运动训练对慢性阻塞性肺疾病缓解期患者的影响

目的分析运动训练对缓解期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者运动耐力、呼吸功能和生活质量的影响。方法对45例临床缓解期的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者进行系统的步行训练和呼吸体操训练治疗,并在训练前、后分别测量6分钟步行距离、Borg呼吸困难评分及圣·乔治医院呼吸问题调查问卷评分等指标。结果经过系统运动训练的缓解期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者,运动耐力和生活质量好于未经过系统呼吸训练的COPD患者。结论系统的运动训练能够提高缓解期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者运动耐力和健康相关生活质量。     

运动训练联合营养支持对慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并营养不良干预效果评价

目的评价运动训练联合营养支持干预慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并营养不良患者的效果。方法对228例COPD患者进行调查,对其中合并营养不良的COPD患者80例进行观察治疗。按就诊时间随机排列表法分为2组:对照组(n=40)给予常规治疗,包括药物治疗、雾化、氧疗或机械通气等。治疗组(n=40)进行为期6月的综合治疗,包括常规治疗联合运动训练和营养支持。观察2组治疗前后第1秒呼气容积(FEV1)与FEV1占用力肺活量的百分比(FEV1%)、6min步行距离(6MWD)、幸福满意度等指标的变化。结果入组时2组患者间的年龄、性别、肺功能指标、6MWD和幸福满意度评分等比较,均无统计学差异(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组FEV1%和6MWD较治疗前有显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);对照组与治疗前相比,各指标差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组6MWD较治疗前增加了68m,较对照组治疗后增加了41m,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组患者幸福满意度评分要优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论运动训练联合营养支持综合治疗可以改善COPD合并营养不良患者FEV1%及运动耐力,提高患者幸福满意度。     

呼吸训练联合地面行走训练对老年稳定期COPD患者的影响

目的研究呼吸训练联合地面行走训练对老年稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的干预效果。方法随机选取150例COPD患者,分为对照组、呼吸训练组及联合组各50例。28 w后,检测肺功能用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼吸容积(FEV1)、FEV1/FVC;6 min步行距离(6MWD)耐力测定;并采用COPD评估测试(CAT)及改良英国医学研究委员会呼吸困难量表评价分析。结果联合组FEV1/FVC、6MWD、CAT评分、mMRC评分均明显优于对照组(P<0.05),FVC、FEV1优于对照组更加明显(P<0.01)。结论呼吸训练联合地面行走训练对稳定期COPD患者具有显著改善效果。     

综合肺康复护理对稳定期COPD患者运动耐力及生活质量的影响

目的 探讨综合肺康复护理对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者运动耐力及生活质量的影响。方法 纳入2019年9月至2020年12月我院老年科收治的84例稳定期COPD患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,各42例。对照组接受常规护理,观察组在此基础上实施综合肺康复护理。比较两组患者干预前后6分钟步行试验(6MWT)距离、Borg呼吸困难评分及慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试(CAT)评分的变化情况。结果 观察组患者干预后6MWT距离高于对照组,观察组患者干预后Borg呼吸困难评分、CAT评分低于对照组,数据间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 综合肺康复护理干预能够有效提升稳定期COPD患者的运动耐力,改善生活质量。     

黛力新对慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者伴焦虑抑郁的疗效

目的观察黛力新治疗COPD稳定期伴焦虑抑郁症状患者的疗效。方法对37例COPD稳定期并焦虑和/或抑郁自评量表评分超过40的患者随机分成黛力新组（19例）和对照组（18例）。治疗前、治疗4周后分别进行呼吸困难分级评分、肺功能第一秒用力呼气量（FEV1）、6分钟运动量（6MWD）和焦虑抑郁症状评分测定。结果黛力新组与治疗前比较SAS和SDS评分明显降低（P〈0.05）,与对照组比较,治疗后组间差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;COPD各项指标中,除FEV1改善不明显外（P〉0.05）,呼吸困难分级评分、6MWD均有明显改善（P〈0.05）。结论黛力新能改善COPD稳定期患者的焦虑抑郁症状,可提高患者的临床疗效和生活质量。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病呼吸训练新方法的临床应用研究

目的 观察针对COPD呼气流速受限的呼吸训练新方法的有效性,期望为COPD患者呼吸训练提供新的更为有效的方法.方法 选取2015年1月至2015年12月我院就诊的40例重度与极重度COPD稳定期患者作为研究对象,随机分成A组和B组,各20例,B组给予基础性药物治疗,A组在B组的基础上给予呼吸训练新方法,比较2组治疗前后的6分钟步行距离(6MWD)、功能性呼吸困难评分(MRC)、最大呼气压力(MEP)、最大吸气压力(MIP)及肺通气功能,同步由患者完成圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)评分.结果 A组治疗后的MRC、SGRQ评分显著低于治疗前,6MWD、MEP、MIP及深吸气量(IC)显著高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),肺功能其他指标包括FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC、MVV较训练前无显著性变化(P值均＞0.05).B组6MWD、MRC、SGRQ评分、MEP、MIP及肺通气功能各项指标较8周前无显著变化(P＞0.05).结论 针对COPD呼气流速受限的呼吸训练能明显改善重度至极重度COPD患者的呼吸困难,提高日常生活活动能力和生存质量,增加运动耐力和呼吸肌功能,是一种简单易行的适合于重度至极重度COPD患者的呼吸训练锻炼方法.     

呼吸功能训练对稳定期COPD患者肺功能的影响

目的探讨呼吸功能训练对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者肺功能的影响及对生活质量的改善效果。方法将36例稳定期COPD患者随机分为2组,实验组在常规治疗同时进行呼吸功能训练（共6周）。观察训练前后肺功能相关指标变化,同时进行呼吸困难（MRC）评分和日常生活活动能力（ADL）评分。结果实验组肺功能及生活质量各指标明显好于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论呼吸功能训练能改善稳定期COPD患者的肺功能,提高患者的生活质量。     

肺康复运动治疗对老年COPD稳定期患者肺功能、生活质量及运动耐力的影响

目的 探讨肺康复运动治疗对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期患者肺功能、生活质量及运动耐力的影响。方法 选择老年COPD稳定期患者94例,依据随机表法分为观察组与对照组各47例。对照组采用常规有氧运动,观察组在对照组基础上结合肺康复运动治疗。两组干预时间3个月。比较两组干预前与干预3个月肺功能[用力肺活量(FVC)、每分钟最大通气量(MV)、1 s用力呼气容积(FEV1)/FVC]、BODE指数(B:体重指数、O:气道阻塞程度、D:呼吸困难分级、E:运动耐量)、运动耐力[6 min步行距离(6MWD)]、血气分析[氧分压(PaO₂)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO₂)]和生活质量[COPD临床问卷(CCQ)评分]变化。结果 两组干预3个月FVC、MVV和FEV1/FVC显著高于干预前(P<0.05);且观察组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组干预3个月BODE指数显著低于干预前(P<0.05);且观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组干预3个月6MWD显著高于干预前(P<0.05);且观察组显著高于对照组(P&...     

BiPAP无创通气对中重度COPD稳定期患者运动耐力及肺功能的影响

目的探讨双水平气道正压(Bi-level airway pressure ventilation,BiPAP)无创通气对中重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)稳定期患者运动耐力及肺功能的影响。方法选择符合标准的患者86例随机分为治疗组和对照组各43例,治疗组给予BiPAP通气,对照组给予鼻导管吸氧,测定治疗前后2组患者运动耐力及肺功能改变并比较。结果 2组治疗前运动耐力及肺功能指标均无显著性差异(P均>0.05),对照组鼻导管吸氧后与治疗前指标无显著性差异(P均>0.05),治疗组在BiPAP通气后相比治疗前各指标均有显著性改善(P均<0.05)。结论 BiPAP通气对中重度COPD稳定期患者运动耐力及肺功能改善作用明显,值得在临床推广应用。     

吸入沙美特罗／氟替卡松联合呼吸训练治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ级稳定期COPD老年患者的临床研究

目的 探讨吸入沙美特罗/氟替卡松(舒利迭)联合呼吸训练治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ级稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)老年患者疗效. 方法 90例COPD老年患者随机分成空白对照组(A组)、舒利迭治疗组(B组)和舒利迭联合呼吸训练治疗组(C组),每组30例.评估各组观察治疗前、治疗后1月和治疗后6月的肺功能变化[第1秒最大呼气量(FEV1)、FEV1占预计值百分比(FEV1%)和FEV1/用力肺活量(FVC)]、呼吸困难分级(MRS)、体质量指数(BMI)和运动耐力[6 min步行距离(6MWD)]. 结果 B组在治疗1月后即可有效改善COPD老年患者肺功能,减轻呼吸困难症状,提高运动耐力,改善营养状况,增加体质量,治疗6月后改善更明显(P＜0.05).C组同样能改善肺功能,但与B组比较无统计学差异.另外,C组同样能减轻呼吸困难症状,提高运动耐力,改善营养状况,增加体质量,并且比B组改善更明显(P＜0.05). 结论 舒利迭联合呼吸训练治疗不仅能够改善肺功能,延缓疾病自然进程,而且可以提高生存质量,改善预后.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者运动耐力下降的生理学研究

目的研究平板踏车联合无创正压通气（NIPPV）运动锻炼对COPD患者呼吸生理学的影响,探讨与运动耐力改善相关的生理学机制,期望为COPD患者呼吸康复提供新的更为有效的方法。方法按2011年修订版GOLD标准选择稳定期重度至极重度COPD患者为研究对象,分为3组：即平板踏车联合NIPPV运动锻炼组（A组）、平板踏车运动锻炼组（B组）、既无NIPPV又无平板踏车运动锻炼组（C组）,每组观测20例。在运动锻炼前后分别测定6MWD、MRC评分、MEP、MIP及肺通气功能。结果经平板踏车联合NIPPV运动锻炼后COPD患者6MWD、MEP、MIP明显增加（P〈0．01）,MRC评分明显降低（P〈0．01）,肺功能FEV1％pred、FEV1／FVC、MVV、PEF等指标稍有改善,但锻炼前后差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;而MVV则有明显改善（P〈0．01）,差异具有统计学意义。结论重度至极重度稳定期COPD患者在平板踏车上进行面罩NIPPV运动锻炼有助于改善其运动耐力和吸气肌力,缓解呼吸困难,是一种较好的适合于重度至极重度稳定期cOPD患者的呼吸康复锻炼方法。     

Rehabilitation effects of land and water-based aerobic exercise on lung function,dyspnea, and exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:We sought to synthesize the evidence about aerobic exercise intervention during pulmonary rehabilitation, and to further explore the difference in rehabilitation effects between water and land-based aerobic exercise. This review''s purpose is to provide a basis by which practitioners and therapists can select and create appropriate therapeutic programs.Methods:Data of randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials comparing training group (TG, aerobic exercise in water or land) and control group (CG, usual care) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients (January 1, 2000–December 28, 2019) were obtained from the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases. Two researchers independently reviewed the literature, extracted the data, and evaluated the quality of the literature. Review Manager software (Rev Man 5.3; Cochrane, London, UK) was used for meta-analysis. The rehabilitation effect of water- or land based aerobic exercise was evaluated by subgroup analysis. The proposed systematic review details were registered in PROSPERO (CRD 42020168331).Results:Eighteen studies (1311 cases of COPD) were included. Meta-analysis results show that compared with the control group, the dyspnea level and functional and endurance exercise capacity in COPD patients were significantly improved after aerobic exercise (P < .05), but there was no significant change in lung function (P > .05). Compared with land-based aerobic exercise, water-based aerobic exercise significantly improved the endurance exercise capacity in COPD patients (mean difference [MD]: 270.18, 95% CI: 74.61–465.75).Conclusion:Medium to high-quality evidence shows that aerobic exercise can effectively improve dyspnea and exercise capacity in COPD patients. Compared with land-based aerobic exercise, water-based aerobic exercise had a significant additional effect in improving the endurance exercise capacity of COPD patients.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病2种肺康复策略的疗效比较

目的:比较2种不同的肺康复干预策略对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者BODE指数评分、焦虑抑郁及日常生活活动能力的改善及脱落率。方法:采用随机、对照的方法将155例稳定期COPD患者分为3组,肺康复干预Ⅰ组给予康复宣教、有氧呼吸操及体能训练;肺康复干预Ⅱ组仅给予康复宣教及有氧呼吸操,对照组不给予肺康复干预,为期20周。比较康复前后3组患者BODE指数、焦虑抑郁及日常生活活动能力评分及脱落的差异。结果:经过20周的肺康复干预,肺康复干预Ⅰ、Ⅱ组较对照组在焦虑抑郁评分、6 min步行距离、呼吸困难程度评分均明显改善(P<0.01),但脱落率明显高于其他2组(P     

The effect of specific inspiratory muscle training on the sensation of dyspnea and exercise tolerance in patients with congestive heart failure.

BACKGROUND: It has been previously shown that the inspiratory muscles of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) are weaker than those of normal persons. This weakness may contribute to the dyspnea and limit exercise capacity in these patients. The respiratory muscles can be trained for both strength and endurance. HYPOTHESIS: The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of specific inspiratory muscle training (SIMT) on inspiratory muscle performance, lung function, dyspnea, and exercise capacity in patients with moderate heart failure. METHODS: Twenty patients with CHF (NYHA functional class II-III) were recruited for the study. The subjects were randomized into two groups: 10 patients were included in the study group and received SIMT and 10 patients were assigned to the control group and received sham training. Subjects in both groups trained daily, 6 times/week, for one-half h, for 3 months. The subjects started breathing at a resistance equal to 15% of their PImax for 1 week and the resistance was then increased incrementally to 60%. Spirometry, inspiratory muscle strength (assessed by measuring the PImax at residual volume), and endurance (expressed by the relationship between PmPeak and PImax), the 12-min walk test, and peak VO2 were performed before the beginning and at the end of the training period. RESULTS: All patients in the training group showed an increase in the inspiratory muscle strength [mean (+/- standard error of the mean) PImax increased from 46.5 +/- 4.7 to 63.6 +/- 4.0 cm H2O, p < 0.005], and endurance (mean PmPeak/PImax from 47.8 +/- 3.6 to 67.7 +/- 1.7%, p < 0.05), while they remained unchanged in the control group. This was associated in the training group with a small but significant increase in forced vital capacity, a significant increase in the distance walked (458 +/- 29 to 562 +/- 32 m, p < 0.01), and an improvement in the dyspnea index score. No statistically significant change in the mean peak VO2 was noted in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Specific inspiratory muscle training resulted in increased inspiratory muscle strength and endurance. This increase was associated with decreased dyspnea, increase in submaximal exercise capacity, and no change in maximal exercise capacity. This training may probe to be a complementary therapy in patients with congestive heart failure.     

运动训练联合居家运动在老年肺康复病人中的应用

目的 探讨运动训练联合居家运动在老年肺康复病人中的应用效果及对圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)、呼吸困难指数(mMRC)评分的影响.方法 选择2017年6月至2019年6月进行肺康复锻炼的60例老年病人,按随机数字表法分为2组,每组30例.对照组给予常规康复模式,观察组采用运动训练方案联合居家运动,2组均完成4周干预.比较2...     

Comparison of specific expiratory, inspiratory, and combined muscle training programs in COPD

BACKGROUND: Respiratory muscle weakness may contribute to dyspnea and exercise limitation in patients with significant COPD. In an attempt to reduce the severity of breathlessness and to improve exercise tolerance, inspiratory muscle training has been applied in many COPD patients. On the other hand, there is a paucity of data related to expiratory muscle performance and training in COPD. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with significant COPD (ie, mean FEV(1), 37% of predicted) were recruited for the study. The patients were randomized into four groups: eight patients were assigned to receive specific expiratory muscle training (SEMT); eight patients received specific inspiratory muscle training (SIMT); eight patients received SEMT and SIMT (ie, the SEMT + SIMT group); and eight patients who were assigned to a control group received training with very low load. All patients trained daily, six times a week, with each session consisting of one half hour of training, for 3 months. Spirometry, respiratory muscle strength and endurance, 6-min walk test distance, the perception of dyspnea, and the Mahler baseline dyspnea index (BDI) were measured before and following training. RESULTS: Training caused a statistically significant specific increase in the expiratory muscle strength and endurance (in the SEMT and SEMT + SIMT groups) and in the inspiratory muscle strength and endurance (in the SIMT and SEMT + SIMT groups). There was significant increase in the distance walked in 6 min in the SEMT, SIMT, and SEMT + SIMT groups. However, the increase in the SIMT and SEMT + SIMT groups was significantly greater than that in the SEMT group. There was a statistically significant increase in the BDI, and a decrease in the mean Borg score during breathing against resistance in the SIMT and SEMT + SIMT groups, with no changes in the SEMT and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The inspiratory and expiratory muscles can be specifically trained with improvement of both muscle strength and endurance. The improvement in the inspiratory muscle performance is associated with an increase in the 6-min walk test distance and the sensation of dyspnea. There is no additional benefit gained by combining SIMT with SEMT, compared to using SIMT alone.     

无创通气运动锻炼对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的康复作用

目的 探讨踏车运动锻炼结合面罩双水平气道正压(bi-level positive airway pressure,BiPAP)无创通气对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者的康复作用.方法 选择稳定期COPD患者30例,随机分为治疗组和对照组.两组患者测定肺功能,基础呼吸困难指数(basic dyspnea index,BDI),12分钟步行距离(twelve minutes walking distance,12MWD),呼吸肌力量,包括最大吸气压(maximal inspiratory pressure,Plmax)和最大跨膈肌压(maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure,Pdimax),自行车运动耐力等参数.治疗组患者在踏车上运动锻炼的同时接受面罩BiPAP通气,运动负荷为其自行车运动最大负荷的75%.每天锻炼2 h,每周5 d,连续4周.对照组不接受治疗.4周后两组患者均复查上述参数.结果 4周后.治疗组患者肺功能中的深吸气量(inspiratory capacity,IC)明显增加,变化呼吸困难指数(transition dyspnea index,TDI)与对照组比较显著改善(6.3±1.5 vs 2.8±1.3,P<0.05).12MWD增加[治疗前(784±19)m vs治疗后(928±15)m,P<0.01].呼吸肌肉力量增强,Plmax从(56±12)cm H2O上升到(78±10)cm H2O(P<0.01),Pdimax则从(80±13)cm H2O上升到(112±18)cm H2O(P<0.01).自行车运动耐力时间延长[(212±31)s vs(395±29)s,P<0.053],最大运动功率增加[(45±13)W vs(77±12)W,P<0.05],结论稳定期COPD患者在踏车上进行面罩无创通气运动锻炼有助于改善其呼吸肌肉力量,增加IC,缓解呼吸困难,提高运动耐力.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者综合康复治疗疗效观察

目的观察慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者康复治疗前、后症状评分、6分钟步行试验（6MWT）及肺功能的变化。方法采用前瞻性随机对照研究,将60例COPD稳定期患者分为治疗组和对照组各30例;其中治疗组进行综合康复治疗（包括心理康复治疗、呼吸肌康复治疗、长期家庭氧疗）,康复治疗前和48周后分别测定第1秒用力肺活量（FEV1）、第1秒用力肺活量／用力肺活量（FEV1／FVC）和FEV,占正常预计值的百分比（FEV1％）及6MWT运动距离;并通过问卷调查的形式进行症状评价。结果治疗组咳嗽、咯痰及呼吸困难等症状明显改善,6MWT运动距离明显提高,与对照组比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）,但肺功能指标的改变无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论对COPD稳定期患者进行长期、综合程序康复治疗可以显著提高运动耐力,减轻临床症状。     

Inspiratory muscle training combined with general exercise reconditioning in patients with COPD.

We compared, in a controlled clinical trial, the effect of specific inspiratory muscle training combined with general exercise reconditioning, for six months, with that of general exercise reconditioning alone on inspiratory muscle strength, endurance, and exercise performance in patients with COPD. Thirty-six patients were recruited into three groups; 12 patients received specific inspiratory muscle training combined with general exercise reconditioning, 12 patients underwent general exercise reconditioning alone, and the remaining 12 patients received no training. Specific inspiratory muscle training, for six months, improved the inspiratory muscle strength and endurance in patients with COPD. This training combined with general exercise reconditioning also provided improvement in exercise tolerance, and this improvement was significantly greater than that of general exercise reconditioning alone.