 years.     

Carcinoid Tumors in the Middle Ear:a Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction Middle ear carcinoid tumor (MECT) is a rare formof neoplasm. Since the first case of MECT was reportedby Murphy et al. in 1980 (Murphy et al, 1980), therehave been only forty-six cases of MECT reported in theliterature (Ramsey et al, 2005), with only three cases re-ported in China (Feng et al, 2001; Zhang et al, 2005;Chan et al, 2005). We present here a case of primaryMECT, which was initially diagnosed as inflammatoryaural polyp. The literature is reviewed. Clinical,his…     

Nasopharyngeal Hamartoma: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

The uncommon benign developmental malformation, nasopharyngeal hamartoma, is reported with a review of the literature. Nasopharyngeal hamartoma can be divided into two types based on the histologic presentation. A more common type is composed predominantly of mesodermal tissues while a less common type, as reported in this study, is composed of a spectrum of mucosal epithelial, serous/mucinous gland, and stromal elements. Four additional cases of this less common type of nasopharyngeal hamartoma were found in the literature and are discussed with reference to age, sex, presenting symptoms, location, size, and histology.     

Angiosarcoma of the Submandibular Salivary Gland: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Objective The purpose of this report is to describe an example of angiosarcoma (AS) of the submandibular salivary gland. The clinical and immunohistopathologic features of these lesions are also reviewed.

Material and Methods A 17-year-old male high school student was admitted to our clinic with a 1-year history of a slow-growing, tender mass in the left submandibular region. Physical examination on initial presentation revealed a diffuse soft tissue mass 6 cm in diameter involving the left submandibular region. MRI analysis revealed a mass located superolateral to the submandibular salivary gland, measuring 4.0 x 2.0 cm². The mass was excised completely together with the left submandibular salivary gland. Histopathologic analysis led to a diagnosis of AS. Immunohistochemical studies were also used to determine endothelial cell differentiation. Owing to the lateralized nature of the lesion, a left functional neck dissection was performed and postoperative radiotherapy was planned.

Results AS is a malignant tumor of endothelial cell origin that may occur in any region of the body. The commonest sites include the extremities and the retroperitoneal space, with only 4% of AS tumors arising in the head and neck area. The submandibular salivary gland is an extremely rare location for this tumor. Based on a literature review, this case report represents only the second reported case of AS of the submandibular salivary gland.

Conclusion In most cases, radical surgery and postoperative radiotherapy are advocated to treat patients with AS tumors, with lymph node clearance recommended in cases of lateralized lesions In some patients, distant metastasis may occur after many years, which necessitates long-term follow-up. The prognosis is poor in most cases of AS.     

Cemento-ossifying Fibroma of Maxillary and Sphenoid Sinuses: Case Report and Literature Review

We report a case of cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) involving the maxillary and sphenoid sinuses and review the literature in order to study the clinical features, imaging findings and histopathologic characteristics of COF. Special care was taken to distinguish this lesion from cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD). It is almost inevitable that differential diagnosis of COD and COF will be complicated by the fact that some pathologic features are shared by both lesions. A combined study incorporating clinical, radiographic and pathologic findings is important in order to ensure an accurate diagnosis. Postoperative follow-up is essential, especially in cases where incomplete removal of the COF was performed.     

Round Cell Sarcoma with EWSR1-PATZ1 Gene Fusion in the Neck: Case Report and Review of the Literature

EWSR1-PATZ1 is a rare gene fusion recently recognized to occur in round and spindle cell sarcomas. To date, fewer than 20 cases have been described in the literature. However, no dedicated case reports have detailed its presentation in the head and neck region. We recently cared for a 52-year-old woman with an isolated, single right level 5A cervical mass. Excisional biopsy at an external hospital revealed pathology results consistent with EWSR1-PATZ1 polyphenotypic round and spindle cell sarcoma. The patient subsequently underwent surgical excision of the tumor and right neck lymph node dissection followed by adjuvant chemoradiation. Laryngoscope, 2020     

Cervical Thymic Cyst: Case Reports and Review of the Literature

Due to its rarity, cervical thymic cyst is seldom included in the differential diagnosis of a neck mass. Approximately 80 cases have been reported thus far, and most of these cases have occurred asymptomatically in children and adults. Only 5 cases have involved patients younger than 1 year of age. The authors report four new patients with thymic cyst in the neck. Two of the patients were newborns in whom the cyst caused airway obstruction and dysphagia. All four patients underwent successful resection of the lesions, with complete resolution of symptoms. The embryology, histopathology, and differential diagnosis of cervical thymic cysts are also reviewed. The authors recommend that despite its infrequent occurrence, cervical thymic cyst should be considered in the evaluation of neck masses in children.     

经外耳道水下耳内镜修复先天性内耳畸形伴脑脊液耳漏1例并文献复习

目的探讨先天性内耳畸形并脑脊液耳漏患者的外科手术治疗方法。方法对1例先天性内耳畸形并伴有脑脊液耳漏患者采用经外耳道径路常规耳内镜鼓室探查再改用水下耳内镜行脑脊液耳漏填塞修补术。结果手术探查见镫骨底板有缺失漏口,用自体脂肪和颞肌及肌筋膜填塞内耳,封闭前庭窗,1次手术修补成功。术后随访5个月未见有脑脊液耳漏及脑膜炎复发。结论采用水下耳内镜修复内耳畸形伴脑脊液耳漏是有优势的手术方式。     

双黄连口服液与雷尼替丁用于口腔溃疡治疗的临床疗效观察

目的口腔溃疡以双黄连口服液及雷尼替丁治疗的效果。方法将84例口腔溃疡患者随机分为研究组与对照组,对照组雷尼替丁治疗,研究组联合双黄连口服液治疗,对比疗效。结果研究组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论口腔溃疡以双黄连口服液及雷尼替丁治疗效果理想。     

“My Dog Deafened Me!”: Case Report of Capnocytophaga canimorsus Infection and Literature Review

Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection is an emerging zoonotic disease that could cause meningitis and subsequent sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), especially in the immunocompromised population. It is a gram‐negative rod that belongs to the normal oral flora of dogs and cats and may be transmitted to humans by biting or licking. Our case report and literature review showed that this postmeningitic SNHL has distinct features from common bacterial meningitis‐related SNHL. We therefore discuss the diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive aspects of this uncommon cause of SNHL. Because it is now the second‐most common dog‐bite transmitted pathogen, otolaryngologists are more likely to encounter this zoonotic disease and should be aware of its characteristics. Laryngoscope, 129:41–43, 2019     

Relationship of Periodontal Status and Dental Caries Status with Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior among Professional Students in India

Aim To find the relationship of periodontal status and dental caries status with oral health knowledge, attitude, behavior, among professional students in India.
Methodology In a cross sectional study, a total of 825 students （males： 577, females： 248） fi＇om six professions were surveyed using a self administered structured questionnaire including 41 multiple choice questions and the WHO Oral Health Assessment Form （1997）. The data was analyzed using the SPSS version 13.0 to perform the Student＇s t-test, ANOVA test, Scheffe＇s test and Chi-square test, linear regression analysis.
Results The mean percentage scores of the students for knowledge were 53.25 ±15.05; for attitude 74.97±20.48; and for behavior 59.09 ±18.77. The percentage of students with calculus score was found to be significantly high （43.8%）. The percentage of professional students with DMFT〉4 was 14.1% and the percentage of students with decayed teeth was 46.2%. The regression analysis showed that the oral health behavior of the students was dependent on the attitude （P〈0.001）, but showed no significant linear relation with the knowledge. Also, that the mean DMFT score was dependent on the oral health behavior （P〈0.05）, but showed no significant relationship with the knowledge and attitude of the students. The periodontal status was independent on the knowledge, but showed a significant relationship with attitude and behavior of the students.
Conclusion A positive attitude and adherence to good oral hygiene behaviors is associated with better oral health.     

小儿咽喉炎使用复方芩兰口服液的治疗效果研究

目的探讨小儿咽喉炎采用复方芩兰口服液治疗的临床疗效。方法选取2019年10月至2020年12月在我院治疗的小儿咽喉炎68例作为研究对象,按照治疗方法的不同分成观察组和对照组各34例,对照组采用磷酸奥司他韦颗粒治疗,观察组采用复方芩兰口服液,比较两组患儿临床疗效、临床症状消失时间、免疫功能指标、炎性因子水平的影响情况。结果在临床疗效上,观察组明显高于对照组(P<0.05);在临床症状消失时间上,观察组明显短于对照组(P<0.05);在免疫功能指标方面,两组治疗后CD3⁺、CD4⁺较治疗前均有明显上升(P<0.05),治疗后CD8+均明显下降(P<0.05),观察组治疗后CD3⁺、CD4⁺明显高于对照组(P<0.05),CD8+明显低于对照组(P<0.05);在炎性因子水平上,两组治疗后较治疗前均有明显下降(P<0.05),观察组治疗后明显低于对照组(P<0.05)结论小儿咽喉炎采用复方芩兰口服液治方式有明显效果,能够改善患儿的临床症状,提高免疫功能,减少炎症反应,值得临床推广。     

Oral microbiota and host innate immune response in bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw

Bacterial biofilms have emerged as potential critical triggers in the pathogenesis of bisphosphonate（BP）-related osteonecrosis of the jaw（ONJ） or BRONJ. BRONJ lesions have shown to be heavily colonized by oral bacteria, most of these difficult to cultivate and presents many clinical challenges. The purpose of this study was to characterize the bacterial diversity in BRONJ lesions and to determine host immune response. We examined tissue specimens from three cohorts（n530）; patients with periodontal disease without a history of BP therapy（Control, n510）, patients with periodontal disease having history of BP therapy but without ONJ（BP, n55） and patients with BRONJ（BRONJ, n515）. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction（PCR）-amplified 16 S r RNA gene fragments revealed less bacterial diversity in BRONJ than BP and Control cohorts. Sequence analysis detected six phyla with predominant affiliation to Firmicutes in BRONJ（71.6%）, BP（70.3%） and Control（59.1%）. Significant differences（P,0.05） in genera were observed, between Control/BP, Control/BRONJ and BP/BRONJ cohorts. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）results indicated that the levels of myeloperoxidase were significantly lower, whereas interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were moderately elevated in BRONJ patients as compared to Controls. PCR array showed significant changes in BRONJ patients with downregulation of host genes, such as nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing protein 2, and cathepsin G, the key modulators for antibacterial response and upregulation of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, proteinase 3 and conserved helix–loop–helix ubiquitous kinase. The results suggest that colonization of unique bacterial communities coupled with deficient innate immune response is likely to impact the pathogenesis of ONJ.