胡芦巴总皂苷对血脂紊乱模型大鼠生化指标的影响

目的:探讨胡芦巴总皂苷(TFGs)对血脂紊乱大鼠血脂、肝脏功能、肾脏功能的影响。方法:采用高糖高脂饲料喂养Wistar大鼠2个月后,诱导出大鼠血脂紊乱模型。大鼠按体重随机分为6组,分别为正常对照组、模型组、阳性对照组(脂必妥50 mg/kg)及80、120、160 mg/kg TFGs 3个剂量组,观察TFGs对血脂紊乱大鼠血清甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、丙氨酸氨基转氨酶(ACT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转氨酶(TST)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(SG)的影响。结果:与模型组比较,阳性对照组、TFGs 3 个剂量组TG、TC、LDL明显降低(P<0.05~0.01),HDL明显升高(P<0.01),160 mg/kg TFGs组ALT、AST明显降低(P<0.05)。结论: 高糖高脂饮食制备的Wistar 大鼠血脂紊乱模型是研究血脂紊乱及其并发症的理想动物模型;TFGs可改善血脂紊乱。     

克糖特对糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响

目的:研究克糖特(Ktt)对糖尿病模型小鼠血糖的影响,并初步探讨其降低小鼠血糖的作用机制.方法:建立肾上腺素致高血糖小鼠模型和链脲霉素(STZ)致糖尿病小鼠模型,并将小鼠随机分成5 组(n=lO),分别用格列本脲(50 mg/kg)、克糖特高、中、低剂量和生理盐水(0.1 mL/10 g体重)灌胃15 d.15 d后测定正常小鼠、肾上腺素致高血糖小鼠模型的血糖水平,并在相应时间采血测定STZ致糖尿病小鼠模型空腹血糖(FBG)、药后2 h血糖(2 hBG)、胰岛素水平,同时对STZ所致糖尿病小鼠进行胰腺病理组织学检查.结果:克糖特对正常小鼠血糖水平无影响,能够拮抗肾上腺素诱导的小鼠高血糖,显著降低STZ模型小鼠空腹血糖(P<0.05～0.01,与模型组比较降糖率可达24.39%)及2 hBG(P<0.05),明显提高胰岛素水平(P<0.05～0.01),保护胰岛β细胞.结论:克糖特对STZ引起的高血糖有较强的降糖作用.其作用机制可能与改善受损的胰岛细胞功能、促进胰岛素分泌有关.     

2型糖尿病大鼠模型制备实验研究

目的 探究建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型的主要影响因素,为制备2型糖尿病大鼠动物模型提供方法 参考.方法根据不同的高糖高脂饲料(HDF)配方、喂养周期及STZ注射剂量(35 mg/kg和40 mg/kg),将90只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组)及8个模型组(A-H组),每组各10只.STZ注射5 d后检测各组大鼠空腹血糖(FBG),首次空腹血糖测定后各组大鼠眼眶采血测定血清中总三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及空腹血清胰岛素(FINS)水平.第8周处死大鼠取肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、胰腺,称质量并计算脏器系数.结果 与正常对照组比较,各模型组的血糖值显著升高(P<0.01),TG、TC及LDL-C水平和肝、肾、胰腺等脏器系数都有不同程度升高且胰岛素敏感指数显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),成功建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型;大鼠注射STZ 35 mg/kg较40 mg/kg存活率大、存活时间长,血糖值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);喂养周期为8周后注射STZ的大鼠较4周大鼠死亡率高.结论 HDF喂养4周后注射35 mg/kg STZ是建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型的较合适方法.     

高糖高脂饮食诱导的2型糖尿病模型大鼠血脂的特点

目的:建立发病过程类似人类2型糖尿病(T2DM)的动物模型。方法: 制备T2DM动物模型,模型1:高糖高脂饲料喂养Wistar雄性大鼠诱发胰岛素抵抗(IR), 然后用亚致病剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)静脉注射,诱发高血糖症;模型2:STZ静脉注射,空腹血糖(FBG)≥10 mmol/L大鼠喂以高糖高脂饲料1 个月;测定T2DM大鼠FBG、血清胰岛素(FINS)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)、胰岛素分泌指数(IS)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平。结果:与模型2 比较, 模型1 大鼠FINS升高明显(P<0.05),且模型1的造模过程更类似人类T2DM的发病过程,故确定模型1为本实验动物模型。与正常对照组比较,模型1大鼠除第3周外,1~9周FBG均明显低于正常对照组(P<0.05~0.01),FINS、TG、TC、LDL明显升高(P<0.05),ISI、IS、HDL明显降低(P<0.05)。结论: 用高糖高脂饮食喂饲结合小剂量STZ注射可成功制备T2DM大鼠模型,并可作为研究T2DM及其慢性血管并发症的理想动物模型。     

枸杞多糖对链脲佐菌素联合高糖高脂饲养致2型糖尿病大鼠的影响

目的研究枸杞多糖对链脲佐菌素(STZ)联合高糖高脂饲养导致2型糖尿病大鼠的影响。方法雄性SD大鼠腹腔注射STZ 40mg/kg联合高糖高脂饮食复制2型糖尿病模型。经血糖检测成模后,随机分成5组:模型组,二甲双胍阳性组及枸杞多糖低、中、高剂量组,每组10只。枸杞多糖组分别灌胃给予枸杞多糖每天100、200、400mg/kg,阳性组给予二甲双胍每天20mg/kg,并设立正常组,连续灌胃30天。末次给药后,检测空腹血糖(FBG)指数,比色法检测血清中游离脂肪酸(NEFA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。ELISA法检测肝脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果与模型组比较,枸杞多糖明显降低2型糖尿病大鼠的血糖水平(P<0.01),提高血清中GSH活性,降低NEFA含量(P<0.01),并提高肝脏组织中SOD活性,减少MDA水平(P<0.01)。结论枸杞多糖具有明显降血糖作用,可能机制为其改善2型糖尿病大鼠肝脏组织脂质过氧化损伤有关。     

高脂喂养联合链脲佐菌素诱导大鼠2型糖尿病模型研究

目的:进行高脂喂养联合链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导大鼠2型糖尿病模型的研究。方法:5~6周SD大鼠21只分普通与高脂饲料喂养4周后按体重腹腔注射(ip)柠檬酸钠缓冲液或STZ溶液;测定注射STZ 1周后的空腹血糖(FBG)、血脂(三酰甘油TG、总胆固醇T-CHO)、血清胰岛素(INS);将FBG≥7.0 mmol/L的大鼠定为糖尿病大鼠。成模后均连续观察4周,观察内容包括:体重、水量、尿量、糖耐量(OGTT)测试、TG、T-CHO、INS。5~6周SD大鼠58只运用高脂喂养联合STZ(45 mg/kg)诱导大鼠2型糖尿病方法制备模型,连续给予糖尿病大鼠治疗2型糖尿病药物盐酸二甲双胍(200 mg/kg)[1]、马来酸罗格列酮(3、6、12 mg/kg[2])、格列美脲(2[3]、4、8 mg/kg)5 d,研究该模型的有效性。结果:注射STZ 1周后B组(高脂喂养+30 mg/kg STZ)没出现糖尿病"三多一少"典型症状,FBG值未达成模标准;C组(高脂喂养+45 mg/kg STZ)出现糖尿病典型症状、FBG值显著升高且达成模标准;盐酸二甲双胍(200 mg/kg)、格列美脲(2 mg/kg)对此方法诱导出来的糖尿病大鼠有显著的降糖作用。结论:高脂喂养联合STZ(45 mg/kg)诱导大鼠2型糖尿病的方法有效且模型长期稳定。     

莲子心及Nef对实验性糖尿病及肥胖大鼠模型的影响

目的观察莲子心及甲基莲心碱(neferine,Nef)对链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)和高糖高脂制作的大鼠糖尿病及肥胖模型的影响,并与二甲双胍(metformin,Met)作对照.方法 STZ(30 mg/kg)一次性ip后给予高糖高脂饮食8周造模,莲子心乙醇提取物500 mg(生药)/kg、Nef 10 mg/kg灌胃给药1个月.结果 Nef用药后空腹血糖(FBG)显著低于给药前及模型组(P<0.01),与Met组相当,莲子心空腹血糖(FBG)低于模型组(P<0.05);莲子心的总胆固醇(TCHO)、甘油三脂(TG)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)显著低于模型组(P<0.05,P<0.01),而Nef的TCHO、TG显著低于模型组(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论提示莲子心及Nef对实验性糖尿病及肥胖大鼠有一定的降低血糖及调节血脂作用.     

糖尿病大鼠模型的建立及评价

目的：探讨链脲佐菌素（STZ）制备可靠稳定糖尿病大鼠模型的理想剂量及模型评价。方法采取一次性腹腔注射不同剂量 STZ 45 mg/kg 的方法制备糖尿病大鼠模型,于给药后5 d、15 d 检测大鼠空腹血糖值（FBG）及观察一般生理情况。结果试验组造模后第5天、15天空腹血糖值为（16.82±1.44）mmol/L、（24.70±2.36）mmol/L;试验组大鼠血糖值随时间推移逐渐升高,试验组的 FBG 与对照组比较差异显著（P<0.01）,成模率高,糖尿病模型大鼠血糖稳定。结论腹腔一次性注射 STZ 45 mg/kg 剂量是制备糖尿病大鼠模型的理想剂量。     

高脂饮食合并不同剂量STZ建立小鼠2型糖尿病模型

目的:探讨不同剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)联合高脂、高糖饮食建立小鼠2型糖尿病模型的效果。方法:昆明小鼠40只随机分为正常对照组,模型A、B、C组,每组10只小鼠。正常对照组小鼠饲喂基础饲料;模型组小鼠饲喂高脂、高糖饮食4w,注射不同剂量的STZ(60、80、100mg/kg)后继续饲喂高脂、高糖饲料3w。分别于造模前和造模后检测各组小鼠空腹血糖和胰岛素水平。结果:3组模型小鼠造模后的血糖明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05);模型C组小鼠造模后的血糖明显高于模型A组和B组(P<0.01)。各组小鼠血清胰岛素水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:高脂、高糖饮食合并STZ可建立小鼠2型糖尿病模型,该模型与人2型糖尿病有相似的表型特征和发病过程。     

川芎嗪对STZ诱导2型糖尿病大鼠肾病TLR4表达的影响

目的 探讨川芎嗪对链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导2型糖尿病大鼠肾病的治疗作用及机制.方法 SD大鼠50只,随机分为正常组和模型组.除正常组外,其余大鼠均给予高脂-高糖饲料喂养4周,再给予链脲佐菌素(40 mg/kg,ip),72 h后测定空腹血糖,将血糖值高于16.67 mmol/L的大鼠随机分成4个组即模型组,二甲双胍阳性组(250 mg/kg),川芎嗪低、高剂量组(80、160 mg/kg),连续给予相应试药8周.其中正常组和模型组的大鼠均给予同等量蒸馏水灌胃.实验结束时,测定大鼠血糖、尿蛋白、血尿素氮和血肌酐含量;免疫组化法测定大鼠肾组织TLR4和caspase3蛋白表达.光镜下观察肾脏病理学变化.结果 与模型组比较,二甲双胍组和川芎嗪高剂量组给药8周后,大鼠动态空腹血糖均能明显降低(P<0.05),大鼠动态尿蛋白显著性降低(P<0.01,P<0.05);二甲双胍和高剂量组TLR4和caspase3蛋白表达明显低于模型组(P<0.05);肾脏组织病理性损伤明显减轻.结论 川芎嗪对STZ诱导2型糖尿病大鼠肾病具有保护作用,其机制可能与下调TLR4表达作用有关.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.