姜黄素诱导Jurkat细胞凋亡机制的实验研究

目的 探讨姜黄素对Jurkat（人T淋巴细胞白血病细胞株）细胞增殖抑制率及细胞周期各时相的变化和亚细胞结构改变。方法 应用MTT（噻唑蓝）比色法流式细胞术、电子显微镜技术检测姜黄素对Jurkat细胞的增殖抑制率，细胞周期进程及凋亡率。结果 姜黄素对Jurkat细胞有明显的抑制作用，且呈剂量依赖性，流式细胞仪分析，G1期细胞增高，S期细胞减少，G2／M期细胞相对增多，凋亡率增加。亚细胞结构，细胞空化，染色质趋边凝集。结论 姜黄素能显著抑制Jurkat细胞增殖，阻止G1期细胞向S期转化进程。促进Jurkat细胞凋亡。     

姜黄素诱导Hep-2细胞凋亡及其对细胞周期各时相的影响

目的探讨姜黄素对Hep-2（人喉癌细胞株）细胞诱导分化机制，为喉癌治疗提供理论依据。方法应用MTT（塞唑兰）比色法和流式细胞仪检测Hep-2细胞增殖抑制率及细胞周期各时相的变化和凋亡率，并通过电子显微镜观察经姜黄素诱导分化后的亚细胞结构改变。结果姜黄素对Hep-2细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用，且呈剂量依赖性，流式细胞仪分析，G1期细胞增多，S期细胞减少，C2／M期细胞相对增多，亚细胞结构、细胞空化，染色质趋边凝集。结论姜黄素能够抑制Hep-2细胞增殖，阻止G1期细胞向S期的进程，促进Hep-2细胞凋亡。     

姜黄素对SW480细胞株诱导分化的研究

目的探讨姜黄素对SW480(人结肠癌细胞)细胞株诱导分化机制。方法应用MTT比色法和流式细胞仪测定细胞周期的变化。并通过电子显微镜观察诱导分化后的亚细胞结构。结果姜黄素对SW480细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用。且呈时间、剂量依赖性,流式细胞仪分析G1期细胞堆积、S期细胞减少、G2/M期细胞增多、亚细胞结构、细胞空化、核仁不规则、染色质趋边凝集。结论姜黄素能够抑制SW480细胞增殖,阻止G1期细胞向S期转化的进程,促进SW480细胞凋亡。     

土贝母制剂诱导Tca8113细胞凋亡及其对细胞周期各时相的影响

目的 探讨土贝母制剂对Tca8113细胞（人舌癌细胞株）诱导分化机制,为舌癌治疗提供依据。方法 应用MTT（塞唑蓝）比色法和流式细胞仪检测不同浓度的土贝母制剂对Tca8113细胞增殖抑制率及细胞周期各相的变化和凋亡率,并通过电子显微镜观察其亚细胞结构改变。结果 土贝母制剂对Tca8113细胞细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用,且呈剂量依赖性,流式细胞仪分析G1期细胞增多,S期细胞减少,G2/M期细胞相对增多,亚细胞结构,细胞空化。线粒体肿胀,染色质趋边凝集。结论 土贝母制剂能够抑制Tca8113细胞增殖,阻止G1期细胞向S期的转化进程,诱导Tca8113细胞凋亡。     

与白血病骨髓间充质干细胞共培养后K562细胞增殖与凋亡的变化

目的比较K562细胞与人白血病骨髓间充质干细胞(LMSC)共培养前后增殖和凋亡的变化。方法采用细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)分析法检测SCG和CCG组K562细胞光密度(OD)值,比较不同培养条件下K562细胞的增殖情况。采用流式细胞仪检测与LMSC共培养后K562细胞周期变化,Annexin V/聚酰亚胺(PI)荧光标记法检测血清饥饿后与LMSC共培养后K562细胞凋亡的变化。结果与LMSC共培养后,K562细胞的增殖受到明显抑制,CCG组OD值明显低于SCG组。流式细胞仪检测细胞周期发现,与LMSC共培养后,G0~G1期细胞比例明显增高,S期细胞比例明显下降,且G2~M期细胞比例也呈上升趋势;CCG+0%FBS组K562细胞凋亡较SCG+10%FBS组明显增多,较SCG+0%FBS明显降低,LMSC有抵抗白血病细胞凋亡的作用。结论 LMSC通过阻滞G0~G1期K562细胞周期而发挥抑制增殖的作用,并能抑制血清饥饿诱导的K562细胞凋亡。     

回生口服液对人结肠癌THC8908细胞抑制作用

目的：探讨传统中药回生口服液对结肠癌细胞的生长抑制作用和对细胞周期、细胞凋亡的影响。方法：采用MTT方法观察生长抑制作用、PI荧光染色法、流式细胞术分析法观察对细胞周期、细胞凋亡的影响。结果：回生口服液明显抑制THC8908细胞的生长，其抑制细胞生长能力主要是通过诱导细胞凋亡和影响细胞周期，在影响细胞周期方面，主要使G0／G1期细胞数目增多，S期细胞数目下降，同时诱导G0／G1期细胞凋亡。结论：回生口服液具有抗肿瘤作用，使细胞周期停滞和诱导细胞凋亡是其抗肿瘤作用机制约重要方面。     

蒿甲醚对K562细胞作用的体外实验研究

目的:探讨蒿甲醚对人慢性髓性白血病细胞K562体外增殖、细胞周期和凋亡的影响.方法:采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(简称MTT)法测定不同浓度蒿甲醚对K562细胞生长抑制作用.计算半数抑制浓度(IC50);流式细胞术DNA含量分析检测蒿甲醚对K562细胞周期的影响,流式细胞仪TUNEL法检测蒿甲醚对K562细胞凋亡的作用.结果:蒿甲醚可以抑制K562细胞增殖,经药物作用24、48、72 h后,IC50分别为(32.27±0.15)、(27.48±0.08)、(25.00±0.37)μg/mL;流式细胞术DNA含量分析结果显示蒿甲醚作用后,G2/M期细胞增多;流式细胞术TUNEL法显示蒿甲醚作用后K562细胞凋亡率和坏死率均高于对照组.结论:蒿甲醚可以抑制人慢性髓性白血病细胞株K562细胞增殖、影响细胞周期、诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡.     

5-FU联合热疗诱导SW480细胞凋亡及其对细胞周期的影响

目的探讨5-Fu（5-氟尿嘧啶）联合热疗诱导SW480细胞（人结直肠癌细胞株）的增殖抑制率、细胞周期各时相的影响及亚细胞结构改变。方法应用MTT比色法检测SW480细胞的增殖抑制率,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期各时相的变化,电子显微镜观察亚细胞结构变化。结果联合热疗组与5-FU组、热疗组相比差异非常显著,P〈0．01。且SW480细胞周期进程发生明显改变,G1期细胞增多、S期细胞减少、G2／M细胞相对增多,细胞凋亡率升高。电子显微镜结果显示染色质趋边凝集、线粒体膜、溶酶体膜、内质网膜系统明显改变,可见凋亡小体。结论5-FU联合热疗可显著提高SW480细胞增殖抑制率,抑制SW480细胞G1期向S期转化进程,诱导细胞凋亡及亚细胞结构改变。     

miR-144-3p对K562细胞增殖、周期及凋亡的影响

目的：研究mi R-144-3p对慢性髓性白血病急变期K562细胞增殖、周期和凋亡的影响。方法：体外培养K562细胞，通过转染试剂分别将模拟物阴性对照、mi R-144-3p模拟物、抑制物阴性对照、mi R-144-3p抑制物转染入K562细胞。将细胞分为空白对照、模拟物阴性对照、mi R-144-3p模拟物、抑制物阴性对照和mi R-144-3p抑制物共5组。采用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖，使用流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡情况。结果：与空白对照、模拟物阴性对照组比较，mi R-144-3p模拟物组细胞增殖率明显减低（P<0.05）,S期细胞明显增加（P<0.05）,G1期细胞明显减少（P<0.05），细胞凋亡率明显升高（P<0.05）；与空白对照、抑制物阴性对照组比较，mi R-144-3p抑制物组细胞增殖率明显升高（P<0.05）,S期细胞明显减少（P<0.05）,G1期细胞明显增加（P<0.05），细胞凋亡率明显下降（P<0.05）。结论：mi R-144-3p能够抑制K562细胞增殖、促进凋亡，影响细胞周期，将K562细胞阻滞在S期...     

不同浓度羟基脲对K562 ATM/ATR基因表达及细胞凋亡与周期变化的研究

目的探讨不同浓度羟基脲对K562细胞ATM（ataxia telangiectasia mutated）／ATR（ATM—Rad3-Related）基因表达的影响及相应的细胞周期变化和细胞凋亡机制。方法以不同剂量的羟基脲作用于K562细胞株，逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）半定量检测ATM／ATR基因表达，流式细胞术检测BCL-2、AnnexinV和细胞周期。结果随药物浓度升高，ATM基因表达量增强而ATR基因表达量降低，BCL-2蛋白表达阳性率分别为38％，33％，30％，28％和18％，0．25与2．0μmoL／L羟基脲作用差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），细胞凋亡差异有统计学意义；不加入药物的K562细胞ATM和ATR几乎不表达，亚二倍体和G1期细胞数增多，s期和G2／M期细胞减少。结论不同药物浓度下，ATM和ATR基因表达模式的变化与BCL-2水平、细胞周期和细胞凋亡率的改变相关，这提示ATM和ATR途径存在相互调节机制并涉及不同的胞内信号传导途径。     

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Clear cell RCC is the most common type of RCC that occurs in adults. It has the worst prognosis among the common epithelial tumors of the kidney. Histologically, a wide range of morphologic patterns can be encountered. Those cases with a multi-locular cystic architecture are considered to be a distinct subtype because of the clinicopathologic features.     

Tumor cell growth and cell kinetics

Cancer cells differ from normal cells in many ways, but most importantly by not responding to normal growth-control mechanisms. Whereas the growth and division of normal cells is carefully regulated to meet the needs of the body, tumor cells proliferate autonomously and continually, eventually interfering with and destroying the functions of normal tissue. Knowledge of molecular cell biology has grown exponentially over the last decade. Yet much remains to be understood before there can be a significant impact on our ability to design more effective therapeutic strategies for cancer patients, thereby decreasing mortality.     

Basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical and histologic subtypes, pathophysiology, recognition, and treatment options for basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma, and the molecular biology of sunlight-induced carcinogenesis. DATA SOURCES: Journal and review articles, research studies, textbooks, and clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: Basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma will occur in more than one million cases annually in the United States, and are highly curable when detected and treated early. During the last decade, significant progress has been made in elucidating the molecular basis of skin carcinogenesis and in identifying newer approaches for the management and treatment of these keratinocyte cancers. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses can play crucial roles in decreasing the morbidity and mortality from the skin cancer epidemic by identifying and referring patients with lesions suspicious for basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas.     

White cell related red cell antibodies

Occasional sera react weakly with a few red cells in the antiglobulin phase but without a recognizable pattern. We sought to identify the nature of such antibodies in 27 samples referred to our HLA laboratory for lymphocytotoxin testing. All samples were tested against a panel of 15 red cells by a capillary tube antiglobulin technique developed to conserve sera. This technique correlates well with tube antiglobulin tests, and can be performed with either fresh or thawed red cells. Of 27 sera, 14 contained anti-HLA B7, B17, or A28, since they reacted only with red cells from donors whose lymphocytes were B7, B17, or A28. Eight further sera probably contained anti-B7, -B17, or -A28, but reacted with one or two additional red cells. Two samples agglutinated all panel red cells so the presence of anti-B7, B17, or A28 could not be determined. In three additional sera, lymphocytotoxin testing suggested that specificity other than anti-B7, B17, or A28 was present. Of 27 sera containing weak unidentified red cell antibodies, 22 (81%) contain definite or probable anti-B7, -B17, or -A28. The identity of these troublesome antibodies can be determined by maintaining red cell panels of donors whose HLA phenotypes are known.     

Red blood cell storage and cell morphology

Aim: In this study, we performed weekly assessment of morphology‐related parameters through monitoring of CPD‐SAGM leuco‐filtered erythrocyte concentrates from blood withdrawal until the 42nd day of storage. Background: Liquid storage of red blood cells (RBCs) delivers a blood‐derived therapeutic, which is safe, available, effective and affordable for most patients who need transfusion therapy in developed countries. However, a growing body of accumulating controversial evidences, from either biochemical or retrospective clinical studies, prompted safety concerns about longer stored RBCs. Methods: Statistical image analysis through scanning electron microscope was coupled to osmotic fragility and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Results: We could observe that by day 21 more than 50% of RBCs displayed non‐discocyte phenotypes. This observation was related to an increase in osmotic fragility, which was totally overlapped in day 0 controls and day 7 RBCs while only slightly augmented in day 14 samples. Cation dysregulation (pH internal/external alteration and potassium) might both reflect and trigger a negative feedback loop with metabolic fluxes and membrane cation pumps. Conclusion: Morphology parameters suggest that significant alterations to RBC morphology over storage duration occur soon after the 14th day of storage, as to become significant enough within the 21st day.     

Human mononuclear cell modulation of endothelial cell proliferation

Endothelial cell proliferation is a histologic characteristic of several forms of nephritis characterized by infiltration of the glomerulus with mononuclear cells. To investigate the mechanism mediating this event, human endothelial cells isolated from umbilical veins and cultured in vitro were incubated with supernatants of cultured human mononuclear cells. Supernatants from mononuclear cells exerted a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on endothelial cell proliferation. The stimulatory effect of supernatant was almost entirely removed by prior depletion of mononuclear cells of monocytes by adherence, suggesting that a monocyte product was responsible for the activity. To investigate the nature of the ligand responsible, partially purified human interleukin I added to endothelial cell cultures was found to stimulate cellular proliferation.     

Dendritic cell vaccine strategies for renal cell carcinoma

Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines are an important experimental immunotherapy for renal cell carcinomas. DC vaccines have proven safe, but only minimal clinical efficacy has been observed to date. DC vaccine strategies reflect the continually evolving understanding of DC biology. The use of mature DCs is particularly important to avoid the induction of regulatory T cells. Better defined sources of immunizing antigens and more efficient antigen-loading will contribute to DC vaccines of better quality. Improved clinical efficacy may also be achieved using DCs that secrete biologically active IL-12, which fosters innate immunity and polarizes T helper type 1 responses that contribute to optimal antitumor immunity. Furthermore, combination therapies that treat systemic immune suppression will be crucial for obtaining improved clinical responses to DC vaccines in patients with advanced disease.     

胰岛细胞移植过程中细胞受损的提示

背景:胰岛移植后可能发生有害的组织不相容性反应,影响细胞的存活及功能.目的:探讨胰岛细胞移植中早期胰岛细胞的损害程度及原因.方法:采用脑死亡自愿捐赠器官供者的胰腺,采用胶原酶P进行消化分离胰岛细胞,测定不同冷缺血时间下胰岛细胞损害程度.将胰岛细胞与血液进行分组培养,HLA匹配组:受者全血+胰岛细胞,受者全血+胰岛细胞+肝素:错配组:受者全血+胰岛细胞,受者全血+胰岛细胞+肝素;对照组:受者伞血+RPMI1640.观察移植早期可能出现的胰岛细胞损害.结果与结论:胰腺切取顺利,在冷缺血5 h以内胰岛细胞活性率都在80%以上,超过8 h活性胰岛细胞数量只有19%甚至更低.人胰岛暴露于未经抗凝的人血液中,胰岛将诱发一个迅速血细胞消耗.血小板、中性粒细胞和单核细胞计数显示,无论HLA错配还是匹配与对照组相比较血细胞都发牛明显的消耗:加入肝素后HLA错配组及HLA匹配组血细胞消耗反应明显减轻;HLA匹配组胰岛细胞体外培养24 h活性胰岛细胞数量高丁HLA错配组(P<0.05),说明良好组织相容性有利于胰岛细胞存活.结果提示冷缺血时间对胰岛细胞活性的影响很大,在冷缺血时间小于5 h的情况下获取的胰腺可以用于临床胰岛细胞移植的胰腺获取;移植到血液的胰岛细胞会有普遍性的炎症性损害及HLA相关性损害.     

CEUS鉴别诊断肾透明细胞癌和嫌色细胞癌

目的 探讨CEUS对肾透明细胞癌（CCRCC）和嫌色细胞癌（ChRCC）的鉴别诊断价值。方法 收集接受肾脏CEUS检查并经术后病理证实为CCRCC的患者75例及ChRCC的患者26例。观察CCRCC和ChRCC的增强方式、增强程度、增强形态、假包膜征及病灶对局部淋巴结、肾包膜及肾静脉的侵犯情况,并绘制时间-强度曲线,获得校正的始增时间（ΔAT）、达峰时间（ΔTTP）和峰值强度（ΔPI）,进行统计学分析。结果 CCRCC多表现高增强（41/75,54.67%）、弥漫性增强（54/75,72.00%）和不均匀增强（58/75,77.33%）,56.00%（42/75）有假包膜征。ChRCC多表现为低增强（19/26,73.08%）、向心性增强（14/26,53.85%）和均匀增强（17/26,65.38%）,61.54%（16/26）有假包膜征。CCRCC与ChRCC增强程度、增强方式及增强形态的差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,假包膜征检出率的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。CCRCC的ΔAT和ΔTTP与ChRCC比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）,而CCRCC的ΔPI明显高于ChRCC（P<0.001）。以ΔPI=0.05%为阈值鉴别诊断CCRCC和ChRCC的准确率最高,其敏感度为82.70%,特异度为100%,ROC曲线下面积为0.969。CCRCC出现肾周和（或）肾窦脂肪受累和肾门和（或）腹膜后淋巴结转移的百分率均高于ChRCC（P均<0.05）。结论 CCRCC和ChRCC具有不同的CEUS特征,有助于二者的鉴别诊断。