拇指背侧皮神经营养血管蒂岛状皮瓣修复拇指指端缺损

目的探讨拇指背侧带皮神经营养血管蒂岛状皮瓣修复拇指指端缺损的临床效果。方法利用带拇指桡背侧或尺背侧皮神经营养血管蒂岛状皮瓣修复拇指指端软组织缺损12例。结果12例皮瓣全部成活,经6～24个月随访,拇指外形和功能恢复良好。结论拇指背侧皮神经营养血管蒂岛状皮瓣具有操作简单、成活率高、外形恢复满意等优点,是修复拇指指端缺损的理想方法。     

吻合静脉及神经的拇指尺背侧皮神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣修复拇指指端缺损

目的 介绍一种拇指末节指端缺损修复的改进方法.方法 应用拇指尺背侧皮神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣转移修复拇指末节指端缺损患者19例,并应用静脉吻合,改善皮瓣的静脉回流,同时行皮神经缝合重建皮瓣感觉.结果 术后皮瓣全部存活,随访6～24个月,拇指外形和功能满意.结论 拇指尺背侧皮神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣是修复拇指末节指端缺损的较好方法之一.     

拇指背侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复拇指远端缺损

目的:介绍拇指背侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复拇指远端缺损的方法及临床疗效。方法:2011年2月~2014年2月,共接收21例拇指远端缺损患者,采用拇指背侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣逆转修复,全厚皮片植皮皮瓣供区。结果:术后21例皮瓣、皮片全部存活。随访6~18个月,拇指外形良好,皮瓣两点辨别觉为8~12mm。结论:采用拇指背侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复拇指远端缺损,手术简易,设计灵活,成功率高,不必寻找指定动脉,不损伤供区主干血管,血管蒂长,切取面积大,皮瓣内带有皮神经,术中可与缺损区的神经断端吻合,利于恢复保护性感觉,是修复拇指软组织缺损的理想方法。     

掌背皮神经营养血管筋膜蒂皮瓣修复拇指皮肤软组织缺损

目的 探讨掌背皮神经营养血管筋膜蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复拇指皮肤、软组织缺损的临床疗效.方法 采用皮神经营养血管筋膜蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复拇指皮肤软组织缺损32例.以第一掌骨背侧皮神经为轴线,设计并切取筋膜蒂皮瓣,将皮瓣逆行转移修复拇指皮肤软组织缺损;供区直接缝合或游离植皮覆盖创面.结果 本组共32例患者.30例皮瓣Ⅰ期修复,其中6例术后出现表皮下淤血及水泡,2例皮瓣远端边缘部分表浅坏死,均经换药处理后愈合,皮瓣血运良好.随访2～12个月,皮瓣弹性、质地良好,外形饱满.皮瓣两点辨别觉:Ⅰ期吻合神经者为6～11 mm,未吻合神经者为8～ 18 mm.结论 应用掌背皮神经营养血管筋膜蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复拇指皮肤软组织缺损,是一种简单、成活率高、疗效满意的手术方法.     

皮神经营养血管逆行皮瓣修复手部软组织缺损

目的 探讨以指动脉或尺动脉远端皮穿支为蒂的皮神经营养血管逆行皮瓣,修复手部软组织缺损的手术方法 和临床疗效.方法 根据缺损部位的不同,分别对32例手部皮肤软组织缺损进行修复,其中采用指动脉背侧穿支蒂指神经背侧支逆行皮瓣5例,拇指动脉背侧穿支蒂的拇尺背侧皮神经营养血管逆行皮瓣15例,指动脉指蹼穿支蒂的手背皮神经营养血管逆行皮瓣7例,尺动脉腕上皮穿支蒂的前臂内侧皮神经营养血管逆行皮瓣修复5例.皮瓣切取面积为1.9 cm×2.0 cm～7.0 cm×10.0 cm.在修复指腹软组织缺损的患者中,将皮瓣中的皮神经与受区掌侧指神经缝合12例.结果 除1例皮瓣远端部分静脉回流障碍外,其余皮瓣均存活.术后随访时间为3个月～4年,皮瓣外形满意,手功能恢复良好.12例缝合指神经者,皮瓣两点分辨觉为10～12 mm.结论 穿支蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣手术简便,血供可靠,可重建感觉功能,是修复手部创面的良好方法.     

拇指背侧皮神经营养血管逆行皮瓣的临床应用

目的 总结拇指背侧皮神经营养血管逆行皮瓣转移修复拇指远端皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果与体会.方法 应用拇指背侧皮神经营养血管逆行皮瓣修复拇指远端皮肤软组织缺损23例.结果 20例完全成活,3例因静脉回流障碍而部分坏死.结论 本组皮瓣易切取、损伤小,不牺牲主干动脉,供区多可直接闭合,是修复拇指远端特别是桡侧皮肤软组织缺损的良好方法.     

前臂后皮神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣在拇指再造中的应用

目的探讨前臂后皮神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣在拇指严重缺失再造中的临床应用疗效。方法采用前臂后皮神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣对9例拇指严重缺失患者的（其中Ⅴ度6例,Ⅵ度3例）手部皮肤缺损进行修复,重建虎口,同时完成拇指再造。结果9例再造拇指及皮瓣全部成活,均获3～18个月随访,再造拇指功能及皮瓣外形良好,按中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定：优2例,良4例,可2例,差1例。结论前臂后皮神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣质地良好,切取安全、简便,不需吻合血管,成活率高,利用它修复严重拇指缺失再造中的手部皮肤缺损并重建虎口．可较好地恢复拇指的外形与功能。     

第一掌指背皮神经营养血管蒂皮瓣修复拇指皮肤软组织缺损

外伤致拇指远端皮肤软组织缺损较常见。自2002年2月至2006年5月,我院采用带拇指桡背侧或尺背侧皮神经营养血管蒂皮瓣修复拇指远端皮肤软组织缺损创面16例,皮瓣全部成活,其中7例行皮神经与拇指固有神经外膜吻合后,2-PD:6～9mm,未行神经吻合的大部分恢复了保护性感觉,     

拇指背侧皮神经营养血管逆行皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损

目的探讨吻合神经的拇指背侧皮神经营养血管逆行皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损的临床效果及并发症的防治。方法利用拇指背侧皮神经营养血管逆行皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损23例,11例将皮瓣内皮神经与受区内指神经外膜吻合,以重建受区感觉。结果23例皮瓣手术,22例皮瓣成活,1例皮瓣远端部分坏死。6例皮瓣远端出现张力性水泡,经积极处理后缓解。术后随访4～24个月,1例发生嵌甲,2例出现虎口轻度挛缩,成活皮瓣质地良好,手部外形与功能恢复满意,皮瓣恢复保护性感觉。结论该皮瓣手术操作简单,皮瓣外形好,可恢复部分感觉,是修复拇指软组织缺损的理想皮瓣。     

前臂及拇背侧皮神经营养血管蒂岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨前臂及拇背侧带皮神经营养血管蒂岛状皮瓣临床应用的适应证。方法利用以前臂外侧皮神经营养血管为蒂的岛状皮瓣修复拇指末节脱套伤2例,带拇背桡侧皮神经营养血管蒂岛状皮瓣及尺背侧皮神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复拇指掌侧软组织缺损10例。皮瓣切取面积2cm×3cm～7cm×11cm。结果11例皮瓣全部成活,1例前臂外侧皮神经皮瓣因切取面积较大导致远端部分坏死。结论以前臂皮神经营养血管为蒂的岛状皮瓣适用于拇指末节脱套伤,但皮瓣长度不应超过11cm;拇背侧皮瓣宽度较小,仅适宜修复拇指较小面积的软组织缺损。     

Flexion deformities of the thumb: clasped thumb and trigger thumb

Congenital clasped thumb in palm corresponds to a spectrum of anomalies leading to a loss of thumb extension and abduction. Intrinsic muscles and skin shortening are not infrequent. Conservative orthopedic treatment should be undergone as soon as possible. When this treatment fails, or when patients are seen late, surgical correction has to be customized according to the involved structures. The trigger thumb is 10 times more frequent than the trigger finger. It is bilateral in 30% of the cases. The term "congenital" remains unclear as several investigations on newborns have not evidenced trigger thumb. In children, it is very rare to find a real trigger and presentation consists in a fixed flexion deformity of the interphalangeal joint. Diagnosis is clinical, with a palpable nodule at the level of T1 pulley. Conservative treatment, consisting in a nocturnal splint, is indicated before the age of two years old. After this age, or in case of failure of splinting, surgery will be needed.     

Triphalangeal thumb

Triphalangeal thumb is often thought to be a rare congenital abnormality; it has an incidence of 1 in 25,000 births. We reviewed 49 triphalangeal thumbs in 28 Mexico City patients at the Diaz Lombardo Hospital from 1974 to 1979, Shriners Hospital from 1979 to 1982, Instituto Nacional de Ortopedia from 1981 to 1982, and at the ABC Hospital from 1971 to 1998. A total of 21 patients (75%) had bilateral deformity. Patients were classified according to Dieter Buck-Gramcko system and Müller teratologic line. All were surgically treated and evaluated with Cheng graduation scale, finding good results in 48 patients (97%), fair results in one (3%), and no poor results.     

Skier's thumb

Over a period of 9 years (1979-1988), more than 1000 patients have been seen in the Department of Hand Surgery with a tentative diagnosis of skier's thumb or a painful metacarpophalangeal of the thumb. Most injuries were treated conservatively, but 562 operations on the ulnar collateral ligament were done during this period. An X-ray Film was taken in all cases to exclude a fracture. The indications for an operation depend on the clinical symptoms. Swelling, pain just over the ulnar collateral ligament, and instability of the joint with a widening of the ulnar aspect of the joint of more than 30 degrees in comparison to the other hand are typical clinical symptoms, which together with the widening in the flexion position, prove a rupture of the collateral ligament. As part of our standard examination we take X-ray films of the hand in two projections to exclude a fracture, followed by abducted stress views in comparison to the other side. The best results were obtained when surgical therapy was performed within the first 8 days. Fractures of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb were operated on by pin wire fixation of the bone fragment in the anatomically correct position along with temporary transarticular pin wire arthrodesis. In ligamentous ruptures, periostal sutures together with a temporary arthrodesis were carried out. Old injuries without sufficient regeneration of the ligament and capsule necessitated plastic surgery using the long pulmar tendon or a PDS wire. In each case the joint was immobilized with a cast for 5-6 weeks, followed by active physiotherapy.     

Mallet thumb

The uncommon injury of mallet thumb is described, with four case reports. In diagnosis the condition must be distinguished from dropped thumb. Operative treatment is advised which, in this small series, gave excellent results.     

Rheumatoid thumb

The hand is the main tactile sensory organ and is uniquely designed for fine motor activities. Any deviation from the normal architecture or limitation from a painful condition may lead to disability. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is fundamentally an inflammatory disease of the soft tissues. Deformities of the thumb arise from abnormal stretching of ligament and capsular structures as well as from ruptures and subluxations of the tendons. This article provides an overview of the types of deformities associated with, and surgical management of, RA of the thumb.