肺鳞状细胞癌中人类乳头瘤病毒16/18感染和P53蛋白表达的关系

目的研究肺鳞状细胞癌中HPV16／18型感染状态和P53蛋白表达的关系。方法原位杂交检测肺鳞状细胞癌中HPV16／18DNA，免疫组化检测P53蛋白，形态学观察癌组织中的挖空细胞。结果44例肺鳞状细胞癌中，23例（52．27％）HPV16／18型呈整合状态，9例（20．45％）呈大部分游离少许整合状态，12例（27．27％）阴性。15例非肿瘤肺组织标本中未检测到HPV16／18型，差异有极显著性意义（P〈0．01）；27例肺鳞状细胞癌（61．36％）P53蛋白阳性，其表达与HPV16／18在癌细胞中的存在状态有关（P〈0．05）；19例（43．18％）可见挖空细胞。HPV的感染、挖空细胞与肿瘤的分化程度有关（均P〈0．05）。结论HPV感染可能是一部分肺鳞状细胞癌的致癌因素之一，这部分癌中P53的表达显著低于HPV阴性和存在游离状态HPV的病例。挖空细胞某种程度上预示HPV的感染，但不是确定HPV感染的良好指标。     

某市食管癌组织中人类乳头状瘤病毒感染情况的研究

目的研究河南省食管癌高发区食管癌组织中人类乳头状瘤病毒感染与食管鳞状细胞癌发生的关系。方法利用PCR和免疫组织化学技术检测68例食管癌,15例非典型增生食管上皮和53例正常食管黏膜组织中人类乳头状瘤病毒HPV16／18感染和HPV16／18E6蛋白的表达情况。结果68例食管癌中,HPV DNA阳性率为67．6％（46／68）。在正常食管黏膜、非典型增生上皮及鳞状细胞癌组织中HPV16／18E6的阳性率分别为9．4％（5／53）、40．0％（6／15）和61．2％（42／68）,癌组织中HPV16／18E6蛋白的阳性表达率明显高于非典型增生上皮和正常食管黏膜（P〈0．05）,非典型增生上皮中HPV16／18E6蛋白的阳性表达率亦明显高于正常食管黏膜（P〈0．05）。结论HPV16／18型感染可能在某食管癌高发区食管癌的发生中起重要作用。     

HPV16,18E6和p53蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达

目的探讨HPV16，18E6和p53蛋白在人乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达的意义。方法采用免疫组化技术检测60例乳腺浸润性导管癌、30例乳腺腺病和30例正常乳腺组织中HPV16，18E6蛋白和p53蛋白。结果乳腺浸润性导管癌组中HPV16，18E6蛋白阳性和HPV16，18E6蛋白阴性两组间p53蛋白的阳性表达差异均有显著性（P〈0．05），HPV16，18E6蛋白阳性组显示与p53蛋白表达呈显著负相关（r=-0．2954，P〈0．05）。结论高危HPV16、18型感染后导致野生型P^53的灭活和降解可能涉及HPV16、18型感染后人乳腺上皮细胞癌变的转化和发生过程。     

非小细胞肺癌中人乳头瘤病毒感染与细胞增殖及凋亡的关系

目的探讨人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）16、18型感染与原发性非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）组织中细胞增殖及凋亡的关系及其意义。方法应用PCR、TUNEL和免疫组化SP法分别检测76例NSCLC及13例肺良性病变中HPV16、18型DNA、细胞凋亡和增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）的表达，并分别计算增殖指数（MI）和凋亡指数（AI）。结果NSCLC中HPV16、18型总阳性率为40．8％（31／76），而肺良性病变组阳性率为7．7％（1／13），差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。HPV感染在不同组织学类型及有无淋巴结转移间差异无显著性意义，而在不同组织分化程度间差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。NSCLC中HPV阳性组与阴性组之间MI及AI差异均有显著性意义（均P〈0．05）。结论HPV16、18型感染在NSCLC发生中可能有病因学意义，其致癌机制之一可能通过减少癌变细胞凋亡和促进细胞异常增殖而导致细胞癌变。     

宫颈癌组织中HPV和p53基因表达的检测

①目的 探讨人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染和p53基因异常在宫颈癌发生发展中的作用。②方法 用PCR技术检测12例宫颈原位癌、45例宫颈癌和20例正常宫颈组织中HPVl6／18DNA，RT-PCR检测HPV16／18阳性标本E6基因mRNA表达，聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性（PCR-SSCP）技术检测p53基因外显子5～8的突变，同时采用免疫组化技术检测P53蛋白的表达。③结果 宫颈原位癌、宫颈癌HPV16／18阳性率均为66．67％，明显高于正常宫颈组织（20．00％），差异有显著性（χ^2=5．12、12．09，P〈0．05、0．01）。宫颈癌组织中HPV16／18 E6基因mRNA阳性表达率明显高于正常宫颈组织，差异有显著性（P=0．039）。宫颈原位癌和正常宫颈组织间、宫颈原位癌和宫颈癌间HPV16／18 E6 mRNA阳性表达率差异均无显著性（P=0．141、0．272）。45例宫颈癌标本中测得exon5和exon7突变各1例，均发生在HPV阴性宫颈癌组织，未检测到exon6和exon8的突变。宫颈原位癌和正常宫颈组织中均未检测到p53基因突变。正常宫颈组织中未检测到P53蛋白表达，宫颈原位癌和宫颈癌组织中P53蛋白阳性表达率分别为25．00％和42．22％，明显高于正常宫颈组织（χ^2=10．81，P（0．01）。P53蛋白的表达与HPV16／18感染无明显相关性（P〉O．05）。④结论 HPV感染和p53基因异常与官颈癌的发生密切相关，官颈癌组织中p53基因的突变率较低，推测P53蛋白的异常累积可能并非p53基因突变所致。     

Western blot法检测CIN宫颈液基细胞残液中HPV16、18E6感染的临床意义

目的：探讨免疫印记法（Western blot）检测子宫颈上皮内瘤变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasis，CIN）宫颈液基细胞残液中人乳头状瘤病毒（human papillomaviruses，HPV）16、18E6感染的临床意义。方法：采用Westem blot法检测经病理证实的86例CLN和14例慢性宫颈炎的宫颈液基细胞残液中HPV16、18E6的感染状况。结果：宫颈液基细胞残液中HPV16、18E6感染的阳性率分别为CINⅠ组33．3％（8／24）；CINⅡ组46．7％（14／30）；CINⅢ组59．3％（19／32）。慢性宫颈炎（对照组）阳性率7．1％（1／14）。CINⅠ组与对照组比较差异无显著性（P＞0．05），CINⅡ组和CINⅢ组与对照组比较均有统计学差异（P＜0．05）。结论：Westem blot法检测CIN患者宫颈液基细胞残液中HPV16、18E6感染可以补充细胞学检查结果，对预防宫颈癌发生及降低其死亡率有重要意义。     

HPVE6、E7与p53蛋白表达在非小细胞肺癌中的相关性研究

目的探讨人乳头瘤病毒（Human papillomavirus，HPV）E6、E7和p53蛋白在非小细胞肺癌（Non-small-cell lung cancer，NSCLC）中的表达及相关性。方法应用免疫组化方法（IHC）分别检测60例NSCLC组织中HPVE6、研原癌蛋白和p53蛋白的表达情况。结果NSCLC中HPVE6、E7原癌蛋白的检出率为41．7％；p53的阳性率为61．7％；HPVE6、E7阳性表达与高中分化程度的NSCLC及吸烟相关，且HPVE6、E7阳性表达组中p53蛋白阳性表达率（70．3％）显著高于阴性组（48．6％）（P〈0．05）。结论HPV感染可能导致p53基因突变，可能是NSCLC发生的另一重要病因学因素。     

P53蛋白及EGFR在肺癌中的表达及其意义

应用S－P免疫组化法对85例肺癌及25例肺良性疾病标本进行了P53蛋白及EGFR的检测。结果：P53蛋白在肺癌中的阳性率为50．6％（43／85）。鳞癌及大细胞癌阳性率显著高于腺癌及小细胞癌的阳性率（P＜0．05）。肺良性疾病标本均阴性。P53蛋白阳性者的淋巴结转移率（79．1％，34／43）显著高于P53蛋白阴性者的转移率（57．1％，24／42）（P＜0．05）。提示P53蛋白在肺癌的发生发展及转移中起重要作用。EGFR在肺癌中的阳性率为72．9％（62／85），而在肺良性病变中为12％（3／25），两者阳性率差异显著（P＜0．05）。EGFR过度表达与肺癌病理类型及是否发生转移均无相关性。肺癌癌旁组织EGFR阳性率65．3％（62／95）。增生组癌旁组织阳性率（81．0％，47／58）显著高于无增生组阳性率（40．5％，15／37）（P＜0．05），无增生组癌旁组织阳性率显著高于肺良性疾病阳性率（P＜0．05）。提示EGFR过度表达与癌旁组织的增生密切相关，可能是肺癌发生的早期事件，在肺癌的发生中起重要作用。P53蛋白及EGFR共同表达者淋巴结转移率（85．3％，29／34）显著高于非共同阳性者的转移率（48．8％，21／43）（P＜0．01）。因此，P53蛋白及EGFR共同阳性提示肺癌具有高度转移潜能，预后可能较差。     

非小细胞肺癌CDH13及DAPK基因CpG岛甲基化的研究

目的：探讨非小细胞肺癌患者抑癌基因CDH13及DAPK基因CpG岛甲基化情况及其临床意义。方法采用甲基化特异性-PCR方法检测40例非小细胞肺癌患者（肺癌组）和30例肺良性病变患者（肺良性病变组）的抑癌基因CDH13及DAPK的CpG岛甲基化的情况。结果肺癌组织 CDH13、DAPK 基因 CpG 岛甲基化率分别为47．5％（19／40）、40．0％（16／40）,癌旁组织分别为27．5％（11／40）、30．0％（12／40）,肺良性病变组织均为0。癌组织、癌旁组织CDH13、DAPK的CpG岛甲基化率均明显高于良性病变组（P＜0．05）,但癌组织与癌旁组织间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。鳞癌与腺癌组织CDH13、DAPK的CpG岛甲基化率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论非小细胞肺癌组织存在CDH13、DAPK的CpG岛甲基化,其与非小细胞肺癌发生发展有着密切关系。     

非小细胞肺癌中COX-2、P-gp的表达及其与人乳头状瘤病毒感染的关系

目的研究非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中COX-2、P—gp的表达及两者的相关性，以探讨COX-2在NSCLC多药耐药中的作用；分析NSCLC中COX-2、P—gp表达与人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）感染的相关性。方法应用免疫组化法检测54例NSCLC及16例肺良性病变组织中COX-2、P-gp蛋自表达，应用PCR法检测两组中HPV16／18DNA的表达。结果①NSCLC中COX-2和P-gp表达阳性率分别为59．3％（32／54）和46．3％（25／54），远癌正常组织未见阳性表达；②COX-2阳性组中P—gp的表达阳性率为65．6％（21／32），明显高于COX-2阴性组的18．2％（4／22），两者有显著相关性（r=0．468，P〈0．05）；③肺腺癌中COX-2表达阳性率73．1％（19／26），明显高于肺鳞癌46．4％（13／28）（P〈0．05），NSCLC中COX-2表达与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期和吸烟史等无关（均P〉0．05）；④NSCLC中HPV16／18DNA总检出率为40．7％（22／54），肺良性病变组为6．3％（1／16），两者差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）；32例COX-2阳性的病例中HPVDNA同时阳性有13例，22例COX-2阴性病例中有13例HPVDNA阴性，两者无相关性（P〉0．05）；HPVDNA阳性组与阴性组间P-gp的阳性表达率分别为40．9％（9／22）及50．0％（16／32），两组间差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。结论COX-2可能通过上调P—gp的表达而参与对NSCLC多药耐药的调节；NSCLC中COX-2、P-gp表达与HPV感染无协同作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.