胚胎脊髓移植联合应用MK-801促进大鼠脊髓损伤后功能恢复

目的　研究胚胎脊髓移植并应用N 甲基 D 天门冬氨酸 (NMDA)受体拮抗剂MK 80 1能否促进半切洞脊髓损伤后功能恢复。方法　将成年大鼠分为 3组 ,A组 :单纯脊髓半切洞损伤组 ;B组 :脊髓半切洞损伤 胚胎脊髓移植组 ;C组 :脊髓半切洞损伤 胚胎脊髓移植 MK 80 1组。手术后应用联合行为评分 (CBS)、感觉诱发电位 (SEP)、运动诱发电位 (MEP)检查。结果　 3组CBS得分A组>B组 >C组 ,SEP和MEP潜峰时A组 >B组 >C组 ,统计学分析差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　胚胎脊髓移植联合应用NMDA受体拮抗剂MK 80 1能够促进脊髓损伤后功能恢复     

胚胎脊髓移植与甲基强的松龙联合应用治疗脊髓损伤的实验研究

目的 :探讨胚胎脊髓移植 (FST)与大剂量甲基强的松龙 (MP)联合应用治疗脊髓损伤的效果。方法 :选用SD大鼠 5 0只 ,随机分为A、B、C、D、E 5组 ,前 4组行T12脊髓半切损伤后为治疗组。A组行大剂量MP与FST联合应用 ;B组行大剂量MP治疗 ;C组为FST治疗 ;D组为单纯半切损伤 ;E组为空白对照。治疗后 2 4h及 8周时行脊髓体感诱发电位检查 ,观察行为变化 ,并对各组损伤区脊髓横断面神经纤维数进行统计学分析。结果 :A组与B、C、D组之间脊髓体感诱发电位及损伤区神经纤维计数均存在明显差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,行为学无明显改变。结论 :大剂量甲基强的松龙与胚胎脊髓移植联合应用治疗脊髓损伤可起协同促进损伤脊髓修复的作用。     

胚胎脊髓移植加神经生长因子和尼莫地平对成年大鼠脊髓继发性损伤的影响

目的：用神经生长因子（NGF）和尼莫地平（ND）增强胚胎脊髓移植修复成年大鼠损伤脊髓的效果,缓解脊髓继发性损伤。方法：采用脊髓半切洞损伤模型,分为单纯胚胎脊髓移植组,移植加NGF组,移植加NGF和ND组,术后移植部位脊髓细胞内游离钙离子浓度,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）,丙二醛（MDA）的变化,并比较各组死亡率,结果：移植加NGF组较单纯移植组,MDA明显下降,SOD显著升高,有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,但两组间细胞内游离钙离子浓度差别不显著（P＞0．05）,移植加NGF和ND组更有效地升高SOD浓度,降低钙离子浓度和MDA含量,与其它两组比较有显著性差异（P＜0．05）,移植加NGF和ND组的死亡率明显低于其它两组,有非常显著性差异（P＜0．01）,结论：NGF和ND能较好地改善继发性脊髓损伤,明显降低经胚胎脊髓移植术皇的成年大鼠死亡率,。。     

新生鼠和成年鼠脊髓损伤后胚胎脊髓移植对大鼠损伤脊髓功能恢复的影响

目的研究新生鼠和成年鼠脊髓损伤后胚胎脊髓移植对大鼠损伤脊髓功能恢复的影响。方法将新生鼠和成年鼠腰段脊髓半切洞损伤,取E14胚胎脊髓组织移植到损伤区,手术后4、8、12周,进行组织学检查,联合行为评分,感觉诱发电位,运动诱发电位检查。结果组织学检查发现移植的胚胎脊髓在宿主脊髓中存活。联合行为评分,感觉诱发电位,运动诱发电位潜峰时的恢复,新生鼠移植组均优于成鼠移植组(P<0.05)。结论通过各种功能检查(CBS,SEP,MEP)表明胚胎脊髓移植能够促进脊髓损伤后新生鼠和成鼠运动功能的恢复。     

胚胎脊髓组织移植促进成年宿主损伤脊髓功能恢复的研究

目的 探讨胚胎脊髓组织移植促进成年宿主损伤脊髓功能恢复的作用。方法 采用成年大鼠脊髓半切洞损伤模型，移植胚胎大鼠脊髓组织，术后进行联合行为计分（CBS)、体感诱发电位(SEP）、运动诱发电位(MEP）和性行为及生育机能检查。结果 移植组CBS与对照组比较相差显著（P＜0.05)，移植术后4周以内两者相差非常显著(P＜0.01）；移植组SEP、MEP早期反应的峰潜伏时恢复优于对照组(P＜0.05)；术后4～12周75%的雌鼠阴道涂片检出精子并能正常生育。结论 胚胎脊髓移植能促进成年宿主损伤脊髓的功能恢复。     

NGF、BDNF基因修饰的BMSCs静脉注射治疗脊髓损伤

[目的]探讨神经生长因子（nerve growth factor，NGF）和脑源性神经生长因子（brain derived nerve growth factor，BDNF）基因修饰的骨髓基质细胞（bone marrow stem cells，BMSCs）静脉移植治疗脊髓损伤。[方法]SD大鼠制备成脊髓损伤动物模型。随机分为损伤对照组（A组）、BMSCs静脉移植组（B组）、NGF、BDNF基因修饰的BMSCs静脉移植组（C组）、正常对照组（D组）。治疗后2、6、10周，每组动物分别进行联合行为评分（GBS）、运动诱发电位（MEP）、感觉诱发电位（SEP）检查、双下肢功能测定（爬坡试验），评价脊髓损伤功能恢复情况。[结果]随时间的延长，C组GBS、MEP、SEP及下肢功能明显改善。与其他组相比较，差异有显著性，P〈0．05。[结论]NGF、BDNF基因修饰的BMSCs静脉移植能部分恢复损伤脊髓的功能。     

蛛网膜下腔移植人脐带间充质干细胞修复大鼠脊髓损伤

目的 观察蛛网膜下腔途径移植人脐带间充质干细胞(hUC-MSCs)修复大鼠脊髓损伤的疗效.方法 雌性Wistar大鼠40只建立脊髓损伤模型后随机分为:空白对照组(A组)、蛛网膜下腔DMEM注射组(B组)和hUC-MSCs移植组(C组).通过行为学及电生理学评价损伤大鼠后肢功能恢复情况.免疫荧光染色观察hUC-MSCs存活、迁移、分化,胶质酸性蛋白(GFAP)染色比较各组损伤局部胶质瘢痕面积差异.结果 移植4周后BBB评分,C组(9.19±0.26)高于A组(8.19±0.46)、B组(8.31±0.37),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).损伤后12周C组体感诱发电位(SEP)、运动诱发电位(MEP)潜伏期缩短和波幅值增高与其他组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).hUC-MSCs到达损伤局部并向神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞分化,分化的少突胶质细胞包绕轴突形成髓鞘.损伤局部胶质瘢痕面积C组(40 261.93±9137.56)均小于A组(203127.88±16448.84)、B组(219 622.47±18 944.89),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),A、B组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 hUC-MSCs可经蛛网膜下腔途径到达损伤局部并促进大鼠脊髓损伤的功能恢复.     

胚胎脊髓移植联合甲基强的松龙治疗脊髓损伤的实验研究

目的采用胚胎脊髓移植及大剂量甲基强的松龙联合应用治疗脊髓损伤,观察两者有无协同作用.方法雄性SD大鼠50只,随机分为5组,A、B、C、D组为T12急性脊髓右侧半横断损伤后治疗组,A组给大剂量甲基强的松龙及胚胎脊髓移植联合治疗;B组行大剂量甲基强的松龙治疗;C组行胚胎脊髓移植治疗;D组为单纯损伤;E组为空白对照.治疗后24 h及8周后观察大鼠一般行为及运动功能变化,评分分析.病理观察包括治疗后8周神经纤维记数对比及辣根过氧化物酶示踪观察.结果病理学形态观察示A组损伤区横断面神经纤维记数较B、C、D组明显增多(P＜0.01);A、C组在损伤区注入的辣根过氧化物酶可扩散至损伤区远、近端各约1.0 cm处.除A组左下肢感觉有部分恢复外,无明显行为学改变.结论大剂量甲基强的松龙及胚胎脊髓移植可协同修复损伤脊髓.     

OECs移植联合应用尼莫地平促进大鼠脊髓损伤后功能恢复

目的探讨嗅鞘细胞(olfactoryensheathingcells,OECs)移植联合应用尼莫地平,恢复大鼠脊髓损伤后的功能。方法将成年大鼠分为脊髓半切洞损伤组(A组),脊髓半切洞损伤 OECs移植组(B组)和脊髓半切洞 OECs 尼莫地平移植组(C组)。手术后应用联合行为评分(CBS),感觉诱发电位(SEP)和运动诱发电位(MEP)检查,测定脊髓功能恢复情况。结果3组CBS得分A组>B组>C组,SEP和MEP潜峰时,均A组>B组>C组。统计分析均差异显著性(P<0.05)。结论移植OECs 尼莫地平能促进损伤脊髓功能的恢复。     

NGF、BDNF基因修饰嗅鞘细胞脊髓内移植对损伤脊髓细胞的保护作用

目的：观察神经生长因子(nerve growth factor，NGF)和脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotmphic fac-tor，BDNF)基因修饰的嗅神经鞘细胞(Olfactory ensheathing cells，OECs)移植对损伤脊髓组织的保护作用。方法：将脊髓半横断伤SD大鼠模型，随机分为：NGF、BDNF基因修饰的OECs移植组(A组)、OECs移植组(B组)、损伤对照组(C组)和正常对照组(D组)。24h后每组8只动物取伤段标本，测水离子含量。其余动物第6周和12周每组8只动物爬坡试验，评价下肢运动功能及运动诱发电位(MEP)检测。结果：脊髓损伤(SCI)后组织水肿，Na^ 、Ca^2 离子浓度升高，K^ 、Mg^2 离子浓度降低。NGF、BDNF、基因修饰的OECs脊髓内移植后显著改善这些变化，且使SCI后神经功能有显著恢复。结论：NGF、BDNF基因修饰的OECs脊髓内移植对SCI有保护作用。其机制可能与减少神经细胞离子失衡，改善细胞内环境有关。     

Progressive cystic degeneration of the spinal cord following spinal cord injury

From a group of 520 spinal cord injury patients treated at Rancho Los Amigos Hospital, two cases of progressive myelopathy secondary to cystic degeneration of the spinal cord have been identified. The cyst may dissect proximately to produce progressive neurologic deficit. Surgical treatment with shunting can allow stabilization and improvement with return of newly lost function.     

A study of spinal cord ischemia during aortic cross-clamp--evoked spinal cord potential and histological analysis of the spinal cord

The relationship between the evoked spinal cord potential (ESP) and the histological findings of the spinal cord after thoracic aortic cross-clamp was studied. Thoracic aorta was cross-clamped in 23 dogs and ESP was monitored before, during, and after cross-clamping. Incidence of paraplegia and histological findings were studied after the dogs recovered from the procedure. Aortic cross-clamp was maintained for 60 minutes in 20 dogs (Group A). And cross-clamp was released 10 minutes after the amplitude of ESP became lower than 20% of control in 3 dogs. (Group B). In group A, three types of ESP changes were detected; ESP became lower or lost during cross-clamping in type 1 response, ESP remained unchanged in type 2 response, and ESP returned after transient loss during cross-clamping in type 3 response. Four of five dogs with type 1, none of nine with type 2, two of five with type 3 response showed paraplegia. One of the dogs with type 2 response showed paraparesis. ESP could not detected in one dog, in which traumatic spinal cord injury during laminectomy caused paraplegia. In Group B, all dogs showed type 1 response and paraplegia. Characteristic histological finding of the spinal cords of the dogs with paraplegia was the ischemic necrosis mainly in the gray matter. Necrotic foci were limited in the posterior horn in mild, in the anterior and posterior horn in moderate changes. And neurons were lost in entire gray matter in severe histological changes. In the spinal cords of the dogs with spastic paraplegia, severe histological changes were limited in the lower lumbar region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Experimental study on spinal cord monitoring--changes in spinal cord evoked potentials during vertical direction distraction of the spinal cord

Experiments were carried out on 18 adult dogs ranging from 9.0 to 11.5 kg. The dogs were intubated and anesthetized with Halothene oxygen, and then mounted on a stereotaxic spinal apparatus. Facetectomies and a discectomy between L1 and L2 vertebrae were performed readily to give traction force to the spinal cord. Spinal cord function was monitored by the first and second negative deflections (I and II, respectively) of the descending spinal cord evoked potentials (descending SCEP) elicited at T7 and recorded at L4 through bipolar catheter electrodes. Both of them were inserted at the midline of the dorsal epidural space. The study was conducted in two parts. In the first part, the cyclic distraction-release program was carried out until motor function was impaired. Distraction was increased in increments of 5 mm, each time maintained for 10 minutes and then totally released for 10 minutes. If neurological deficits in the hind limbs were confirmed by the wake-up test, which was performed every 10 minutes after distraction and release, the 10 minutes' release period was extended for a total period of 30 minutes. The first change in the experimental protocol was transient augmentation of the amplitude of the II deflection which was always observed on a slight distraction, while the I deflection did not change in its amplitude and latency. Each distraction produced a reversible slight reduction of the amplitudes with delay of latencies of the I and II deflections before motor disturbance occurred. However, at a certain traction level paraparesis accompanied by irreversible decrease of amplitudes and delay of latencies was observed, which was confirmed by the wake-up test. At this point, which was designated as the critical point, SCEPs were so time dependent that only a slight amplitude reduction was noted immediately after distraction, but it decreased quickly in a short time during this traction level. Histopathology and microangiography did not show any hemorrhage in the spinal cord of any of the specimens, although there were formation of perivascular space, rupture of a part of nerve fibers in the white matter and findings of acute degeneration in the grey matter. In the second part of this study, a small amount of distraction was introduced until the amplitude of the II deflection depicted transient augmentation, which had a mean amplitude of 167.8 per cent as compared to the control. This enhancement returned approximately to the normal value within 10 minutes by total release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

大鼠脊髓损伤后巢蛋白在脊髓组织中的表达

目的探讨大鼠脊髓损伤后巢蛋白(nestin)的表达规律及其意义。方法30只Wister成年大鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、损伤组(B组)。采用Allen打击模型(25g·cm),在T10段造成急性脊髓损伤,于损伤后1d、3d、1周、4周、8周进行取材,对距离损伤中心5mm处脊髓进行nestin免疫组化检测。应用图像分析软件进行nestin阳性区域面积侧算。结果A组脊髓室管膜细胞只可见极少数细胞胞浆内nestin表达,白质中几乎无表达。B组中nestin于损伤后24h表达于室管膜以及软膜,灰质和白质亦有少量表达,1周达到高峰(P<0.05),4周明显下降,8周时很少或几乎无表达。结论脊髓组织的许多部位可能存在具有分化和更新潜能的祖细胞,脊髓损伤后这些细胞被激活,在功能恢复中可能发挥着重要的作用。     

The prevention of iatrogenic spinal cord injury utilizing the evoked spinal cord potential

Summary The evoked spinal cord potential elicited by direct stimulation of the cord has been used clinically to monitor cord function in the course of operations on the spine. The technique used allows measurement of a relatively large amplitude of potential, which is fairly stable against anaesthetics and related drugs, by means of a simple recording system and is sensitive enough to indicate cord damage. Continuous monitoring can easily be carried out. We have encountered no complications when using this method on 99 patients.

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Résumé Le potentiel évoqué provoqué par la stimulation directe de la moelle épinière a été utilisé en clinique pour contrôler la fonction de la moelle lors des interventions sur le rachis. Cette technique permet de mesurer une assez grande amplitude de potentiel, qui est relativement stable à l'égard des anesthésiques et d'autres drogues de même type, grâce à un système simple d'enregistrement; il est suffisamment sensible pour détecter des altérations de la moelle. Une surveillance continue peut aisément être effectuée. Aucun incident n'a été rencontré chez 99 malades lors de l'utilisation de cette méthode.