胰头十二指肠切除术残胰的处理方法

胰头十二指肠切除术是治疗壶腹周围癌的主要手术方法 ,该手术复杂、创伤大 ,残胰处理方法是否适当 ,与胰瘘的发生有相当重要关系。我院从 1 974年 1 2月至 2 0 0 0年 1 2月共施行胰头十二指肠切除术 64例 ,胰瘘发生 3例 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1 .1　一般资料本组 64例 ,男 5 0例 ,女 1 4例 ,男∶女 =3.5 7∶1。年龄 2 2～ 72岁 ,大于 60岁 1 3例。病理诊断为 :壶腹癌和乳头部癌 39例 ,胰头癌 1 3例 ,胆管下段癌5例 ,慢性胰腺炎 5例 ,十二指肠降段淋巴肉瘤 2例。1 .2　手术方法本组采用残胰空肠厌入法 5 4例 ,胰管空肠粘膜吻合法 9例 ,胰…     

胰十二指肠切除术胰瘘的预防

胰十二指肠切除术后发生胰瘘的相关因素较多 ,现将我们的诊治体会报告如下。资料和方法一、一般资料 :我院自 1990～ 2 0 0 0年 ,行胰十二指肠切除术37例 ,男 2 5例 ,女 12例 ,年龄 35～ 74岁 ,平均 5 6.2岁。胰头癌16例 ,胆总管下端癌 12例 ,十二指肠乳头癌 4例 ,壶腹癌 2例 ,胰头良性错构瘤 1例 ,胰头外伤横断 1例 ,十二指肠降部腺癌并十二指肠结肠瘘 1例。其中合并梗阻性黄疸 31例 ,就诊前黄疸持续时间 8～ 30ｄ ,上腹隐痛 14例 ,食欲低下、消瘦乏力 9例 ,黑便 3例 ,大便陶土样 6例 ,因合并胆系感染高热 3例 ,大便潜血阳性 6例 ,腹水 2例…     

胰十二指肠切除术胰瘘的防治

近二十年来由于手术技术和围手术期处理的改善，胰十二指肠切除术的手术死亡率已明显下降，但术后并发症率仍很高。胰瘦是胰十二指肠切除术最严重和最常见的并发症。近年来其发生率仍在10％左右，发生后死亡率达50％[1]。主要是由于胰瘘可造成腹腔内严重感染和大出血。因此防止胰瘘的发生是降低术后死亡率的关键之一。胰十二指肠切除术残留胰腺的大小、质地，胰管的直径、以及胰液排出量与胰瘘的发生有明显的关系。残留胰腺质地柔软、胰液分泌率相对高而且通过未扩张胰管时易引起吻合口瘘，因此残胰可分为正常、柔软、脆弱而且胰管未扩张和…     

胰十二指肠切除术

1胰十二指肠切除术的历史回顾 十九世纪末，对壶腹癌的治疗还是采用姑息性胆囊空肠吻合术，但外科医生也开始尝试一些根治性的手术方法。胰十二指肠切除术（pancreaticoduodenectomy，PD）就是从这时起步的。     

胰十二指肠切除术的应用体会

胰十二指肠切除属于切除范围广泛、创伤大、操作复杂的手术,我科近4年共施行胰十二指肠切除术12 3例,取得良好的治疗效果,总结如下。床资料1.一般资料:本组12 3例中男72例,女5 1例;年龄2 3～87岁。其中严重胰十二指肠损伤行胰十二指肠切除术9例其余患者入院前病程最短7d ,最长5个月。以黄疸为主诉79例,其中无痛或伴轻微右上腹痛5 3例,伴明显上腹或右上腹痛34例,伴中度以上发热2 5例,均有不同程度体重下降。临床发现上腹部包块17例,胆囊肿大5 0例,肝大5 5例,均有上腹部或右上腹部压痛。2 .手术方法:术中全面探查腹腔,对于平诊患者均按三部探…     

胰十二指肠切除术技术改进的临床研究

目的评价胰十二指肠切除术(pancreaticoduodenectomy,PD)技术改进后的效果。方法采用病例对照研究,对比传统组30例及改良组28例的临床资料、手术相关指标和术后并发症发生率。传统组采用传统PD方式手术,而改良组采用PPPD术式,探查时先离断胆管,直接显露PV及SMV;胆胰内引流;胰肠吻合采用套入式单层吻合法。结果改良组在探查时间、胰肠吻合时间、手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数、住院费用上明显优于传统组(P<0.05或P<0.01),术后改良组发生胰瘘1例(3.6%),明显优于传统组的7例(23.3%)(P<0.05)。但改良组术后发生胃排空障碍6例(21.4%),明显多于传统组1例(3.3%),经保守治疗后均获缓解。术后改良组死亡1例(3.6%),与传统组4例(13.3%)比较无差异(P>0.05)。结论PD改良术能降低胰瘘发生率,缩短手术时间,降低住院费用,值得临床推广。     

保留十二指肠乳头的胰十二指肠切除术

目的介绍保留十二指肠乳头的胰十二指肠切除术。方法对2例重型十二指肠合并胰腺损伤患者行保留十二指肠乳头的胰十二指肠切除术。结果无手术死亡,术后无胰瘘等严重并发症,均痊愈出院。结论对胆总管完整、十二指肠乳头尚存的重型胰十二指肠损伤患者,急诊手术行保留十二指肠乳头的胰十二指肠切除是值得考虑和应用的安全手术方法。     

Pancreaticoduodenectomy After Liver Transplantation in Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Complicated by Distal Pancreatobiliary Malignancy

Background  

The aim of this study was to examine the use of pancreaticoduodenectomy for malignancy in patients who have undergone liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).     

腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术的个体化策略

腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术(LPD)的安全性及有效性已逐步得到国内众多学者的认可,并有望成为壶腹周围肿瘤的标准术式。本单位是国内最早开展LPD的单位之一,经过长期的经验积累,根据不同患者的实际情况选择个体化的手术治疗策略,并逐渐形成具有自己特色的程序化手术流程,此手术流程设计充分发挥了腔镜的优势,遵循由下到上、由前到后、由左到右的手术切除顺序,有效优化手术中的操作细节,充分的利用每一个暴露好的手术野,减少了不必要的重复术野暴露,在保证手术质量的同时能明显缩短手术时间。     

扩大胰十二指肠切除术

1.沿着自然的解剖间隙进行分离。2.所有大血管直接套线结扎,避免钳夹,以免形成假性动脉瘤,导致术后迟发性的大出血。3.横断胆总管后立即引流胆管,可避免胆汁进入手术野,让手术野清爽干净。4.切断胰颈前在胰腺上下缘各缝1针,将胰头端结扎,可减少切断胰颈时的出血。5.清扫范围:上至肝门,下至肠系膜下动脉起始部,右至右肾门,左至腹主动脉左侧缘。肠系膜上动脉要360°骨骼化。6.胰管空肠粘膜对粘膜吻合是最接近生理状态的吻合方式,容易操作,胰漏发生率也不高。     

Pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Few major abdominal operations have undergone the extent of dramatic change as that associated with pancreaticoduodenectomy in the last 20 years. The precipitous drop in the mortality rate most likely has a multifaceted explanation. Possibilities include the concentration of the operations at specialized centers, the improvement in the quality of critical care and anesthesia, and the improvement in the skill and experience of surgeons performing the procedure. Concomitant with the drop in the morality rate has been an increase in the resectability rate, along with the early encouraging evidence of improved long-term survival. However, many aspects of the technical portion of the procedure, particularly the pancreaticojejunostomy, need to be evaluated in prospective trials. The changes in the mortality and resectability rates make the operation more widely available to a larger number of patients, and the effectiveness of pancreaticoduodenectomy even for palliation is now well established.     

Total Laparoscopic Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Introduction:

Total laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (TLPD) remains one of the most advanced laparoscopic procedures. Owing to the evolution in laparoscopic technology and instrumentation within the past decade, laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy is beginning to gain wider acceptance.

Methods:

Data were collected for all patients who underwent a TLPD at our institution. Preoperative evaluation consisted of computed tomography scan with pancreatic protocol and selective use of magnetic resonance imaging and/or endoscopic ultrasonography. The TLPD was done with 6 ports on 3 patients and 5 ports in 2 patients and included a celiac, periportal, peripancreatic, and periduodenal lymphadenectomy. Pancreatic stents were used in all 5 cases, and intestinal continuity was re-established by intracorporeal anastomoses.

Results:

Five patients underwent a TLPD for suspicion of a periampullary tumor. There were 3 women and 2 men with a mean age of 60 years and a mean body mass index of 32.8. Intraoperatively, the mean operative time was 9 hours 48 minutes, with a mean blood loss of 136 mL. Postoperatively, there were no complications and a mean length of stay of 6.6 days. There was no lymph node involvement in 4 out of 5 specimens. The pathological results included intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm in 2 patients, pancreatic adenocarcinoma in 1 patient (R0 resection), benign 4-cm periampullary adenoma in 1 patient, and a somatostatin neuroendocrine carcinoma in 1 patient (R0, N1).

Conclusion:

TLPD is a viable alternative to the standard Whipple procedure. Our early experience suggests decreased length of stay, quicker recovery, and improved quality of life. Complication rates appear to be improved or equivalent.