活体供肾术前评估中16层螺旋CT的价值

目的：评价16层螺旋CT三维重建在活体供肾血管、肾实质、泌尿系统评估中的实际应用价值.方法：回顾2004年以来41例活体肾移植供体临床资料,术前均行16层螺旋CT扫描,采集肾动脉期、静脉期以及排泄期的影像数据,采用MIP、VR、MPR和CRP等三维图像后处理技术,评估供体肾动脉、肾静脉、泌尿集合系统和肾实质情况,与术中所见相对照.结果：41例供肾动脉显示,34例双肾单支动脉供血,其中2例左肾动脉、3例右肾动脉分支较早;4例右肾见一支副肾动脉,3例左肾见一支副肾动脉;术中证实有1例右副肾动脉,1例左肾动脉早期分支未能在影像中显示清楚,准确率95.1%.41例供肾静脉显示,37例双肾静脉为单支,4例右侧双支肾静脉;术中证实5例右侧双支肾静脉未能在影像中显示,准确率87.8%;泌尿集合系统显影满意,1例左侧双肾盂双输尿管畸形.结论：16层螺旋CT三维重建能准确显示供体肾脏血管、泌尿集合系统、肾实质解剖及可能的病理情况,给临床肾移植术前评估提供有价值的帮助,可作为供体术前检查的首选方法.     

多层螺旋CT在活体肾移植供肾评估及取肾手术方式选择中的应用

目的 评价多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在活体肾移植供肾及取肾手术方式选择中的应用价值.方法 90例活体肾移植供者接受了MSCT平扫及动脉期、静脉期和排泄期的扫描.采用最大密度投影和容积再现技术进行血管成像,所有MSCT图像均由2位影像医师盲法下独立进行分析和评价.根据重建的CT图像,影像医师与肾移植医师进行讨论,选择左肾还是右肾作为供肾,并确定采用腹腔镜下取肾手术或是开放式取肾手术.结果 90例供者中,78例接受了左肾切取术,其中71例左侧供肾无明显变异者接受了常规腹腔镜下取肾手术,7例两侧肾脏均存在如副肾动脉、多支肾静脉,或者肾静脉位于腹主动脉后方等较明显变异,接受了左肾开放式取肾手术;12例因左肾存在明显变异,接受了右肾切取术,均行手辅助腹腔镜下取肾手术.所有术中记录的肾血管及集尿系统的解剖结构与术前MSCT评价一致,其准确率为100％.2位影像医师在评价肾动脉、肾静脉和集尿系统中显示了很好的一致性.90例取肾手术全部成功,移植术后受者未发生肾静脉血栓形成等血管并发症.结论 MSCT作为活体肾移植供者术前评价“一站式”检查方法,可以为供肾和取肾手术方式的选择提供准确、有价值的信息.     

多层螺旋CT在活体肾移植供者术前评估中的作用

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MELt)在活体肾移植供者术前评估中的作用.方法 对104名活体供肾者术前肾脏MDCT检查的资料进行回顾性分析.均采用64层螺旋CT检查,对双肾进行非增强扫描,注射造影剂后分别行动脉、静脉和排泄期增强扫描,扫描范围从膈顶到耻骨联合.扫描完后重建MDCT图像.根据MDCT图像,记录供者肾脏、输尿管、肾动脉及肾静脉的解剖结构和变异情况,并以供肾切取术中被证实的情况作为标准,对比分析术前MDCT检查对供肾的评估作用.结果 104名供者成功完成MDCT检查,肾脏和输尿管异常者8例.除外1例蹄铁型肾,副肾动脉和肾动脉过早分支的发生率分别为27.2%(28/103)和12.6%(13/103),有双肾静脉者3例,左肾静脉位于腹主动脉之后者3例.共有93名供者成功接受供肾切取术,术中证实,术侧供肾和输尿管异常与术前MDCT检查结果一致;术侧副肾动脉的检出率为80%.直径大于1 mm的副肾动脉和肾动脉过早分支术前均被MDCF检出;肾静脉均与术前MDCT检查结果一致.结论 活体供肾切取前采用MDCT检查能准确显示肾脏的解剖结构和血管变异情况,对供者选择及手术方案的制定具有重要意义.     

64层螺旋CT血管成像及三维重建后处理技术对活体供肾血管的评估

目的 评价64层螺旋CT血管成像及三维重建后处理技术对活体供肾血管术前评估的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2013年3月临沂市人民医院泌尿外科61例亲属活体肾移植供者术前64层螺旋CT血管成像及三维重建影像资料,观察供肾实质、肾动脉、肾静脉和肾盂、输尿管排泄系统,并与术中所见结果进行对照分析.结果 64层螺旋CT血管成像及三维重建图像基本清晰显示所有供者的双肾解剖结构及毗邻关系情况.肾实质密度及肾动脉管径、形态均正常,其中47例双肾均为单支肾动脉,4例左肾为2支肾动脉,5例右肾为2支肾动脉,5例双肾均为2支肾动脉.53例容积再现结合最大密度投影图像对输尿管排泄系统显示较好,49例表面遮盖成像图像较好地显示了肾动脉主干的起源、管径、形态及与周围组织的解剖关系,肾动脉CT仿真内镜成像能清晰显示腹主动脉、双肾动脉开口及肾动脉管腔.61例供者均行单侧肾切除术,术前血管成像结果与术中所见基本吻合.结论 64层螺旋CT血管成像及三维重建后处理技术能真实反映肾血管的解剖及毗邻关系,在某种程度上完全可以替代数字减影血管造影,可作为术前评估活体供肾血管的有效方法.     

16层螺旋CT血管造影及三维重建技术在活体供肾动脉解剖学评估中的应用

目的 探讨16层螺旋CT血管造影在活体供肾动脉解剖学评估中的应用价值。方法 36名亲属活体供肾者在肾切取前进行肾动脉16层螺旋CT血管造影及血管三维成像，血管三维成像方法包括容积再现技术（VR）、最大密度投影（MIP）、表面遮盖成像（SSD）、血管内镜技术（CTVE）、多平面重建（MPR）及曲面重建（CPR）。结果 横断面CT及MPR显示所有供者的双肾大小、形态及位置均正常，肾实质密度正常，呈均匀强化。VR、MIP、CPR显示双肾动脉粗细、形态均正常；29例双肾均为单一肾动脉，2例双肾有2支肾动脉，2例左肾为2支肾动脉，3例右肾为2支肾动脉，上述结果均在术中得到证实。11例VR及MIP同时较好地显示双侧肾小盏、肾盂及输尿管上段。SSD均能很好显示肾动脉主干的起源、大小、形态及与周围的解剖关系。CTVE能较好显示腹主动脉、双肾动脉开口及肾动脉血管内腔。结论 16层螺旋CT血管造影可作为活体肾移植术前了解供肾血管及形态的有效方法。     

肾移植活体供者术前多层螺旋CT检查的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在肾移植活体供者术前检查中的应用价值.方法 采用MSCT对11例受检者进行双侧肾脏及全尿路增强扫描,观察原始图像并对原始数据进行后处理,评估肾脏血管解剖变异、肾实质和收集系统的情况.结果 MSCT清晰显示了肾脏和全尿路,11例受检者22个肾脏中,发现肾脏副肾动脉7支、肾主肾动脉早期分支5支、10支肾动脉由单一动脉供血;22支肾静脉未见异常,均为1支肾静脉;存在肾囊肿1例,肝左叶海绵状血管瘤1例;10例肾实质形态和集合系统均未见异常.7例供者行供肾摘除术,术中所见供肾血管情况与MSCT术前评估结果一致.结论 MSCT应用增强扫描能较好显示受检者肾脏血管变异、肾实质形态和肾脏收集系统情况,可作为肾移植活体供者术前评估的重要方法.     

多层螺旋CT血管造影在血管压迫所致肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻中的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管造影（CTA）对血管压迫所致肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻（UPJO）中的诊断价值。方法分析手术证实的16例血管压迫所致UPJO患者的CT血管造影图像,观察有无肾脏血管变异,肾盂输尿管连接部周围有无骑跨血管、血管的起源、大小及其与UPJO间的关系。结果16例UPJO中,肾动脉解剖变异12例,肾静脉解剖变异3例。CTA16例见19支血管压迫,其中动脉血管15支,静脉血管4支。单支血管压迫13例,双支血管压迫3例,包括副。肾动脉12例,迷走动脉3例,性腺静脉2例,副肾静脉2例。均与手术病理相吻合。结论多层螺旋CTA不但能够了解肾脏血管解剖及变异,并且在血管压迫所致UPJO的诊断及手术治疗方面具有重要价值。     

MRA在亲属活体肾移植供体术前评估中的价值（附60例报告）

目的:探讨磁共振肾血管显像(MRA)在亲属活体肾移植供体术前综合评估中的临床应用价值.方法:回顾性分析60例供体术前MRA资料,并与术中肾血管解剖发现作对比,以后者作为诊断的金标准.结果:60例供体术中证实单支肾动脉54例,6例存在副肾动脉.其中2例术前MRA曾诊断供肾单支动脉.MRA供肾血管有效阳性预测值为96.6%,假阴性率为33%,多支血管敏感性为66%.无一例供体在MRA检查中发生副反应而放弃检查.结论:亲属活体肾移植供体术前应常规进行MRA作血管三维成像检查.MRA术前能够充分了解供肾体积、引流系统及实质有无畸形,帮助供体选择.确保取肾术绝对安全,提高取肾质量.     

活体肾移植供肾血管影像学评估的应用价值

肾移植是终末期肾病的重要治疗手段。随着肾移植手术需求量的增大及对术后移植肾功能恢复要求的增高,术前供肾的筛选及评估引起了临床医师的关注。术前全面清晰了解肾动、静脉的正常解剖及变异,可缩短手术时间,提高手术成功率。随着影像学技术的不断发展,多层螺旋CT血管造影（MSCTA）、磁共振血管造影（MRA）、彩色多普勒超声及肾动脉血管造影已成为术前评估供肾血管情况的主要影像学方法,其中MSCTA具有快速、相对无创、敏感性及准确性高等特点,可作为活体肾移植前了解供肾血管的首选检查方法。本文综述了各种影像学方法的优、缺点,临床医师需根据患者的不同需求来选择最合适的影像学评估方法。     

基于CT数据的三维可视化技术在肾血管解剖变异分析中的应用

目的探讨基于CT数据的三维可视化技术在肾血管解剖变异分析中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2020年10月至2021年6月聊城市人民医院收治的210例患者的临床资料, 患者因肾肿瘤、肾上腺肿瘤或肾囊肿等行肾增强CT检查。男114例, 女96例。年龄(56.5±13.2)岁。将CT检查数据通过3D Slicer软件重建包含肾血管的三维可视化模型。根据三维可视化模型, 以腹腔镜根治性肾切除术和腹腔镜肾部分切除术时是否需要处理的角度, 分析肾血管解剖情况。肾动脉变异分为多支肾动脉、肾动脉早发分支, 以及同时具有以上两种变异的混合型。肾静脉变异分为多支肾静脉、肾静脉晚期汇合, 以及同时具有以上两种变异的混合型。结果本研究210例, 男性和女性的肾动脉变异分别为95例(41.7%)和79例(41.2%)(P=0.914), 肾静脉变异分别为58例(25.4%)和62例(32.3%)(P=0.121), 差异均无统计学意义。本研究420个肾脏中, 肾动脉变异(174/420, 41.4%)较肾静脉变异(121/420, 28.8%)更常见(P<0.01)。不同肾动脉变异类型的肾脏数量:多支肾动脉分...     

Sixteen-row multislice computerized tomography angiography in the postoperative evaluation of patients with intracranial aneurysms

The goal of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of 16-row multislice computed tomography angiography (CTA) compared with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the detection of aneurysm remnants and arterial patency after clipping of intracranial aneurysms. Thirty-seven consecutive patients with 40 clipped aneurysms (39 of which had ruptured) were studied with the aid of postoperative CTA and DSA. CTA was performed with a 16-row multislice CT scanner by using collimation of 0.75 mm. Two neuroradiologists evaluated the image quality of CTA and the presence of the residual aneurysms with a 5-point rating scale. DSA was considered a reference standard. Two aneurysms with incomplete closure were identified by the 16-slice CTA reconstructions. With 16-slice CTA, there were no false-positive results of an aneurysm with incomplete closure in any patient. Arterial patency could be reliably evaluated close to the clip. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 16-slice CTA for aneurysm occlusion and arterial patency were 100%[97.5% confidence interval (CI): 15.8 - 100%], 100% (97.5% CI: 90.7 - 100%) and 100% (97.5% CI: 91.2 - 100%), respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 100 and 100%, respectively. The mean duration of the examination was 12 min for CTA and 40 min for DSA (p < 0.05). Sixteen-slice CTA was highly cost effective (p < 0.05). Sixteen-slice CTA is a valuable non-invasive diagnostic modality for the assessment of aneurysm remnants and arterial patency in patients after aneurysm clipping. Its high sensitivity and low cost warrant its use for postoperative routine control examinations following clip placement on an aneurysm.     

16层螺旋CT三维重建技术在泌尿系病变诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨16层螺旋CT三维重建技术在泌尿系病变增强延时扫描时的应用价值.方法 28例泌尿系病变病例行16层螺旋CT平扫、双期增强扫描以及延时尿路造影扫描,利用后处理技术对延时扫描资料进行三维重建处理,可以得到包括肾盏、肾盂、输尿管及膀胱在内的完整尿路三维成像.结果 16层螺旋CT延时尿路造影清晰显示了泌尿系的解剖结构,以及病变和尿路之间的空间关系.28例患者中,诊断肾盂输尿管重复畸形5例,肾位置异常2例,巨输尿管2例,腔静脉后输尿管3例,泌尿系结石8例,肾输尿管肿瘤8例,肿瘤病例均经手术病理证实.CT诊断与临床诊断符合率100%.结论 16层螺旋CT增强延时尿路造影扫描,对显示泌尿系病变部位、病因和尿路梗阻的程度具有高速、后处理快捷、安全可靠的特点,可提供高分辨尿路图像,可作为诊断泌尿系疾病的一种新型无创伤影像学方法.     

Sixteen-row multislice computed tomography angiography in the diagnosis and characterization of intracranial aneurysms: comparison with conventional angiography and intraoperative findings

OBJECT: The goal of this study was to prospectively compare the effectiveness of 16-slice computed tomography (CT) angiography with that of conventional digital subtraction (DS) angiography and the surgical findings used to detect and characterize intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: Two hundred forty-four consecutive patients underwent both CT angiography and DS angiography no more than 3 days apart. Computed tomography angiography was performed with a 16-row multislice CT scanner in which a collimation of 0.75 mm was used. Two observers independently reviewed the CT images, and 1 of the 3 attending neuroradiologists reviewed the DS angiograms. They determined the presence, location, quantitation, and characterization of the intracranial aneurysms. Statistical results were calculated independently for the image interpretation performed by the 2 CT scan readers and the DS angiogram reader by using the combination of DS angiography or intraoperative findings or both as a reference standard. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-six patients harboring 153 intracranial aneurysms were included in this series. There was no statistically significant difference in sensitivity between 16-slice CT angiography and conventional DS angiography (p > 0.05). The sensitivities of 16-slice CT angiography for aneurysms < 5 mm, 5-10 mm, and > 10 mm were 94.8, 100, and 100%, respectively, on a per-aneurysm basis. The overall sensitivity and specificity of CT angiography for aneurysms were 98.0 and 99.1%, respectively. Sixteen-slice CT angiograms were clearer and more accurate in depicting the relationship of aneurysms to bone structures and adjacent branch vessels. CONCLUSIONS: Computed tomography angiography using a 16-slice scanner is an accurate tool for detecting and characterizing intracranial aneurysms, including small aneurysms. Noninvasive 16-slice CT angiography will become a viable replacement for conventional DS angiography in the diagnosis and characterization of aneurysms.     

Preoperative evaluation of living kidney donors using multirow detector computed tomography: comparison with digital subtraction angiography and intraoperative findings

To assess the accuracy of multirow detector computed tomography (MDCT) for the evaluation of renal anatomy for preoperative donor assessment in living related kidney transplantation. MDCT-scans (4- and 16-slice-CT) of 51 consecutive living kidney donors (age, 51.6 +/- 9.7 years; range, 28-68 years) were analysed by three blinded observers and compared with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and surgery. Contrast-enhanced MDCT was performed with 1 mm slice thickness reconstruction interval during arterial and venous phases. Supernumerary renal arteries, veins, early branching of vessels and abnormalities of the ureters were documented. The overall accuracy of computed tomography angiography (CTA) for detection and classification of surgically relevant arterial variants was 97% (99/102). The interpretation of 16-channel MDCT images was correct in all cases (accuracy, 100%), while the four-channel CTA had three incorrect results regarding the differentiation of early branching vessels from double renal arteries (accuracy, 93%). The overall accuracy of DSA was 91%. Renal vein abnormalities were correctly diagnosed with MDCT in 100% compared with 89% correct findings with DSA. There were three kidneys with incomplete ureter duplication, detected both with MDCT and DSA. MDCT demonstrated superior accuracy compared with non-selective DSA for the preoperative assessment of renal anatomy in living kidney donors; and for the distinction of supernumerary arteries versus early branching patterns, 16-channel CTA data were better than those of the four-channel system.     

Multidetector computed tomography findings of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia: a case report

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is a heart muscle disorder characterized pathologically by fatty or fibrofatty replacement and electrical instability of the right ventricular myocardium. This cardiac entity leads to sudden cardiac death, syncope, recurrent ventricular tachycardia, and in some cases, heart failure in a younger population. Contrast angiography, echocardiography, radionuclide angiography, ultrafast computed tomography (CT), and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging are techniques used to diagnose functional and morphologic characteristics of the disease. CT is sensitive in detecting intramyocardial fat because of its low attenuation. Recently the advances in multislice CT (MDCT) have improved temporal resolution, which has increased effectiveness in providing morphologic and functional information. We present a case with ARVD evaluated through 16-row MDCT. Fatty infiltration was clearly demonstrated by 16-slice CT; thus, multislice CT may have a significant role in the assessment and follow-up of patients with ARVD.     

Multidetector computed tomography findings of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia: a case report

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is a heart muscle disorder characterized pathologically by fatty or fibrofatty replacement and electrical instability of the right ventricular myocardium. This cardiac entity leads to sudden cardiac death, syncope, recurrent ventricular tachycardia, and in some cases, heart failure in a younger population. Contrast angiography, echocardiography, radionuclide angiography, ultrafast computed tomography (CT), and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging are techniques used to diagnose functional and morphologic characteristics of the disease. CT is sensitive in detecting intramyocardial fat because of its low attenuation. Recently the advances in multislice CT (MDCT) have improved temporal resolution, which has increased effectiveness in providing morphologic and functional information. We present a case with ARVD evaluated through 16-row MDCT. Fatty infiltration was clearly demonstrated by 16-slice CT; thus, multislice CT may have a significant role in the assessment and follow-up of patients with ARVD.     

Contrast enhanced spiral computerized tomography in live kidney donors: a single session for anatomical and functional assessment

PURPOSE: We evaluated contrast enhanced spiral computerized tomography (CT) as a single session for anatomical and functional assessment of potential live kidney donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 80 consecutive kidney donors. In addition to routine donor evaluation, radiological imaging of the kidneys was performed with spiral CT, which was also used for selective determination of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of each kidney. All donors underwent 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine renal scan as a gold standard for GFR determination. Anatomical results of spiral CT were compared to operative findings at donor nephrectomy. Moreover, the results of CT GFR were compared with those of standard 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine GFR. RESULTS: Spiral CT detected major renal abnormalities that might be potentially significant for safe renal donation in 4 of the 80 donors (5%). Spiral CT had 100% sensitivity, 85.7% specificity and 97.2% overall accuracy for detecting the number of renal arteries. To identify the number of renal veins spiral CT had 100% sensitivity, 92.3% specificity and 98.6% overall accuracy. A comparison between the isotope GFR of each kidney with the corresponding CT GFR showed a perfect correlation (r = 0.54, p <0.001). For the right and left kidneys mean isotope clearance was not significantly different from that of mean CT clearance. CONCLUSIONS: Multidetector row spiral CT with contrast medium can provide accurate information regarding the anatomy of the urinary tract and vasculature of the kidney. Moreover, it can detect renal and vascular abnormalities that might be potentially significant for safe renal donation. In addition, it can accurately demonstrate selective GFR of each kidney. Therefore, we recommend spiral CT with contrast material as a single radiological diagnostic modality for the assessment of potential live kidney donors.     

Utility of CT angiography for evaluation of living kidney donors

We reviewed our initial experience with helical computed tomography (CT) angiography in the evaluation of living kidney donors which, until now, has necessitated arteriography. Nineteen donors (12 women, 7 men) have had their renal anatomy evaluated solely by CT angiography preoperatively.All scans demonstrated normal collecting systems and single ureters. Five donors (26%) had supernumerary renal arteries. Fourteen donors had single, 4 donors had two, and 1 donor had three renal arteries. Helical CT demonstrated small polar vessels in several donors. Two donors (10%) had supernumerary renal veins. Accuracy of vascular anatomy defined on CT was 90% when confirmed at operation. Anatomically all CT findings were consistent with operative findings except in 1 donor who was found to have a 0.8 cm lesion near the renal hilum.At our institution, the total charges for selective renal arteriography are $3845 and for helical CT with three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction are $1546. The amount of contrast dye (approximately 100 mL) is equivalent. Patients uniformly reported that the CT scan was a convenient and painless procedure.The accuracy of helical CT angiography is equivalent to arteriography in assessing renal vascular anatomy (with the additional benefit of imaging venous and parenchymal anatomy). Charges for helical CT are 59% less. There is greater patient acceptance and potentially less morbidity associated with the non-invasive nature of helical CT. We believe that CT angiography is the radiologic procedure of choice for the assessment of renal anatomy in potential living kidney donors.     

Clinical application of 16-row multislice computed tomographic angiography in the preoperative and postoperative evaluation of intracranial aneurysms for surgical clipping

BACKGROUND: Sixteen-row multislice CTA has great potential for use in the studies of intracranial aneurysms. The aim of the study was to assess the clinical application of 16-row multislice CTA in the preoperative and postoperative evaluation of intracranial aneurysms for surgical clipping. METHODS: A total of 42 patients (45 aneurysms) underwent surgery using titanium clips. The CTA was performed with a 16-row multislice CT machine; detector slice, 0.75 mm; reconstruction interval, 0.40 mm; and timing determined by bolus trigger. The neuroradiologist independently evaluated the shape, size, and location of aneurysms; the relationship to other structures; and the presence of neck remnants and patency of the parent artery after clipping on MIP images, VR imaging, and thin-slab MIP and VR images. RESULTS: Sixteen-slice CTA clearly provided the shape and location of aneurysms, the size of the sac and the neck, and the relationship of aneurysms to bone structures and adjacent branch vessels; and this information would help the neurosurgeons find aneurysms and clip them successfully. Three clipped aneurysms with neck remnants were identified by the 16-slice CTA, and the parent artery could be reliably evaluated close to the clip. CONCLUSION: Sixteen-slice CTA is a useful reference for patients undergoing surgical clipping of aneurysms and can provide much effective information to clipped aneurysms.     

肾脏64层螺旋CT灌注成像对梗阻性肾积水患者患肾功能的评价

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT灌注成像检查对梗阻性肾积水患者患肾功能的评估价值.方法 梗阻性肾积水患者36例行64层螺旋CT灌注扫描和肾动态显像(SPECT)测定单侧GFR.其中有肾积水表现者48侧(积水组),28例健康志愿者作为正常对照1组,比较2组各灌注参数值.根据GFR结果将36例患者72侧肾脏分为正常对照2组、肾功能轻度受损组、重度受损组,比较3组肾皮质和髓质血流灌注参数的差异;将各灌注参数与单侧肾脏GFR行Pearson相关性分析. 结果 ①36例患者CT灌注成像表现为双侧时间密度曲线(TDC)不对称,积水组肾皮质、髓质TDC斜率与峰高降低.积水肾皮质血流量(BF)为(203.2±44.9)ml·100 ml~(-1)·min~(-1),血容量(BV)为(27.6±3.9)ml/100 ml,表面通透性(PS)为(30.7±6.5)ml·100 ml~1·min~(-1),Patlak血容量(PBV)为(46.5±10.9)ml/100ml;肾髓质分别为(99.9±24.1)ml·100 ml~(-1)·min~(-1)、(18.3±4.3)ml/100 ml、(51.8±12.1)ml·100 ml~(-1)·min~(-1)、(21.3±3.0)ml/100 ml.与对照1组肾皮质的(301.6±68.8)ml·100 ml~(-1)·min~(-1)、(38.9±5.8)ml/100 ml、(42.9±10.9)ml·100 ml~(-1)·min~(-1)、(67.5±10.3)ml/100 ml及肾髓质的(157.8±34.6)ml·100 ml~(-1)·min~(-1)、(28.5±3.9)ml/100 ml、(75.6±22.7)ml·100 ml~(-1)·min~(-1)、(28.2±0.9)ml/100 ml比较,灌注参数值均下降,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).②对照2组肾皮髓质BF、BV、PS、PBV分别为(31 4.2±28.7)ml·100 ml~(-1)·min~(-1)、(39.7±2.2)ml/100 ml、(45.2±3.4)ml·100 ml~(-1)·min~1、(68.6±4.3)ml/100 ml和(161.2±10.4)ml·100 ml~(-1)·min~(-1)、(28.7±1.8)ml/100 ml、(80.1±6.7)ml·100 ml~(-1)·min~(-1)、(27.9±6.9)ml/100 ml;肾功能轻度受损组分别为(245.8±16.8)ml·100 ml~(-1)·min~(-1)、(30.5±3.2)ml/100ml、(34.7±5.7)ml·100 ml~(-1)·min、(54.9±7.2)ml/100 ml和(120.7±1 9.6)ml·100 ml~1·min~(-1)、(22.0±2.7)ml/100 ml、(61.9±10.5)ml·100 ml~(-1)·min~(-1)、(23.0±2.2)ml/100 ml;肾功能重度受损组分别为(170.1±29.0)ml·100 ml~(-1)·min~(-1)、(25.4±2.8)ml/100 ml、(27.5±5.2)ml·100 ml~(-1)·min~(-1)、(40.0±8.4)ml/100 m1和(83.7±11.5)ml·100 ml~(-1)·min~(-1)、(15.5±2.9)ml/100 ml、(44.0±5.8)ml·100 ml~(-1)·min~(-1)、(20.0±2.8)ml/100 ml.3组间肾皮髓质血流灌注参数比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).③肾皮髓质各灌注参数与GFR有良好的相关性.其中肾皮质BF相关性最好,r=0.852. 结论 64层螺旋CT肾脏灌注成像可对积水肾肾皮髓质血流灌注状态与肾功能损害进行定量评估,对受损肾功能可进行分级诊断,测定的肾皮髓质各灌注参数值与GFR有良好的相关性.