Role of dendritic cells in specific atherosclerosis types.

We have read with great interest the recent article on dendriticcells (DCs) in atherosclerosis by Bobryshev¹ that reviewed thecurrent status of the problem and its clinical relevance. Webelieve that the author correctly pointed out the role of     

树突状细胞在动脉粥样硬化中的作用

基础和临床研究均证实,炎症反应在动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)的发生、发展及其导致的临床事件过程中起着重要作用.在发生AS的血管内膜和粥样斑块中可见T淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞以及树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)聚集现象.作为激活T淋巴细胞最主要的抗原提呈细胞,DC具有决定T淋巴细胞活化、凋亡以及聚集等的重要功能.文章就DC与AS病变的相关性进行了综述.     

调节性T细胞对动脉粥样硬化的免疫调节作用

动脉粥样硬化是一种免疫炎症性疾病,发病率和死亡率都很高,根据发病机制用免疫调节法治疗动脉粥样硬化日益受到重视.调节性T细胞因可抑制免疫炎症反应,为治疗动脉粥样硬化提供新的思路.本文就调节性T细胞对动脉粥样硬化免疫调节作用的研究做一综述.     

树突状细胞在动脉粥样硬化免疫反应中的作用

越来越多的证据表明,炎症和免疫反应是各种内在和外在危险因素导致动脉粥样硬化（AS）发生发展的中心环节。而树突状细胞（Dendritic Cell,DC）是一种广泛分布于机体各组织的抗原递呈细胞,它具有不成熟和成熟两种功能状态。一旦不成熟的DC捕获抗原以后,就会发展为成熟的DC,从而具有激活T细胞的功能。近来认为DC可能处于AS免疫反应的中心环节。     

Role of dendritic cells in cardiovascular diseases

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that bridge innate and adaptive immune responses. Recent work has elucidated the DC life cycle, including several important stages such as maturation, migration and homeostasis, as well as DC classification and subsets/locations, which provided etiological insights on the role of DCs in disease processes. DCs have a close relationship to endothelial cells and they interact with each other to maintain immunity. DCs are deposited in the atherosclerotic plaque and contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In addition, the necrotic cardiac cells induced by ischemia activate DCs by Toll-like receptors, which initiate innate and adaptive immune responses to renal, hepatic and cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Furthermore, DCs are involved in the acute/chronic rejection of solid organ transplantation and mediate transplant tolerance as well. Advancing our knowledge of the biology of DCs will aid development of new approaches to treat many cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, cardiac IRI and transplantation.     

树突状细胞在乙型肝炎病毒感染中的作用

树突状细胞（dendriti ccell，DC）能有效地激活并诱导初始T细胞分化，是机体免疫反应的始动者，在免疫应答或免疫耐受中具有独特地位。大量研究证实慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染者中，DC表型及功能存在不同程度的损伤，影响DC对HBV各种抗原的提呈及免疫激活反应，从而使机体免疫耐受致慢性化。如何有效活化DC抗原提呈及免疫激活能力，以抑制体内HBV复制成为新的免疫治疗热点。     

树突状细胞在HIV-1感染中的作用

树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DC)为体内重要的专职抗原提呈细胞(APC),是机体T细胞特异免疫应答的直接启动和调控者。近年来,树突状细胞的分化发育、抗原加工提呈机制及其在肿瘤、感染、自身免疫性疾病和移植排斥中的作用,已经成为免疫学的前沿领域,DCs在生产与控制适宜的免疫反应中扮演了十分重要的角色。未成熟DCs(iDCs)广泛地分布于体内并占据了组织中的“哨所”位置,并     

Role of regulatory dendritic cells in allergy and asthma

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most efficient inducers of all immune responses, and are capable of either inducing productive immunity or maintaining the state of tolerance to self antigens and allergens. In this review, we summarize the emerging literature on DCs, with emphasis on the regulatory function of DCs in allergy and asthma. In particular, we summarize recent data regarding the relationship between DC subsets and T_H1, T_H2, and regulatory T (T_Reg) cells. The diverse functions of DCs have been attributed to distinct lineages of DCs, which arise from common immature precursor cells that differentiate in response to specific maturationinducing or local microenvironment conditions. These subsets of DCs induce different lineages of T cells, such as T_H1, T_H2, and T_Reg cells, including Th1_Reg and Th2_Reg cells, which regulate allergic diseases and asthma. Subsets of DCs regulate the induction of a variety of T-cell subtypes, which suppress the development of allergy and asthma, thus providing antiinflammatory responses and protective immunity.     

Role of mucosal dendritic cells in inflammatory bowel disease

The gastrointestinal innate and adaptive immune system continuously faces the challenge of potent stimuli from the commensal microflora and food constituents. These local immune responses require a tight control, the outcome of which is in most cases the induction of tolerance. Local T cell immunity is an important compartment of the specif ic intestinal immune system. T cell reactivity is programmed during the initial stage of its activation by professional presenting cells. Mucosal dendritic cells （DCs） are assumed to play key roles in regulating immune responses in the antigenrich gastrointestinal environment. Mucosal DCs are a heterogeneous population that can either initiate （innate and adaptive） immune responses, or control intestinal inflammation and maintain tolerance. Defects in this regulation are supposed to lead to the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）, Crohn＇s disease （CD） and ulcerative colitis （UC）. This review will discuss the emerging role of mucosal DCs in regulating intestinal inflammation and immune responses.     

致耐受性树突状细胞和调节性T细胞在支气管哮喘中的作用

支气管哮喘是树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DC)介导的以辅助性T细胞2(T-helper type2,Th2)优势免疫为特征的气道炎症性疾病,DC在变应原触发哮喘的始动环节中发挥中心作用.调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Treg)是一种特殊的T细胞,能够通过多种机制影响DC和效应性T细胞,从而发挥免疫抑制作用.DC不仅对入侵病原体产生免疫应答,而且对无害物质维持免疫耐受.这些具有致耐受性的DC通过多种不同的路径诱导Treg,上调Treg数目和(或)功能,从而抑制免疫应答.应用致耐受性DC作为靶点,有望为哮喘免疫治疗开辟新的途径.     

Role of chemokines in trafficking of lymphocytes and dendritic cells

Lymphocytes continuously recirculate between the vascular system and tissues. Furthermore, different lineages and subsets are capable of migrating to different tissues and tissue microenvironments. Upon proinflammatory stimulation or antigen loading, immature dendritic cells in the skin and mucosa migrate into the T-cell zones of regional lymph nodes, where they become fully differentiated dendritic cells capable of activating naive T cells. These migratory properties of lymphocytes and dendritic cells, which are essential for the homeostasis and function of the immune system, are regulated by various cell-adhesion molecules and by a group of chemokines collectively called "immune chemokines." These chemokines are expressed constitutively in specific tissue microenvironments within the primary and secondary lymphoid organs, act via highly specific G protein-coupled receptors, and regulate the migration of lymphocytes and dendritic cells to specific tissue microenvironments. Immune chemokines are thus key elements in the genesis, maintenance, and function of the immune system.     

血管内皮祖细胞在治疗动脉粥样硬化中的作用

<正>1997年,Asahara等[1]首次发现人体外周血中存在能分化为血管内皮细胞的前体细胞,将其命名为血管内皮祖细胞(endothelial progenitor cells,EPCs)。随后,人们对EPCs进行了大量的研究。内皮祖细胞不仅参与胚胎期的血管发生,而且在成体的血管生长发育中发挥重要作用,对于创伤修     

髓过氧化物酶与动脉粥样硬化

髓过氧化物酶是一种主要由中性粒白细胞分泌的白细胞酶，在动脉粥样硬化病变的形成过程中发挥了重要作用，其表达及活性增加可以促进动脉粥样硬化病变的形成。现主要综述髓过氧化物酶促进动脉粥样硬化形成的机制以及髓过氧化物酶催化活性抑制剂的研究。     

细胞焦亡在动脉粥样硬化中的作用

细胞焦亡是调控性促炎形式引起的细胞死亡,并依赖于属于半胱氨酸依赖性天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶家族(Caspase)的炎性蛋白酶的酶活性激活。其特征在于孔道的形成,质膜破裂,细胞内容物和促炎症介质进入细胞间质,导致炎症和细胞死亡。其中,炎性小体激活Caspase-1对于细胞焦亡的诱导有着重要的作用。近期的研究表明细胞焦亡在动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成过程中有着重要的作用。本文主要介绍细胞焦亡及其产生机制、巨噬细胞焦亡和内皮细胞焦亡的最新进展,以及细胞焦亡与动脉粥样硬化的关系。     

Role of dendritic cells in progression and clinical outcome of colon cancer

Purpose  

The dendritic cells (DCs) are key players in the initiation and regulation of immune responses including antitumor immunity. In the current study, we aimed to elucidate the role of different subtypes of DCs infiltrating the tumor stroma and invasive margin for tumor progression and survival of patients with colon cancer.