腹腔动脉与肠系膜上动脉侧支增粗显影1例

患者女性,37岁,CT发现肝血管瘤行肝动脉灌注栓塞术,术中造影显示：肝左动脉起自肝总动脉,胃十二指肠动脉起自肝右动脉,肝右动脉通过胃十二指肠动脉之侧支支与肠系膜上动脉连接。肝总动脉略细,管壁光滑。吻合支较粗大,管壁光滑。腹腔动脉或肠系膜上动脉造影时对方动脉显影清晰。     

肠系膜侧支循环在外科中的应用

在肠的手术中，为确保肠的血供，应注意到肠系膜血管的侧支循环。充分的肠系膜循环依靠三条主要动脉参与：腹腔干、肠系膜上动脉和肠系膜下动脉。保护肠系膜的这些重要侧支循环，可以避免结扎后可能发生的缺血并发症。     

选择性腹腔动脉,肠系膜上动脉,肾动脉及肠系膜下动脉造影的局部…

本文利用７０具成人尸体（男性４０具，女性３０具）进行了经股动脉插管至腹腔动脉，肠系膜上动脉，肾动脉及肠系膜下动脉之间的距离，各动脉的直径，以及用圆形分布理论统计分析各动脉干与主动脉腹部间的平均夹角，并对动脉干纵轴的方向，动脉起始部与脊柱的对应关系，动脉干的类型做了解剖学观察，并讨论了相应的临床意义。     

选择性腹腔动脉、肠系膜上动脉、肾动脉及肠系膜下动脉造影的局部解剖学研究

本文利用70具成人尸体(男性40具,女性30具)进行了经股动脉插管至腹腔动脉、肠系膜上动脉、肾动脉及肠系膜下动脉之间的距离,各动脉的直径,以及用圆形分布理论统计分析各动脉干与主动脉腹部间的平均夹角,并对动脉干纵轴的方向,动脉起始部与脊柱的对应关系,动脉干的类型做了解剖学观察,并讨论了相应的临床意义。     

肝动脉闭塞后侧支循环DSA表现

目的探讨肝动脉闭塞后侧支循环数字化减影血管造影(DSA)表现。方法收集肝动脉闭塞7例患者,其中男性6例,女性1例;年龄36～60岁,平均年龄49.6岁(标准差11.0岁)。肝动脉闭塞原因:肝动脉插管所致6例,外科手术1例。对患者均进行腹腔动脉和肠系膜上动脉造影以显示肝动脉侧支循环。结果肝总动脉近端完全闭塞7例,均可见侧支循环形成,肝脏侧支循环动脉起源于肠系膜上动脉6例,起源于胃左动脉1例。结论肝动脉闭塞后侧支循环形成并供应肝脏;DSA能清晰显示肝动脉闭塞后侧支循环并为介入治疗提供途径。     

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症腓肠动脉的病理变化与侧支流出道构建

目的为下肢动脉粥样硬化闭塞症(arterial sclerosis obstruction,ASO)末期利用腓肠动脉构建流出道提供病理学及解剖学基础。方法在11例膝上截肢的新鲜离体标本上向动脉内灌注红色乳胶,解剖观察腘动脉及腓肠动脉的病理改变,提出构建腓肠动脉流出道的设想,并对收治的9例末期ASO患者进行下肢动脉造影,示股动脉、腘动脉及分支均不显影;B超示腘动脉基本闭塞。行腘动脉探查术,完成腓肠动脉成形及股腘动脉旁路转流术。结果解剖观察结果:①腘(胫)动脉管壁僵硬,动脉粥样斑块填满管腔。②腓肠动脉开口处分3种病变形态:开放型、膜式狭窄闭塞型及柱状闭塞型。③临床上对腓肠动脉开口处成形,建立腓肠动脉流出道,再行股腘动脉旁路转流术。结果显示术后临床症状消失,皮温逐渐回升,下肢溃疡两月内逐渐愈合。B超显示腓肠动脉代偿性扩张。结论通过解剖及临床研究结果显示,腓肠动脉流出道的构建是解决末期ASO患者的有效途径之一。     

肠系膜上动脉栓塞误诊1例报告

急性肠系膜动脉栓塞是一种少见外科急腹症,起病急骤、发展迅速、病情凶险,死亡率高达90％,早期诊断困难,易误诊。本文报告1例肠系膜上动脉栓塞误诊病例,以供临床参考。     

血管内皮生长因子与冠状动脉侧支循环

1 98 9年首先从牛垂体滤泡星状细胞培养液中分离纯化出血管内皮生长因子 (vascularendothelialgrowthfactor ,VEGF) ,现已明了 ,VEGF主要由内皮细胞、单核巨噬细胞、成纤维细胞产生 ,另外平滑肌细胞、骨骼肌细胞也可产生。大量的研究表明 ,VEGF及其家族成员能特异地促进血管内皮细胞的分裂、增殖及迁移 ,是心肌在生理和病理状态下新生血管形成的重要调节者 ,它能迅速而有效地促进心肌缺血区侧支循环的建立 ,在缺血性心脏病的治疗中具有较好的应用价值[1～ 4] 。本文就VEGF的结构、受体、促血管新生作用及在改善心肌缺血中的应用研究…     

急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞的临床诊疗体会

目的探讨急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞的诊断和治疗。方法对收治的急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞11例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果11例中8例术前分别经CTA三维重建或肠系膜上动脉造影确诊,3例经剖腹探查确诊。6例行坏死肠段切除吻合术,3例死亡。5例行肠系膜上动脉切开取栓加坏死肠段切除吻合术,死亡2例。总死亡率45.5%。死亡原因主要为感染性休克和多脏器功能衰竭。结论对于急腹症患者,临床不能明确诊断时,应警惕肠系膜上动脉栓塞的可能。 CTA和肠系膜上动脉造影是诊断急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞的有效手段,早期明确诊断手术是提高治愈率的关键。     

单侧颈内动脉闭塞后侧支循环开放及其临床表现

目的：探讨在清醒状态下颅内动脉狭窄支架置入术的可行性及临床意义.方法：2007年2月到2008年1月,在局麻下应用血管内支架置入术治疗颅内动脉狭窄患者12例,其中颈内动脉系狭窄7例,椎-基底动脉系狭窄5例.结果：本组12例均成功接受了血管内支架置入,术中患者清醒,配合良好,无不良反应.术后6个月复查DSA提示,颅内动脉狭窄程度由原来的67.5%±9.5%下降至9.5%±2.8%（P＜0.01）.随访12～23个月,12例患者症状均改善,无卒中发生.结论：局麻下行血管内支架置入术治疗颅内动脉狭窄,可将重要并发症的危险性降到最低;颅内动脉痛觉神经并不敏感,完全可以承受介入支架置入操作.     

Anatomical basis for celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery entrapment

Forty-six cadaveric specimens were dissected in order to study the anatomical relations between the median arcuate ligament (MAL), the celiac ganglion, and the origin of both the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries. We found that in 40 cases (87.5%) both vessels were held together by the ganglionic mass, and in 90.6%, the celiac trunk was covered, either partially or completely, by the MAL. These data indicated that this is a normal occurrence. In 10% of the cases both vessels were covered by the MAL. These anatomical findings may possibly contribute to the understanding of the socalled “median arcuate ligament syndrome.”     

A cadaveric study of the anatomical variation of the origins of the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery

Gray's Anatomy states, “the celiac trunk is the first anterior branch of the abdominal aorta and arises just below the aortic hiatus. The superior mesenteric artery originates from the aorta c1.0 cm below the celiac trunk.” (Standring, 2008a, Gray's Anatomy. 40th Ed. London: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, p. 1073–1074). During dissection classes with medical students we found this not to be the case. We have re‐evaluated the anatomy of the origins of the celiac trunk (CT) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the relationship of the CT to the median arcuate ligament (MAL) in 99 cadavers. We have found the external distance between the CT and SMA to range from 0 to 20 mm (mean 3.4 mm, SD 5.17 mm), with the two in direct apposition in 57.6% (n = 99) of cases: a higher figure than previously documented. However, the internal distance between the CT and SMA ranged from 10 to 30 mm (mean 18.9 mm, SD 4.09 mm). There was no distance measurable between the MAL and the CT in 88 cadavers (92.6%, n = 95) and, of these, 32 (33.7%) showed evidence of compression or kinking of the CT. We suspect that the MAL is responsible for the approximation of the CT to the SMA in these cadavers, and that the high incidence of kinking of the CT (33.7% of cases) may have implications with regard to its role in MAL syndrome. Clin. Anat. 26:971–974, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

An unusual origin of the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery in the thorax

The authors report a case of a 44‐year‐old male found to have unusual origins of the celiac trunk (CT) and superior mesernteric artrery (SMA) as revealed by routine multidetector computed tomograph (MDCT) angiography. The CT and SMA originate from the thoracic aorta (TA) 21 mm and 9 mm above the aortic hiatus, respectively. The median arcuate ligament (MAL) is located at the level of the L1–L2 intervertebral disc. The course of the CT descends in the thoracic cavity making a 14° acute downward angle in front of the TA; below the level of the MAL, the CT descends, making an angle of 47°. The course of the SMA descends at both the thoracic and abdominal level making an angle of 17°, and having an aortomesenteric distance of 9 mm at the level of the third part of the duodenum. In the present case, the supradiaphragmatic origin of the CT and the SMA was determined by their incomplete caudal descent, associated with a pronounced apparent descent of the diaphragm. A thoracic origin of the CT and SMA and the acute downward aortomesenteric angle (17°) associated with a reduced aortomesenteric distance at the level of the third part of the duodenum (9 mm), although no clinical signs are present, may predispose the patient to develop simultaneously a triple syndrome: the compression of CT by MAL (celiac axis compression syndrome), the compression of SMA by MAL (superior mesenteric artery compression syndrome), and the compression of the duodenum by the SMA (superior mesenteric artery syndrome). Clin. Anat. 26:975–979, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The third time is the charm--anastomosis between the celiac trunk and the left colic artery

An atypical case of abdominal vasculature, found in a 58-year-old woman is presented. The multidetector computed tomography angiogram revealed a large tortuous anastomotic vessel between the stem of the celiac trunk and the left colic artery, supplying branches for the left colon and pancreatic body and tail. We propose a simple embryological explanation for the development of this aberrant artery--the longitudinal ventral anastomosis, which connects the precursors of principal visceral arteries in a loop-like manner, loses its direct communication with the superior mesenteric artery but maintains its continuity above and below this level. This variation could pose a problem for radiological interpretation and affect surgical approaches to the aorta, left colon, and the pancreas.     

Digital subtraction angiography of the superior mesenteric artery: Identifying arterial branches

This “problem in diagnostic imaging” provides an overview of the technique of digital subtraction angiography. The possibility of artefacts arising from movement subsequent to the taking of the masking image is discussed. It is also important that contrast medium is allowed to backflow into the parent vessel (in this case the aorta) to ensure that there has been filling of the proximal branches of the vessel of interest (in this case the superior mesenteric artery). An accessory middle colic artery is demonstrated. Detection of such variant vessels is important not only to surgeons but also to specialist radiologists carrying out therapeutic embolization. Clin. Anat. 22:777–779, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

腹腔镜下肠系膜上动脉优先入路和上静脉入路在右半结肠癌治疗中的对比性研究

目的探讨对比肠系膜上动脉优先入路法和上静脉入路的腹腔镜手术治疗右半结肠癌的安全性及可行性。方法选择2015年1月至2018年12月于肇庆市第一人民医院手术治疗的右半结肠癌的患者76例,其中男性40例,女性36例;年龄49~66岁,平均年龄50.89岁;体质量指数(BMI)21.78~27.45 kg/m^2,平均BMI 24.79 kg/m^2;病程7~20个月,平均病程10.97个月;病灶位于结肠肝曲23例,升结肠23例,盲肠30例。依据肠系膜上动脉优先入路法及肠系膜上静脉优先入路法行腹腔镜手术根治,将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组38例。记录并分析两组患者所用手术时间、术中出血量、清扫淋巴结数量、阳性淋巴结个数及中转开腹例数;记录并分析两组患者接受手术后恢复排气排便时间、引流时间、引流量、镇痛时间、进食时间及住院时间情况;记录并分析两组患者术后早期肠梗阻、吻合口出血、吻合口瘘等短期并发症。结果两组患者的一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与静脉优先入路方式相比,动脉优先入路方式清扫淋巴结总数和阳性淋巴结个数均显著增多,出血量显著减少(P<0.05);观察组引流时间长,引流量大,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组所用手术时间、中转开腹率、术后恢复排气和排便时间、镇痛时间、进食时间、住院时间和术后短期并发症总发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采用肠系膜上动脉优先入路的腹腔镜手术治疗右半结肠癌,能更彻底地清扫淋巴结从而彻底清除癌症病灶,保证肿瘤的根治程度,减少术后复发率,显著改善患者预后,同时未增加更多的手术风险,安全有效,可行性高。     

Clinical anatomy of celiac artery compression syndrome: a review

Anatomic variations are often responsible for a variety of clinical conditions. In this review we investigate compression of the celiac artery and the superior mesenteric artery by the median arcuate ligament (MAL), diaphragmatic crura, or the celiac nerve plexus. This clinical condition known as celiac artery compression syndrome (CACS) has proven controversial in definition and relevance. This condition was first described as chronic abdominal pain because of the mesenteric ischemia caused by extrinsic compression of the celiac artery. Dunbar and others presented surgical approaches to decompress the celiac artery by releasing the MAL. Definitive answers have been sought to classify and relieve the clinical symptoms patients experience postprandially. Persistent symptoms following surgical treatment for CACS have led investigators to question the existence of this disease. Advances in technology such as angiographic MRI and color duplex ultrasonography have refreshed the importance of considering compression of the celiac artery during differential diagnoses. Because of the varying anatomic etiologies of disease, it is not possible to pinpoint a single cause for CACS. Potential etiologies for compression of the celiac artery include a "high take off" origin of the celiac artery compressed by normal diaphragmatic crura and MAL, a normal origin of the celiac artery with long diaphragmatic crura and MAL, large bilaterally fused celiac ganglia (with or without the involvement of the superior mesenteric ganglia) compressing the celiac trunk, celiacomesenteric trunk compression by diaphragmatic crura and MAL, or combinations of the above mentioned entities. In this review we describe potential sources of compression of the celiac artery by regional structures and treatments of CACS in an effort to justify the relevance of CACS in modern medicine.     

Median arcuate ligament syndrome: Predictor of ischemic complications?

Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is a pathologic entity that can affect the celiac axis. Due to the extensive collateral network of mesenteric circulation, stenosis of one mesenteric artery does not lead to significant symptoms. The purpose of this study was to describe multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography findings of celiac artery entrapment by the median arcuate ligament and determine those patients with high risks of ischemic complications. From January 2012 to March 2016, 103 patients with celiac artery (CA) compression by median arcuate ligament were detected. In 23 patients collateral circulation was developed. In order to investigate the problem, we managed to estimate the correlation between range of stenosis of CA and presence of collateral circulation between the celiac artery (CA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA). A statistically significant correlation was found between range of CA stenosis and collateral circulation presence (Spearman's correlation coefficient 0.339, P < 0.0001). In conclusions, based on our observations, we hypothesize that ischemia as a result of mesenteric vessel narrowing by the median arcuate ligament may occur more often than indicated by clinical symptoms and described in literature. Clin. Anat. 29:1025–1030, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Absence of the celiac trunk: case report and review of the literature

The authors report a rare variation of the absence of the celiac trunk in a Japanese cadaver, with the left gastric, splenic, common hepatic, and superior mesenteric arteries arising independently from the abdominal aorta in the routine dissection of a 95-year-old Japanese male cadaver. The incidence and developmental and clinical significance of this variation is discussed with a detailed review of the literature. Knowledge of such case has important clinical significance in an abdominal operation or invasive arterial procedure, that is, Appleby procedure and liver transplantation, laparoscopic surgery, and radiological procedures in the upper abdomen.     

An anomalous right gastroepiploic artery arising from the superior mesenteric artery

During a routine dissection, the right gastroepiploic artery was found to arise from the superior mesenteric artery. The gastroduodenal artery ran in front of the common bile duct and descended along the posterior surface of the head of the pancreas (posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery). The enlarged pancreatic branch arising from the superior mesenteric artery mainly supplied the anterior surface of the head of the pancreas and then continued to become the right gastroepiploic artery. This route seemed to be formed due to the lack of a connection between the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery and the common trunk of the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal and right gastroepiploic arteries.