Oestradiol skin delivery from ultradeformable liposomes: refinement of surfactant concentration

The aims of this study were to refine ultradeformable liposomes for oestradiol skin delivery and to evaluate Span 80 and Tween 80 as edge activators compared with sodium cholate. Vesicles containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) mixed with edge activators and oestradiol were prepared. Entrapment efficiency and vesicle size were determined. Interactions between activators and vesicles were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. Transepidermal permeation of oestradiol from vesicles was studied compared to saturated aqueous control in vitro. The maximum flux (J(max)) and its time (T(max)) were calculated from the flux curves and skin deposition was assessed. The compositions of refined formulations were predicted, liposomes prepared, and tested against control. Entrapment efficiency depended on PC concentration with some contribution from sodium cholate and Tween 80. Vesicle sizes ranged from 124 to 135 nm. Edge activators interacted with lipid bilayers and disrupted packing. The refined edge activator concentrations in PC vesicles were 14.0, 13.3 and 15.5% w/w for sodium cholate, Span 80 and Tween 80, respectively; they increased J(max) by 18, 16 and 15-fold and skin deposition by 8, 7 and 8-fold compared with control. Ultradeformable vesicles thus improved skin delivery of oestradiol compared to control and Span 80 and Tween 80 were equivalent to sodium cholate as edge-activators.     

Skin permeation of retinol in Tween 20-based deformable liposomes: in-vitro evaluation in human skin and keratinocyte models

To develop a more effective transdermal delivery method for lipophilic functional cosmetic compounds such as retinol, we formulated various deformable liposomes and compared their transdermal delivery efficiency with those of neutral or negatively-charged conventional liposomes. We tested the deformability of liposomes containing edge activators such as bile salts, polyoxyethylene esters and polyoxyethylene ethers. As indicators of deformability, we used the passed volume and phospholipid ratios during extrusion, as well as the deformability index. We found that the type of edge activator significantly affected the extent of deformability, and that Tween 20 provided the highest level of deformability. Accordingly, we used Tween 20 to formulate deformable liposomes containing retinol in the membrane bilayers, and conducted a skin permeation study in Franz diffusion cells, using dermatomed human skin and three-dimensional human keratinocyte layers. As compared with the use of conventional neutral or negatively-charged liposomes, the use of Tween 20-based deformable liposomes significantly increased the skin permeation of retinol. These results suggested that deformable liposomes might be of potential use for the formulation of retinol and other lipophilic functional cosmetic compounds.     

Comparative study of liposomes,transfersomes and ethosomes as carriers for improving topical delivery of celecoxib

Topical administration of celecoxib proved to be an effective mean of preventing skin cancer development and improving anticancer drugs effectiveness in skin tumors treatment. The aim of this study was the development of an effective topical formulation of celecoxib, able to promote drug skin delivery, providing its in depth penetration through the skin layers. Three kinds of vesicular formulations have been investigated as drug carriers: liposomes containing a surfactant, or transfersomes and ethosomes, containing suitable edge activators. Firstly, the effect of membrane composition variations on the system performance has been evaluated for each vesicle type. Selected formulations were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index and encapsulation efficiency. The best formulations were subjected to ex vivo permeation studies through excised human skin. All vesicular formulations markedly (p < 0.001) improved the drug amount penetrated into the skin with respect to an aqueous suspension, from 2.0 to 6.5, up to 9.0 folds for liposomes, transfersomes and ethosomes, respectively. In particular, ethosomes containing Tween 20 as edge activator not only showed the best vesicle dimensions and homogeneity, and the highest encapsulation efficacy (54.4%), but also enabled the highest increase in drug penetration through the skin, probably due to the simultaneous presence in their composition of ethanol and Tween 20, both acting as permeation enhancers. Therefore, among the various vesicular formulations examined in the study, Tween 20-ethosomes can be considered the most promising one as carrier for topical celecoxib applications aimed to prevent skin cancer development and increase the anticancer drugs effectiveness against skin tumors.     

Vesicular carriers containing phenylethyl resorcinol for topical delivery system; liposomes,transfersomes and invasomes

Topical administration of phenylethyl resorcinol (PR) has attracted much attention as skin lightening agent with potent anti-tyrosinase activity. Two novel types of elastic carriers were developed to overcome the limitation of PR as topical delivery by increasing the solubility, stability and decreasing skin irritation compared to conventional liposomes. In addition, it also promotes skin penetration of PR to reach deep skin layer at the target site. The lead formulations were obtained from the invasomes containing 1% (w/v) d-limonene mixed with 10% (v/v) absolute ethanol as the skin enhancer, and transfersomes containing 15% (w/w) sodium deoxycholate (SDC) as edge activator. All formulations gave a vesicle size < 500 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) < 0.3, high zeta potential, entrapment efficiency > 50%, and good stability on storage at 30°C at 75% RH for 4 months. Transfersomes have a lower degree of deformability (6.63%) than invasomes (25.26%). In contrast, the liposomes as rigid vesicles do not show a deformable property. This characteristic affects the skin permeation, and thus, transfersomes with high elastic property provided a significantly higher cumulative amount, steady state flux (J_ss) and permeability coefficient (K_p) compared to other formulations. However, in vitro PR accumulation in full-thickness newborn pig skin demonstrated that the application of elastic carrier formulations gave significantly higher accumulation than liposomes, and gave anti-tyrosinase activity up to 80%. These results are straightforwardly related to the results of cellular level study. Transfersomes and invasomes showed higher tyrosinase inhibition activity and melanin content reduction when compared to liposomes in B16 melanoma cells. In addition, acute irritation test in rabbits confirmed that these formulations are safe for skin application. Therefore, elastic vesicle carriers have the efficiency to deliver PR into the deep skin in both quantity and effectiveness which are better than conventional liposomes and appropriate for a skin lightening product.     

PG-liposomes: novel lipid vesicles for skin delivery of drugs

A novel type of lipid vesicles, propylene glycol-embodying liposomes or PG-liposomes, composed of phospholipid, propylene glycol and water, is introduced. The new lipid vesicles were developed and investigated as carriers for skin delivery of the model drug, cinchocaine base. PG-liposomes showed high entrapment efficiency and were stable for at least one month of storage at 5 +/- 1 degree C. Preliminary in-vivo skin deposition studies, carried out using albino rabbit dorsal skin, showed that PG-liposomes were superior to traditional liposomes, deformable liposomes and ethosomes, suggesting that PG-liposomes, introduced in the current work, are promising carriers for skin delivery of drugs.     

Dermal delivery of selected hydrophilic drugs from elastic liposomes: effect of phospholipid formulation and surfactants

The effect of phospholipid formulation and choice of surfactant on skin permeation of selected hydrophilic drugs from elastic liposomes across human epidermal membrane has been studied. Sodium cholate and various concentrations of phosphatidylcholine were used for the preparation of liposomes namely hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine 90% (Phospholipon 90H), phosphatidylcholine 95% (Phospholipon 90G), phosphatidylcholine 78.6% (Phospholipon 80), and phosphatidylcholine 50% (Phosal PG). To investigate the effect of the surfactant, liposomes were prepared from 95% phosphatidylcholine (Phospholipon 90G) and various surfactants (sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate, Span 20 (sorbitan monolaurate), Span 40 (sorbitan monopalmitate), Span 60 (sorbitan stearate) and Span 80 (sorbitan monooleate)). The vesicles were prepared by the conventional rotary evaporation technique. The film was hydrated with phosphate-buffered saline (10 mL) containing 9, 2 and 2.5 mg mL(-1) of methotrexate, idoxuridine and aciclovir, respectively. All formulations contained 7% ethanol. Homogenously-sized liposomes were produced following extrusion through 100-nm polycarbonate filters using Lipex Extruder. Particle size was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Vertical Franz diffusion cells were used for the study of drug delivery through human epidermal membrane. For the three drugs, the highest transcutaneous fluxes were from elastic liposomes containing 95% phosphatidylcholine. In general, a higher flux value was obtained for liposomes containing sodium cholate compared with sodium deoxycholate. For the liposomes containing sorbitan monoesters, there was no clearly defined trend between alkyl chain length and flux values. Overall, transcutaneous fluxes of liposomal preparations of hydrophilic drugs were comparable with those from saturated aqueous solutions (P > 0.05).     

Ethosomes,binary ethosomes and transfersomes of terbinafine hydrochloride: A comparative study

The aim of this study was to compare the skin permeation of ethosomes, binary ethosomes and transfersomes of Terbinafine Hydrochloride (TH) under non-occlusive conditions. These lipid vesicles were prepared and characterized for shape, size, zeta-potential and entrapment efficiency. Franz diffusion cells and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used for the percutaneous absorption studies. The quantity of drug in the skin from ethosomes, binary ethosomes (the weight ratio of ethanol to propylene glycol 7:3, ethanol-PG = 7:3, w/w), and transfersomes was 1.26, 1.51 (p <0.05), 1.56 (p <0.01) times higher than that of TH from traditional liposomes (control). The skin deposition of the applied dose (DD%) of TH from ethosomes, binary ethosomes, and transfersomes was 3.34 (p < 0.05), 9.88 (p < 0.01), 2.52 times higher than that of TH from control. The results of CLSM experiments showed that penetration depth and fluorescence intensity of Rhodamine B from binary ethosomes was much greater than that from ethosomes and transfersomes. These results indicated the binary ethosomes (ethanol-PG = 7:3, w/w) most effectively permitted drug penetration through skin; transfersomes made drug easiest to accumulate in the skin. Ethosomes improved drug delivery with greater improvement in skin permeation than improvement in skin deposition.     

乙醇脂质体对多奈哌齐经皮转运的促进作用

目的：制备多奈哌齐乙醇脂质体,从而进一步有效优化药物的经皮转运。方法：采用注入法制备多奈哌齐乙醇脂质体;通过形态,粒径分布和包封率对乙醇脂质体进行了初步表征,运用Franz 扩散池和共聚焦激光扫描电镜考察了乙醇脂质体的经皮转运情况。结果：多奈哌齐乙醇脂质体（乙醇含量45%）包封率明显高于多奈哌齐脂质体;多奈哌齐乙醇脂质体透皮量分别为脂质体及乙醇溶液的4.32倍和1.89倍。结论：乙醇脂质体可有效携带药物进入皮肤深层。     

Evaluation of Skin Viability Effect on Ethosome and Liposome-Mediated Psoralen Delivery via Cell Uptake

This study investigated the effect of skin viability on its permeability to psoralen delivered by ethosomes, as compared with liposomes. With decreasing skin viability, the amount of liposome-delivered psoralen that penetrated through the skin increased, whereas skin deposition of psoralen from both ethosomes and liposomes reduced. Psoralen delivery to human-immortalized epidermal cells was more effective using liposomes, whereas delivery to human embryonic skin fibroblast cells was more effective when ethosomes were used. These findings agreed with those of in vivo studies showing that skin psoralen deposition from ethosomes and liposomes first increased and then plateaued overtime, which may indicate gradual saturation of intracellular drug delivery. It also suggested that the reduced deposition of ethosome- or liposome-delivered psoralen in skin with reduced viability may relate to reduced cellular uptake. This work indicated that the effects of skin viability should be taken into account when evaluating nanocarrier-mediated drug skin permeation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 103:3120–3126, 2014     

混合胶团增溶的环孢素A经小鼠皮肤的渗透作用

目的研究由不同表面活性剂和磷脂所组成的混合胶团(mixedmicelles)对环孢素A经小鼠皮肤给药的渗透促进作用。方法将含药混合胶团溶液封闭性应用于离体或在体小鼠皮肤,测定接收介质和血液中环孢素A含量。结果离体条件下,不同表面活性剂和磷脂所形成的混合胶团的皮肤渗透作用强度为:胆酸钠-磷脂混合胶团>脱氧胆酸钠-磷脂混合胶团>TritonX-100-磷脂混合胶团>Tween-20-磷脂混合胶团。在体条件下,用胆酸钠-磷脂混合胶团后,5h血药浓度达峰值,随后血药浓度缓慢下降。结论混合胶团在水溶液状态下对大分子难溶药物环孢素A具有一定的皮肤促渗效果。     

Transdermal delivery of low molecular weight heparin loaded in flexible liposomes with bioavailability enhancement: comparison with ethosomes

Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)-loaded flexible liposomes (flexosomes) were formulated for transdermal delivery, and their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters were compared with LMWH-loaded ethosomes. Flexosomes had similar particle size compared with ethosomes, but their deformability was higher than that of ethosomes (76.7% vs. 46.8%). In vitro, flexosomes demonstrated 2.6-fold higher permeability coefficient than ethosomes. In comparison to LMWH aqueous solution, skin deposition of flexosome increased 3.2-fold, while that of ethosome increased only 2.0-fold. In vivo, after the topical application of flexosome to hairless mouse, [anti-Xa](max) was 1.11?IU/mL, while ethosomes showed only 0.32?IU/mL. Moreover, AUC(0-24?h) of flexosomes was 2.5-fold higher than ethosomes. In conclusion, the enhanced skin permeation and bioavailability of LMWH can be achieved with flexosomes in comparison with ethosomes. The LMWH transdermal delivery via flexosomes has the potential to replace the parenteral dosage forms for the treatment of venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism and cardiovascular events.     

Melatonin loaded ethanolic liposomes: physicochemical characterization and enhanced transdermal delivery.

The current investigation aims to evaluate the transdermal potential of novel ethanolic liposomes (ethosomes) bearing Melatonin (MT), an anti-jet lag agent associated with poor skin permeation and long lag time. MT loaded ethosomes were prepared and characterized for vesicular shape and surface morphology, vesicular size, entrapment efficiency, stability, in vitro skin permeation and in vivo skin tolerability. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) defined ethosomes as spherical, unilamellar structures having low polydispersity (0.032+/-0.011) and nanometric size range (122+/-3.5 nm). % Entrapment efficiency of MT in ethosomal carrier was found to be 70.71+/-1.4. Stability profile of prepared system assessed for 120 days revealed very low aggregation and growth in vesicular size (7.6+/-1.2%). MT loaded ethosomal carriers also provided an enhanced transdermal flux of 59.2+/-1.22 microg/cm2/h and decreased lag time of 0.9 h across human cadaver skin. Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) data generated to assess the fluidity of skin lipids after application of formulation revealed a greater mobility of skin lipids on application of ethosomes as compared to that of ethanol or plain liposomes. Skin permeation profile of the developed formulation further assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed an enhanced permeation of Rhodamine Red (RR) loaded formulations to the deeper layers of the skin (240 microm). Further, a better skin tolerability of ethosomal suspension on rabbit skin suggested that ethosomes may offer a suitable approach for transdermal delivery of melatonin.     

Skin penetration behaviour of liposomes as a function of their composition

Deformable liposomes have been developed and evaluated as a novel topical and transdermal delivery system. Their mechanism of drug transport into and through the skin has been investigated but remains a much debated question. The present study concerns ex vivo diffusion experiments using pig ear skin in order to explain the penetration mechanism of classical and deformable liposomes. Classical and deformable vesicles containing betamethasone in the aqueous compartment through the use of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes were compared to vesicles encapsulating betamethasone in their lipid bilayer. Deformable liposomes contained sodium deoxycholate as the edge activator. Liposomes were characterised by their diameter, encapsulation efficiency, deformability, stability (in terms of change in diameter) and release of encapsulated drug. Exvivo diffusion studies using Franz diffusion cells were performed. Confocal microscopy was performed to visualise the penetration of fluorescently labelled liposomes into the skin. This study showed that liposomes do not stay intact when they penetrate the deepest layers of the skin. Betamethasone is released from the vesicles after which free drug molecules can diffuse through the stratum corneum and partition into the viable skin tissue.     

Skin delivery of oestradiol from deformable and traditional liposomes: mechanistic studies

Deformable vesicles and traditional liposomes were compared as delivery systems for oestradiol to elucidate possible mechanisms of drug delivery through human skin. Accordingly, epidermal permeation of oestradiol from optimized deformable vesicles and traditional liposome formulations was studied under low dose non-occluded conditions. Five mechanisms were investigated. A free drug mechanism compared low-dose permeation through skin with drug release determined after separation of the free drug. Penetration enhancement was researched by studying skin pretreatment with empty vesicles. Improved drug uptake by skin was monitored by dipping stratum corneum into different formulations for 10 min and determining drug uptake. The possibility that intact vesicles permeate through the epidermis was tested by comparing permeation from 136-nm vesicles with that from >500-nm vesicles, assuming that penetration depends on vesicle size. The possibility that different entrapment efficiencies in alternative formulations could be responsible for the difference in delivery was also evaluated. Lipid vesicles improved the skin delivery of oestradiol compared with delivery from an aqueous control. Maximum flux (Jmax) was increased 14- to 17-fold by use of deformable vesicles and 8.2- to 9.8-fold by use of traditional liposomes. Deformable vesicles were thus superior to traditional liposomes. Drug release was negligible over the period during which skin flux was maximum. Pretreatment with empty vesicles resulted in an enhancement ratio of 4.3 for pure phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles but the enhancement ratio ranged from only 0.8 to 2.4 for other formulations. Vesicles increased drug uptake into the stratum corneum 23- to 29-fold. Relative flux values obtained from small and large vesicles were similar. No correlation was found between entrapment efficiency and skin delivery. The results showed no evidence of a free drug mechanism, but revealed a possible penetration-enhancing effect for pure PC vesicles, although this was not the only mechanism operating. The positive uptake suggested that lipid vesicles increased drug partitioning into the skin. The data provided no evidence for in-vitro liposome penetration through skin as distinct from vesicle penetration into the stratum corneum.     

Development of a new topical system: Drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-deformable liposome

A new delivery system for cutaneous administration combining the advantages of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes and those of deformable liposomes was developed, leading to a new concept: drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-deformable liposomes. Deformable liposomes made of soybean phosphatidylcholine (PC) or dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and sodium deoxycholate as edge activator were compared to classical non-deformable liposomes. Liposomes were prepared by the film evaporation method. Betamethasone, chosen as the model drug, was encapsulated in the aqueous cavity of liposomes by the use of cyclodextrins. Cyclodextrins allow an increase in the aqueous solubility of betamethasone and thus, the encapsulation efficiency in liposome vesicles. Liposome size, deformability and encapsulation efficiency were calculated. The best results were obtained with deformable liposomes made of PC in comparison with DMPC. The stability of PC vesicles was evaluated by measuring the leakage of encapsulated calcein on the one hand and the leakage of encapsulated betamethasone on the other hand. In vitro diffusion studies were carried out on Franz type diffusion cells through polycarbonate membranes. In comparison with non-deformable liposomes, these new vesicles showed improved encapsulation efficiency, good stability and higher in vitro diffusion percentages of encapsulated drug. They are therefore promising for future use in ex vivo and in vivo experiments.     

粉防已碱纳米醇质体的制备、表征和抗关节炎疗效(英文)

本研究旨在探索醇质体用于改善粉防己碱局部给药治疗关节炎的可行性。用pH梯度法制备醇质体, 并对其粒径、形态和包封率进行表征。所制备的粉防己碱醇质体为球形, 平均粒径约为78 nm, 包封率为 (52.87±3.81)%。而粉防己碱脂质体具有较大的粒径 (99 nm) 和较高的包封率 (98.80±0.01)%。此外, 与粉防己碱脂质体相比, 粉防己碱醇质体显示出显著的体外透皮性能和抗大鼠关节炎疗效, 并与市售地塞米松软膏的疗效无显著性差异。结果表明, 醇质体有望成为粉防己碱皮肤局部给药的纳米载体。     

Systemic and mucosal immune response induced by transcutaneous immunization using Hepatitis B surface antigen-loaded modified liposomes

We have evaluated the efficiency of novel modified liposomes (ethosomes) for transcutaneous immunization (TCI) against Hepatitis B. Antigen-loaded ethosomes were prepared and characterized for shape, lamellarity, fluidity, size distribution, and entrapment efficiency. Spectral bio-imaging and flow cytometric studies showed efficient uptake of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-loaded ethosomes by murine dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro, reaching a peak by 180 min. Transcutaneous delivery potential of the antigen-loaded system using human cadaver skin demonstrated a much higher skin permeation of the antigen in comparison to conventional liposomes and soluble antigen preparation. Topically applied HBsAg-loaded ethosomes in experimental mice showed a robust systemic and mucosal humoral immune response compared to intramuscularly administered alum-adsorbed HBsAg suspension, topically applied plain HBsAg solution and hydroethanolic (25%) HBsAg solution. The ability of the antigen-pulsed DCs to stimulate autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes was demonstrated by BrdU assay and a predominantly TH1 type of immune response was observed by multiplex cytometric bead array analysis. HBsAg-loaded ethosomes are able to generate a protective immune response and their ability to traverse and target the immunological milieu of the skin may find a potential application in the development of a transcutaneous vaccine against Hepatitis B virus (HBV).     

Deformable liposomes for dermal administration of methotrexate

Deformable liposomes were prepared to investigate the effectiveness of dermal administration of methotrexate (MTX). The phospholipids used to prepare the liposomes were soybean lecithin (PC) or hydrogenated lecithin (HPC) and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (KG) as surfactant. The lipid/KG ratio (w/w) was 2:1 and 4:1. Liposomes size, entrapment efficiency and MTX release through dialysis membrane were determined and the interaction between MTX and liposomes was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. The MTX amount permeated through pig skin were three- to four-fold higher using liposomes containing KG compared to those from water solution or normal liposomes. No significant differences were observed between PC-KG liposomes and HPC-KG liposomes. At the end of the skin permeation assay using deformable liposomes, up to 50% of the administered dose was found in the skin. This capability depends on the self-regulating carrier deformability. These results suggest that liposomes containing KG may be of value for the topical administration of MTX in the treatment of psoriasis.     

Elastic liposomes mediated transdermal delivery of an anti-jet lag agent: preparation, characterization and in vitro human skin transport study

In order to get across the intact skin, drug-laden carriers have to pass through narrow, confining pores of 50 nm or less diameter, under the influence of a suitable transdermal gradient. Novel ultradeformable carriers, the elastic liposomes achieve this target via its deforming and self-optimizing property. The main goal of this work was to prepare and characterize, elastic liposomes bearing melatonin, an anti-jet lag agent for its efficient transdermal delivery. Elastic liposomes bearing melatonin were prepared by modified extrusion method and characterized for shape, lamellarity, size distribution, percent drug loading, turbidity profile by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Mini-column centrifugation and Nephelometric techniques. The effect of different formulation variables like type of surfactant and concentration of surfactant on the deformability of vesicles, turbidity changes, transdermal flux across human cadaver skin, amount of drug deposited into the skin were investigated. Confocal laser scanning (CLS) micrographs revealed that probe (Rhodamine Red) loaded elastic liposomes were able to penetrate much deeper than the probe loaded conventional rigid liposomes. Out of the three surfactants utilized namely, Span 80, Sodium cholate and Sodium dodecylsulphate, formulation bearing Span 80 at an optimum lipid: surfactant ratio of 85:15% w/w proved to be the best in all parameters studied. The optimum skin permeation profile including greater transdermal flux and lower lag time of melatonin from optimized elastic liposomes via human cadaver skin was observed. Our results of the present study demonstrated the feasibility of elastic liposomal system for transdermal delivery of this anti- jet lag agent, which provides better transdermal flux, higher entrapment efficiency, greater skin drug deposition and possesses the ability of a self-penetration enhancer as compared to conventional liposomes.     

姜黄素醇质体体外透皮及其稳定性研究

目的：对姜黄素醇质体体外透皮及其稳定性进行考察方法：采用透皮扩散仪进行体外透皮实验,比较姜黄素醇质体、溶液、脂质体经小鼠离体皮肤的累积渗透量及皮肤滞留量;并将姜黄素醇质体4℃条件下冷藏,考察其稳定性。结果：姜黄素醇质体12h内单位面积皮肤的累计渗透量和皮肤滞留量是其溶液（含0．5％吐温-80）的2．71倍和2．81倍;但与其脂质体无显著差异。姜黄素醇质体4℃条件下冷藏1个月,其外观、包封率、粒径及多分散指数（PDI）变化较小。结论：醇质体作为透皮给药载体能促进姜黄素的透皮吸收,并能增加皮肤中的滞留量;姜黄素醇质体具有一定的稳定性。