Clinical application of the free scapular fascial flap

Seven free scapular fascial flaps with a skin graft on top were used to cover soft tissue defects of the hand and foot in 6 patients during the past two years. The size of the flap ranged from 7 x 8 cm to 8 x 12 cm. All flaps survived well, but one had partial loss as a result of infection. The advantages, disadvantages, indications, and important technical points of the surgery are discussed.     

分叶肩胛皮瓣的临床应用

目的 介绍分叶肩胛皮瓣的设计及其在软组织缺损修复中的应用.方法 2002年3月至2006年6月,对9例手部软组织缺损患者,根据缺损创面的大小和相邻创面的距离,结合旋肩胛动脉的分支特点设计一蒂双叶或三叶肩胛皮瓣,进行游离移植修复创面.男6例,女3例;年龄26～48岁,平均31岁.皮瓣分叶形式有:降支皮瓣+升支皮瓣4例,降支皮瓣+横支皮瓣3例,降支皮瓣+横支皮瓣+升支皮瓣2例.皮瓣切除的范围:升支皮瓣3.5 cm×3 cm～6 cm×4 cm大小,横支皮瓣4 cm×3 cm～12 cm×6 cm大小,降支皮瓣7 cm×6 cm～13 cm×6 cm大小.血管蒂吻合方式:旋肩胛动、静脉与桡动脉、头静脉端端缝合7例,与尺动脉、贵要静脉端端缝合2例.供区处理:创缘皮肤直接拉拢缝合6例,中心部分缺损切取创面两端皱角皮肤植皮3例.结果 9例皮瓣全部成活,肩胛供区一期愈合.1例术后第1天出现动脉危象,探查解除血管蒂在隧道内卡压后血运恢复.术后随访6～24个月,平均16.5个月,其中2例患者二期行分指、皮瓣修薄术.所有皮瓣色泽、质地良好.结论 以旋肩胛动脉的三个皮肤分支为解剖基础的分叶肩胛皮瓣的临床设计属一蒂多轴分叶皮瓣类型,各瓣血供充分,能较好地修复手部相邻多处软组织缺损.     

向上臂延伸的肩胛游离皮瓣的临床应用研究

目的 应用向上臂延伸的肩胛游离皮瓣一期修复面颈部和上唇瘢痕切除后创面.方法 在设计肩胛游离皮瓣时,应用常规的肩胛旁皮瓣修复面颈部瘢痕切除后所遗创面,同时,将肩胛皮瓣向上臂后内侧延伸,延伸部分用以修复上唇缺损.结果 本组6例,均为烧伤后上唇、面颈部瘢痕患者,皆应用向上臂延伸的肩胛皮瓣修复上唇、面颈部瘢痕切除后所遗创面,背部肩胛旁皮瓣面积为22 cm×11 cm～40.0 cm x 9.5 cm,平均36.57 cm×10.20 cm,向上臂延伸的皮瓣面积为7 cm×4 cm～12 cm×4 cm,平均10.32 cm×3.67 cm,皮瓣全部成活.结论 向上臂延伸的肩胛游离皮瓣,其延伸部分的血供除来自旋肩胛动脉的分支血管外,旋肩胛动脉和旋肱后动脉之间还存在直接交通支血管,旋肱后动脉切断后,旋肩胛动脉通过上述直接交通支血管可以供应旋肱后动脉在上臂的皮肤分布区;将肩胛游离皮瓣向上臂延伸,可在修复面颈部瘢痕挛缩的同时,修复上唇缺损,皮瓣血运可靠,手术效果良好.     

Successful preexpansion of a free scapular flap

The use of pretransfer tissue expansion of a free scapular flap is described. This technique allows coverage of large defects with good quality skin and tensionless closure of the donor site.     

The extended free scapular flap

The free scapular flap, supplied by a single circumflex scapular vascular pedicle, can be safely extended beyond the midline of the back. The upper back can be a donor for very large and long flaps, ideal for resurfacing large defects.     

The free fascial forearm flap

The unpleasant appearance of the donor site after harvesting a forearm flap limits its use in many centers. In this paper, the author records his experience with a modification of the standard fasciocutaneous forearm flap. Such modification involves the utilization of the fascial component of the flap sparing the skin of the forearm, which is closed as a longitudinal line. This fascial forearm flap (FFF) was used as a free flap in eight cases. All the flaps survived well, and the donor site appearance was excellent. The fascial forearm flap advantages and limitations are discussed with recommendations for further utilization of other fascial flaps.     

肩胛皮瓣再造阴茎

目的：探索一种新的阴茎再造手术方式。方法：应用肩胛皮瓣游离移植和银丝棒硅胶阴茎假体置入行阴茎再造。结果：自2000年3月起，已在临床应用6例，术后皮瓣全部成活。经随访6－12个月，阴茎形态和功能良好，结论：此手术方法设计合理，术后形态功能良好，供区无明显继发畸形，是一种较好的阴茎再造方法。     

拇指背侧逆行皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨拇指背侧逆行筋膜皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损的临床应用。方法2007年4月-2011年5月,对22例拇指端软组织缺损患者采用拇指尺、桡侧逆行筋膜皮瓣修复,皮瓣面积：2．3cm×2．8cm～3．0cm×3．5cm。结果本组22例中仅1例皮瓣部分坏死,其余全部成活。术后随访6-36个月,皮瓣外形无臃肿,质地柔软。结论拇指尺、桡侧逆行筋膜皮瓣具有操作简便、血供可靠、疗程短等优点,是修复拇指软组织缺损的较好方法。     

带指背神经筋膜蒂顺行岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的 探讨带指背神经筋膜蒂顺行岛状皮瓣一期修复邻指软组织缺损的方法。方法 2001年10月-2006年5月，对38例手指近、中节的掌、背侧皮肤缺损的患者，采用邻指带指背神经筋膜蒂顺行岛状皮瓣转移修复。结果 38例皮瓣全部存活，术后随访5个月～1年，手指功能及外观良好，伤指无疼痛，皮瓣质地柔软，弹性好，两点分辨觉为8～10mm。结论 该术式操作简单，疗程短，疗效满意，是治疗手指皮肤缺损可行的一种手术方法。     

游离肩胛脂肪筋膜瓣修复单侧颜面萎缩临床研究

目的：探讨游离肩胛脂肪筋膜瓣修复单侧颜面萎缩的远期疗效。方法：设计以旋肩胛动脉与伴行静脉血管为血管蒂的游离肩胛脂肪筋膜瓣填充移植于颜面萎缩部修复颜面外形，血管蒂与受区颞浅动静脉吻合。结果：临床应用12例均获成功，随访1～7年，脂肪筋膜瓣萎缩量约5％～10％，最大萎缩量为20％，外形基本满意。结论：带血管蒂游离脂肪瓣筋膜移植可获得较长期稳定的手术效果。术前设计仍应适当考虑脂肪筋膜瓣远期萎缩因素。     

邻指近节指背筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的报道邻指近节指背筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣修复指体软组织缺损的方法。方法我科从2006年4月-2008年5月,对36例手指皮肤软组织缺损创面应用邻指近节指背筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣进行修复,本组顺行岛状皮瓣9例,逆行27例;其中12例皮瓣带有指固有神经背侧支。皮瓣切取面积为i．5cm×1．5cm-2．5cm×3．0cm。结果34例全部成活,2例部分坏死。随访2月-10月,手指外形好,质地柔软,耐磨,无触痛,静止两点辨别觉5-10mm,供区无明显并发症,指间关节活动正常。结论此术式不损伤手部的主要神经血管,不需吻合血管,皮瓣感觉恢复良好,是一种简单、实用的手术方法。     

Achilles tendon cover using a free lateral arm fascial flap

Cover of an exposed Achilles tendon is a rare but difficult surgical problem. Two cases are presented in which a free lateral arm fascial flap covered with a split-thickness skin graft was used. The morbidity of the donor site was very low, and the functional result was good. Surgical techniques and results are presented. Received: 30 April 1997 / Accepted: 29 January 1998     

以颞浅筋膜岛状瓣为携带的扩张预构皮瓣的临床应用研究

目的：探讨以颞浅血管为蒂的颞浅筋膜瓣为携带的扩张预构皮瓣的手术设计、操作技巧和一些应该注意的问题,并应用于面部组织缺损的修复。方法：手术分两期进行,术前应用超声多普勒血流测定仪探测出颞浅动脉及其额、顶分支的位置和走行方向;Ⅰ期手术时,以颞浅动、静脉为蒂,形成颞浅筋膜岛状瓣,筋膜瓣的大小为5×4cm～8cm×7cm（平均为6．8cm×5．2cm）;分别在颈部、耳后乳突区和额部进行剥离,形成容纳扩张器的皮肤软组织腔隙;将颞浅筋膜瓣转移至该腔隙内,舒展地固定于已剥离好的腔隙的皮瓣深面,在筋膜瓣下埋置适当大小的扩张器。注水完毕后,进行Ⅱ期手术,取出扩张器,形成以颞浅筋膜瓣为携带的预构皮瓣,修复面部组织缺损。预构皮瓣的大小为8cm×4cm～17cm×7cm（平均11．89cm×6．39cm）,供瓣区直接拉拢缝合或另行植皮修复。为确保皮瓣转移安全,对7例预构皮瓣进行了术前延迟处理。结果：临床应用10例,其中预构颈部皮瓣4例、预构耳后乳突区皮瓣5例、预构额部皮瓣1例。除1例耳后乳突区预构皮瓣发生远端小面积坏死外,其余皮瓣全部成活。除l例耳后供瓣区区需另行植皮修复外,其余供瓣区直接拉拢缝合。扩张时间3～5个月,平均4．05个月。结论：皮瓣预构技术可摆脱人体固有的皮肤血管构筑的限制,在原不存在轴型血管的部位形成轴型皮瓣,或将任意型皮瓣转化为轴型皮瓣,是对传统皮瓣形成技术的一种改良,是皮瓣外科学领域的一项新进展。组织扩张技术在皮瓣预构中的作用,除可促进皮瓣的新生血管化,提供更大面积的薄型皮瓣外,还有助于皮瓣供区的关闭,降低供瓣区继发畸形的发生率。     

不同形式的第一掌背动脉筋膜皮瓣的临床应用

目的介绍以第一掌背动脉为供血动脉的不同形式筋膜皮瓣的临床应用。方法从1995～2003年,临床应用三种不同形式的第一掌背动脉筋膜皮瓣:⑴顺行切取示指背侧皮瓣;⑵扩大切取示指背侧皮瓣;⑶第一掌背动脉逆行筋膜皮瓣。用于修复虎口、拇指以及示指特别是其指腹的皮肤缺损。结果本组65例皮瓣全部成活,随访半年以上有35例,修复后拇指和示指指腹两点辨别觉为6mm～12mm(平均8.1mm),外形满意,皮瓣质地佳,患者均恢复原工作。结论切取不同形式的第一掌背动脉筋膜皮瓣,特别是第一掌背动脉逆行筋膜皮瓣是安全可行的,扩大了此皮瓣临床应用的适应证。     

Temporal fascial flap: a versatile free flap for coverage of complex skin defects

The use of temporal fascial flap (TFF) as a microsurgical option permits the covering of skin defects which expose bones, nerves and vessels; it also provides a gliding surface which facilitates tendon excursion. Other advantages of the TFF are a reasonably constant surgical anatomy, minimal donor-site morbidity, and a thin and pliable surface which results in good cosmetic contour. In this paper we present our experience using TFF to cover wounds with significant exposed surfaces in different body areas (hands, feet, popliteal fossa); an average of 7 years follow-up is presented. Eleven patients with various wounds are presented: 91% had a successful surgery, and the TFF was able to solve the primary problem. On follow-up it was seen that the surgical aim had been reached, with excellent skin quality in terms of pliability, range of motion and protection from secondary ulceration. All patients were satisfied with the final result, and were able to return to their normal lifestyle. Scars secondary to flap harvesting were of good quality and were able to be hidden by the hair. No significant areas of alopecia were noticed.     

Management of complicated wounds of the extremities with scapular fascial free flaps

Management of complicated open wounds of the extremities represents a reconstructive challenge. The goal of reconstruction is to provide coverage of exposed vital structures with well-vascularized tissues for optimal restoration of its form and function. We present our experience with the use of scapular fascial free flaps in the reconstruction of complicated open wounds of the extremities. During the period 2001 to 2009, a total of 12 reconstructions utilizing scapular fascial free flaps were performed: nine for upper extremity wounds and three for lower extremity wounds. Two flaps failed: in one case due to intractable vasospasm, in the other case due to lack of adequate recipient vessels. In the ten successful cases, good functional and aesthetic outcomes were achieved. Based on our experience, we conclude that the scapular fascial free flap, although technically demanding, could be considered as the flap of choice for reconstruction of complicated open wounds of the extremities; it provides ample thin and well vascularized soft tissue coverage with restoration of function and a natural contour of the extremity.     

游离股前外侧皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨游离股前外侧皮瓣移植修复四肢皮肤缺损的临床效果。方法采用吻合血管的股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复足背皮肤缺损11例,小腿骨外露5例,手背及虎口皮肤缺损4例;皮瓣切取面积10cm×8cm~22cm×10cm。结果20例皮瓣全部成活,术后随访6~48个月,移植皮瓣外形及功能恢复满意。结论股前外侧皮瓣具有切取面积大、部位隐蔽、不损伤主要血管、血管蒂长等优点,是修复四肢皮肤缺损较理想的方法。