大肠癌中Bmi-1的表达及其临床病理意义

目的:研究大肠肿瘤组织中Bmi-1蛋白表达情况及其与大肠癌临床病理特征及预后的关系,并探讨Bmi-1蛋白在大肠癌中的表达与Ki67蛋白表达的关系。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法分别检测Bmi-1蛋白在60例大肠癌、30例大肠腺瘤及20例正常大肠黏膜组织3组中的表达情况及其与大肠癌临床病理特征及患者生存率的关系,并探讨大肠癌中Bmi-1 蛋白表达与Ki67蛋白的相关性。应用SPSS13.0软件包对结果进行统计学分析。结果:Bmi-1蛋白在大肠癌、大肠腺瘤及正常大肠黏膜组织中的表达率分别为25.0％、6.7％、0%, Bmi-1蛋白在大肠癌中表达明显高于腺瘤组及正常组（P＜0.05）,而在腺瘤组及正常组中的表达差异无显著（P＞0.05）;Bmi-1蛋白高表达与有无远处转移及TNM分期密切相关（P＜0.05）,而与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、分布部位、分化程度、组织类型及淋巴结转移等临床病理特征无关（P＞0.05）;Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示Bmi-1蛋白高表达患者生存率明显低于低表达患者（P＜0.05）;大肠癌中Bmi-1蛋白高表达与Ki67蛋白表达无相关关系（P＞0.05）。结论:Bmi-1蛋白表达与大肠癌的发生、转移及预后关系密切,可作为评估患者侵润转移及预后的参考指标。     

自噬相关基因LC3、Beclin-1与凋亡相关基因p53、BCL-2在大肠癌中的表达及意义

目的检测自噬相关基因LC3、Beclin-1与凋亡相关基因p53、BCL-2在大肠癌、大肠腺瘤及正常大肠黏膜中的表达情况,探讨其与大肠癌发生、发展的相关性及意义。方法应用组织芯片技术和免疫组化SP法检测12例正常大肠黏膜、29例大肠腺瘤及115例大肠癌组织中LC3、Beclin-1、p53及BCL-2蛋白的表达水平,并结合临床病理因素进行分析。结果 LC3在大肠癌中的阳性率高于大肠腺瘤和正常大肠黏膜(P<0.01),且与大肠癌的组织学分化程度相关(P<0.05)。Beclin-1在大肠癌、大肠腺瘤组织中的表达高于正常大肠黏膜(P<0.01),但与大肠癌的组织学分化程度、Dukes分期及淋巴结转移无关(P均>0.05)。p53及BCL-2在正常大肠黏膜、大肠腺瘤及大肠癌中的表达逐渐增高(P<0.01),且与大肠癌的Dukes分期和淋巴结转移相关(P均<0.05)。经Spearman秩相关检验,Beclin-1蛋白与p53蛋白相关系数为0.224 3,成正相关表达(P<0.05)。结论在大肠癌中,自噬活性的上调与凋亡能力的下调并存;自噬相关基因LC3、Beclin-1与凋亡相关基因p53、BCL-2在大肠癌的发生、发展中起协调作用,对其联合检测有助于了解和判断大肠癌的进展程度及患者的预后情况。     

Expression and clinical significance of autophagy-related genes LC3,Beclin-1 and apoptosis-related genes p53,BCL-2 in colorectal carcinoma

目的 检测自噬相关基因LC3、Beclin-1与凋亡相关基因p53、BCL-2在大肠癌、大肠腺瘤及正常大肠黏膜中的表达情况,探讨其与大肠癌发生、发展的相关性及意义.方法 应用组织芯片技术和免疫组化SP法检测12例正常大肠黏膜、29例大肠腺瘤及115例大肠癌组织中LC3、Beclin-1、p53及BCL-2蛋白的表达水平,并结合临床病理因素进行分析.结果 LC3在大肠癌中的阳性率高于大肠腺瘤和正常大肠黏膜(P<0.01),且与大肠癌的组织学分化程度相关(P<0.05).Beclin-1在大肠癌、大肠腺瘤组织中的表达高于正常大肠黏膜(P<0.01),但与大肠癌的组织学分化程度、Dukes分期及淋巴结转移无关(P均>0.05).p53及BCL-2在正常大肠黏膜、大肠腺瘤及大肠癌中的表达逐渐增高(P<0.01),且与大肠癌的Dukes分期和淋巴结转移相关(P均<0.05).经Spearman 秩相关检验,Beclin-1蛋白与p53蛋白相关系数为0.224 3,成正相关表达(P<0.05).结论 在大肠癌中,自噬活性的上调与凋亡能力的下调并存;自噬相关基因LC3、Beclin-1与凋亡相关基因p53、BCL-2在大肠癌的发生、发展中起协调作用,对其联合检测有助于了解和判断大肠癌的进展程度及患者的预后情况.     

Expression and clinical significance of WIF-1 and Wnt2b in colorectal carcinoma

目的 过检测WIF-1与Wnt2b在正常大肠黏膜、大肠腺瘤、大肠癌中的表达及其与大肠癌生成、侵袭转移之间的关系,探讨WIF-1与Wnt2b之间的关系.方法 应用免疫组化SP法检测WIF-1和Wnt2b蛋白在15例癌旁正常组织、18例大肠腺瘤和103例大肠癌组织中的表达.结果 (1)WIF-1蛋白在大肠癌中的阳性率明显低于癌旁正常组织和腺瘤;Wnt2b蛋白在大肠癌中的阳性率高于癌旁正常组织和腺瘤.(2)WIF-1在大肠癌中的表达与患者的年龄、性别、分化程度、浸润程度、淋巴转移和远处转移均无关系(P>0.05);Wnt2b在大肠癌中的表达与大肠癌的分化程度、Dukes分期、淋巴结转移和远处器官转移相关(P<0.05),而与患者的年龄、性别均无关(P>0.05).(3)大肠癌中WIF-1与Wnt2b的表达呈负相关(r=-0.199,P<0.05).结论 WIF-1在正常大肠组织中呈阳性表达,在大肠癌的发病机制中可能发挥一定作用;Wnt2b的表达与大肠癌的发生、侵袭转移有关,联合检测WIF-1和Wnt2b有助于大肠癌的诊断、预防和治疗.     

大肠癌中WIF-1和Wnt2b的表达及其临床意义

目的通过检测WIF-1与Wnt2b在正常大肠黏膜、大肠腺瘤、大肠癌中的表达及其与大肠癌生成、侵袭转移之间的关系,探讨WIF-1与Wnt2b之间的关系。方法应用免疫组化SP法检测WIF-1和Wnt2b蛋白在15例癌旁正常组织、18例大肠腺瘤和103例大肠癌组织中的表达。结果 (1)WIF-1蛋白在大肠癌中的阳性率明显低于癌旁正常组织和腺瘤;Wnt2b蛋白在大肠癌中的阳性率高于癌旁正常组织和腺瘤。(2)WIF-1在大肠癌中的表达与患者的年龄、性别、分化程度、浸润程度、淋巴转移和远处转移均无关系(P>0.05);Wnt2b在大肠癌中的表达与大肠癌的分化程度、Dukes分期、淋巴结转移和远处器官转移相关(P<0.05),而与患者的年龄、性别均无关(P>0.05)。(3)大肠癌中WIF-1与Wnt2b的表达呈负相关(r=-0.199,P<0.05)。结论 WIF-1在正常大肠组织中呈阳性表达,在大肠癌的发病机制中可能发挥一定作用;Wnt2b的表达与大肠癌的发生、侵袭转移有关,联合检测WIF-1和Wnt2b有助于大肠癌的诊断、预防和治疗。     

RACK1在大肠癌癌变过程中的表达和意义

目的:研究RACK1蛋白在正常大肠黏膜组织、大肠癌癌前病变组织及大肠癌中的表达,初步探讨其在大肠癌发病中的作用。方法:收集92例大肠癌组织、20例大肠腺瘤组织、20例大肠炎性息肉组织和23例正常大肠黏膜组织。采用免疫组织化学方法检测RACK1在正常大肠黏膜组织、大肠癌癌前病变及大肠癌组织中的表达,统计分析RACK1表达水平与大肠癌临床病理特征之间的关系。结果:随着大肠癌癌变的演进,RACK1的表达水平进行性上调(P<0.05)。RACK1的表达水平与大肠癌患者年龄、性别、淋巴结转移及Duke分期无明显关系(P>0.05),但与大肠癌的分化程度呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:RACK1在大肠癌癌变过程中进行性上调,其表达上调可能与大肠癌的发病有关。     

大肠癌中EGFR、nm23、Ki-67的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨EGFR、nm23及Ki-67蛋白在大肠癌组织中的表达情况及其生物学意义.方法 采用高通量的组织芯片技术及免疫组织化学SP法检测115例大肠腺癌组织、19例大肠腺瘤组织和12例正常大肠组织中EGFR、nm23及Ki-67蛋白的表达.结果 在正常黏膜、腺瘤及腺癌组织中EGFR蛋白的阳性表达率分别为25%、47.37%、71.30%,nm23的阳性表达率分别为83.3%、68.42%和41.74%,Ki-67的阳性表达率分别为25%、36.82%、63.48%.腺癌组织中EGFR、Ki-67的表达明显高于腺瘤及正常黏膜组织,而nm23的后两者表达要明显高于前者,且均具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 EGFR、nm23、Ki-67的表达分别与大肠腺癌的分化、浸润程度、Dukes分期及淋巴结转移密切相关,可为大肠癌的早期诊断、治疗及预后的判断提供可靠的参考依据.     

E-cadherin在结直肠癌中的表达及其与侵袭转移的关系

目的：探讨E-cadherin在结直肠癌（colorectal carcinoma,CRC）中的表达及其与侵袭转移的关系。方法：采用免疫组织化学SABC法及原位杂交技术检测E-cadherin mRNA和蛋白在大肠正常黏膜、大肠腺瘤和CRC组织中的表达。结果： E-cadherin的mRNA和蛋白在CRC中的阳性率显著低于正常黏膜组织和腺瘤（P＜0.01）;随着CRC分化的降低和Dukes分期的增加,E-cadherin表达阳性率降低;E-cadherin的阳性率在有淋巴结和远处器官转移的CRC中均显著低于未转移组（P＜0.01,P＜0.05）。结论：E-cadherin表达减少或缺失在CRC的侵袭转移过程中发挥重要的作用。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌中p57kip2、cyclin D1和cyclin E的表达及意义

目的探讨p57kip2、cyclin D1及cyclin E蛋白在乳腺癌发生、发展中作用.方法用免疫组化S-P法检测64例乳腺浸润性导管癌(invasive ductal carcinoma,IDC)、15例乳腺导管原位癌(ductal carcinoma in situ,DCIS)和15例癌旁正常乳腺组织中p57kip2、cyclin D1和cyclin E蛋白的表达情况.结果p57kip2、cyclin D1和cyclin E蛋白在IDC的阳性率与在乳腺不同组织之间相比,cyclin D1、cyclin E蛋白在DCIS的阳性率与癌旁正常乳腺组织之间相比差异均有显著性(P≤0.05,P＜0.01).在IDC中,三者表达均与腋窝淋巴结转移有关(P≤0.05,P＜0.01),cyclin D1蛋白的表达与组织学分级有关(P＜0.01),cyclinE蛋白的表达与肿块大小有关(P＜0.01);p57kip2与cyclin D1之间、p57kip2与cyclin E之间的表达均呈负相关(P＜0.01)、cyclinD1与cyclin E之间的表达呈正相关(P＜0.01).结论p57kip2蛋白低表达、cyclin D1和cyclin E蛋白高表达可能是乳腺组织恶性转变以及乳腺癌发生淋巴结转移的重要生物学标志,cyclin D1和cyclin E蛋白异常表达是乳腺癌发生的早期事件.联合检测p57kip2、cyclin D1及cyclin E蛋白对预测乳腺癌淋巴结转移有重要意义.     

大肠癌组织中酪氨酸激酶受体RON的表达及意义

目的：研究酪氨酸激酶受体RON在大肠癌组织中的表达情况。方法：收集大肠癌标本69例，大肠腺瘤15例，正常大肠黏膜15例，采用免疫组织化学技术检测组织中RON的表达。结果：大肠癌、大肠腺瘤组织中RON的表达明显高于正常大肠黏膜组织（P<0.05）；RON的表达强度与大肠癌病理分期、淋巴结转移及肿瘤浸润深度相关（P<0.05）。结论：RON是一个能有效反映大肠癌发生发展的生物学指标。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.