嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶活性和外源性透明质酸吸收率对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的研究

目的:探讨嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶(PNP)活性和外源性透明质酸(HA)吸收率对大鼠肝脏低温保存及常温缺血再灌注损伤的作用。方法:将大鼠肝脏在UW﹑Celsior和HTK3种不同保存液中低温保存16、24h后,用37°CKrebs-Henseleit液连续循环灌注90min,分别于不同灌注时间检测灌洗液中PNP活性和外源性HA吸收率的变化。结果:低温保存16h和24h,UW和Celsior组再灌注60min与15min比较,PNP活性明显增高(P<0.05),而HTK组再灌注30min则显著增高;低温保存16h,UW和Celsior组再灌注60min与15min比较外源性HA吸收率明显下降(P<0.05),而HTK组再灌注30min出现外源性HA吸收率明显下降;低温保存24hUW组再灌注60min外源性HA吸收率明显下降,而Celsior和HTK组30min即出现外源性HA吸收率明显下降。结论:PNP和HA吸收率可作为评价肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的指标。     

SMO保存液对犬肾低温保存期间Na~+-K~+ ATPase的影响

目的:研究SMO保存液对犬肾低温保存期间Na+-K+ATPase的影响。方法:建立犬离体肾脏单纯低温保存模型,对照组用0~4℃HTK保存液和UW保存液对供肾进行灌注和保存,试验组用0~4℃自制SMO保存液对供肾进行灌注和保存,分别于24、48、72h后取皮质标本,进行组织病理学观察及检测Na+-K+ATPase的活性。结果:SMO液组所见组织病理学改变,48h和72h比HTK液组轻,在各时间点与UW液组基本相似。Na+-K+ATPase活性,保存各时点,SMO液组与UW液组无明显差异;保存24h和48h,SMO液组与HTK液组无明显差异;保存72h,SMO液组Na+-K+ATPase活性明显高于HTK液组,存在明显差异。结论:SMO保存液在减轻细胞形态学改变和减缓Na+-K+ATPase活性下降方面显著优于HTK保存液,与UW保存液相当。     

上海多器官保存液保存离体大鼠肝脏的实验研究

目的:观察上海多器官保存液(Shanghai-mutil-organ solution,SMO液)对离体大鼠肝脏的保存效果,探讨应用SMO液保存离体供肝的可行性.方法:SD大鼠随机分为SMO液、UW液和HTK液保存组,建立离体肝脏单纯低温保存模型,保存液保存8、16、24、36 h分析肝脏组织能量代谢情况,观察肝组织形态学改变和肝脏细胞凋亡情况.结果:保存16、24、36 h,SMO液组肝组织三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、磷酸腺苷总量(TAN)及Atkinson能荷(AEC)均明显高于同时点HTK液组 (P＜0.05),与同时点UW液组无显著差异;形态学检查见SMO液组组织损伤较同时点HTK液组轻,除细胞肿胀较同时间点UW液组明显外,其余表现基本一致.保存24、36 h,SMO液组凋亡指数明显低于HTK液组(P＜0.05),而与UW液组无明显差异.结论:SMO液对大鼠离体肝脏的保存效果总体上与UW液相当,优于HTK液,仅在防止细胞水肿方面较UW液稍差.     

三种肝保存液低温保存生物人工肝用C3A细胞的效果比较

目的比较UW液、Celsior液和HTK液4℃常规低温保存生物人工肝用C3A细胞的效果。方法制备好的C3A细胞悬液分以下3组:UW液保存组(UW液组);Celsior液保存组(CS液组);HTK液保存组(HTK液组)。各组细胞于4℃低温保存72 h后,分别测定细胞存活率及死亡率(流式细胞术),丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)及乳酸释放,尿素合成功能及清蛋白分泌功能。结果 UW液及Celsior液比HTK液显著提高了4℃低温保存72 h的C3A细胞的存活率(78.56%±4.67%vs 76.03%±3.53%,60.54%±3.18%,P<0.05);抑制了C3A细胞低温保存时ALT释放及乳酸的释放(P<0.05);更好地维持C3A细胞尿素合成功能[(0.52±0.11)mmol/L vs(0.51±0.06)mmol/L,(0.32±0.05)mmol/L,P<0.05]和清蛋白分泌功能[(1.79±0.26)g/L vs(1.75±0.21)g/L,(1.20±0.17)g/L,P<0.05]。UW液同Celsior液4℃低温保存C3A细胞的效果无差异。结论同HTK液相比,使用UW液或者Celsior液4℃保存C3A细胞可以明显的提高复温后细胞存活率,降低低温损伤引起的ALT释放和乳酸释放,有效的保护肝细胞尿素合成功能和清蛋白分泌功能。     

乌拉坦增强延长离体大鼠心脏的低温保存效果

目的：观察乌拉坦对延长离体大鼠心脏的低温保存作用.方法：成年雄性SD大鼠分为两组（n=6）：对照组：HTK保存液; 试验组：HTK保存液加乌拉坦（30mmol/L）.心脏分别置入两种保存液4℃下保存6和18h.采用Langendorff心脏灌注装置进行保存前及保存后再灌注30min时心脏功能测定,比较心脏功能恢复率、ATP含量、细胞凋亡和超微结构变化.结果：低温保存后实验组左室功能恢复率较对照组明显升高,细胞凋亡及超微结构损伤较对照组减轻; 保存18h后实验组ATP含量显著高于对照组.结论：乌拉坦加入HTK心脏保存液能够显著增强离体大鼠心脏的低温保存效果.     

UW液、Celsior液和HTK液低温保存生物人工肝用L-02细胞的效果比较

目的 比较UW液、Celsior液和HTK液4℃常规低温保存生物人工肝用L-02细胞的效果。方法 制备好的L-02细胞悬液分以下3组：UW液保存组（UW液组）;Celsior液保存组（CS液组）;HTK液保存组（HTK液组）。各组细胞于4℃低温保存72h后,分别测定细胞存活率及死亡率（流式细胞术）,ALT及LDH释放,尿素合成功能及白蛋白分泌功能。结果 UW液较Celsior液和HTK液显著提高了4℃常规低温保存保存72h的L-02细胞的存活率[(60.05 ± 4.23)% vs (50.12 ± 3.99)%、(44.20 ±4.67)%],均P<0.05;降低了细胞死亡率[(39.95±4.23)%vs (49.88 ±3.99)%、(55.80%±4.67)%], 均P<0.05;抑制了ALT、LDH释放(均P <0.05);更好地维持了L-02细胞尿素合成功能[ (1.03 ± 0.23)mmol/L vs (0.80± 0.14)mmol/L、(0.48± 0.05)mmol/L]和白蛋白分泌功能[(8.36 ±1.38 )mg/L vs (6.41±1.25)mg/L、(5.19±0.41)mg/L), 均P<0.05。结论 同Celsior液和HTK液相比,使用UW液4℃常规低温保存L-02肝细胞可以明显的提高复温后细胞存活率,降低低温损伤引起的ALT、LDH释放,有效的保护肝细胞尿素合成功能和白蛋白分泌功能,但保存时间不应超过72h。     

含二氮嗪的Celsior液和HTK液对移植鼠心脏超时低温保存效果的分析

目的评价含二氮嗪的Celsior液和HTK液对移植鼠心长时间低温保存的效果。方法将32只同种系雄性SD大鼠随机分为Celsior液组和HTK液组，每组8对。采用改良Heron法大鼠颈部异位心脏移植术建立模型。供体麻醉抗凝后，4℃ stanford停搏液灌注心脏停跳，制备离体鼠心，保存于4℃两种不同保存液中10h。之后移植于受体，成功复跳后观察1h，留取标本并测定心率（HR）、心肌含水量（MWC）、心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnⅠ）、心肌酶谱[乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、磷酸肌酸激酶（CK）]，并观察心肌超微结构。结果两组大鼠心脏复跳后均跳动有力、心律齐，与Celsior液组比较，HTK液组大鼠HR明显较慢（P〈005），cTnⅠ、LDH及CK含量明显较高（P〈005），但MWC并无明显变化（P〉0．05）。心肌超微结构显示，Celsior液组大鼠心肌结构清楚，肌纤维排列较整齐，肌节清晰，偶见肌丝溶解；线粒体肿胀不明显，嵴结构相对清楚。HTK液组大鼠心肌结构尚清楚，肌纤维疏松，个别区域肌丝肌节溶解，线粒体轻度肿胀，嵴排列尚整齐，偶有空泡变性。结论含二氮嗪的Celsior液和HTK液低温长时间（10h）保存离体心脏均具有良好的心肌保护效作用，而且相对于HTK液，Celsior液的保存效果更好，可作为临床上心脏移植手术中心脏保存的一种有效的方法。     

肝移植3种器官保存液的比较研究

目的 比较UW液、Celsior液和HTK液时移植供肝灌注保存的效果.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月～2004年3月施行的成人首次肝脏移植且术前诊断为良性肝病者263例,根据所采用的灌注保存液分为lAW液组(161例)、Celsior组(45例)和HTK组(57例),3组患者年龄、性别及原发病分布,术前肝功能指标及分级,肝移植术式及供肝冷,热缺血时间差异均无显著性,比较3组患者术后早期移植肝功能指标、血管及胆道并发症发生率和移植物存活率.结果 3组患者肝移植术后早期血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶和γ-谷氨酰转肽酶差异均无显著性;UW液组术后第7天血清总胆红素(117.4±96.3)μmol/L高于Celsior组[(85.1±77.9)μmol/L,P=0.047]和HTK组[(86.5±82.6)μmol/L,P=0.033];HTK组术后即刻凝血酶原时间(21.9±5.8)s低于UW液组[(24.8±6.2)s,P=0.004]和Celsior组[(26.4±7.0)s,P=0.0011;HTK组凝血酶原时问峰值(24.0±5.2)s低于Celsior组[(27.5±6.1)s,P=0.002].UW液组发生移植肝原发无功能2例(1.2%),但组间差异无显著性(P=0.528).3组患者术后血管并发症、胆道并发症及排斥反应发生率和再次移植率差异均无显著性.移植物1年及3年存活率分别为:UW液组80.7%和73.9%,Celsior组91.1%和82.2%,HTK组94.7%和80.7%,存活时间差异无显著性(P=0.099).结论 UW液、Celsior液和HTK液对移植供肝灌注保存的效果差异无显著性.     

HTK液和UW液对大鼠原代心肌细胞冷保存的保护作用

目的 研究HTK液和UW液对体外培养的大鼠原代心肌细胞冷保存中的保护作用。方法 体外培养大鼠原代心肌细胞，分别用生理盐水，UW液和HTK(液在0℃-4℃保存心肌细胞6h、8h、10h、12h。检测保存液的AST和LDH-L，台盼蓝染色法计算心肌细胞的生存率。结果 UW液组和HTK液组的AST和LDH-L均比生理盐水组极显著低下，心肌细胞的生存率则极显著的高于生理盐水组。而在12h时，HTK液组的AST和LDH-L显著低于UW液组，心肌细胞的生存率在8h和10h也明显高于UW液组。结论 HTK液和UW液均对体外培养的大鼠原代心肌细胞的冷保存有明显的保护作用。而HTK液相对于UW液更能延长对心肌细胞的冷保存时间。     

不同灌注方式对供肝质量的影响

目的探讨不同的灌注方式对供肝质量的影响并阐明其作用机制。方法通过体外、体内两种实验方法检验。54只大鼠用于体外实验,采用不同的灌注液(HCA液 UW液)冷灌注供肝,按8,16,32 h时间冷保存肝脏,然后检测相应冷保存时限后,经肝脏灌注的灌洗液中丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)的变化,并动态观察肝脏保存前后重量差、组织学的改变;48只大鼠用于体内实验,采用kamada的双套管法,设单纯UW液灌注作为对照组,实验组是先用HCA液再用UW液灌注的方法灌注冷保存后(12,24 h)进行原位肝移植,移植12 h后抽血检测反映肝功能变化的ALT、以及肝脏病理改变。结果①体外实验显示冷保存8 h,灌注液中ALT值,3组间差异无显著性(P>0.05),但冷保存16,32 h后的ALT值对照组均明显低于实验组1、实验组2,差异有显著性(P<0.05);16 h冷保存后肝重量差显示,实验组1、实验组2肝重量差均小于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05),但3组冷保存32 h后的肝脏均较保存前加重,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。②体内实验提示肝脏冷保存12,24 h后移植,实验组的ALT值高于对照组,组间差异有显著性(P<0.05);肝脏病理支持前述的改变。结论体外、体内的实验均显示:先予HCA液、再用UW液的灌注模式,和单纯UW液灌注方法相比较,前者的方法在抑制肝脏水肿、维持肝细胞机能稳定等方面作用较差,且随冷保存时间的延长,这种供肝灌注模式的负面影响更加明显。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.