父母依恋和同伴依恋与高中生行为问题的关系

目的:探讨父母依恋和同伴依恋与高中生行为问题的关系。方法:以高中生与父母同伴依恋问卷(IPPA)、中学生行为问题问卷为测试工具,对282名高中生进行测评。结果:①男生违纪高于女生(P<0.05),而女生的神经质行为得分高于男生(P<0.01)。②高中生的大部分行为问题与父母依恋呈显著负相关,女生的退缩和神经质与同伴疏离呈显著负相关。③逐步回归分析表明,父母依恋和同伴依恋对于男生攻击、违纪、退缩和神经质的解释率分别为:11%,8%,21%,19%;对女生的攻击、违纪、退缩和神经质的解释率分别为:21%,22%,20%,32%。结论:父母依恋和同伴依恋对于高中生的行为问题有影响,相对于男生而言,女生受到的影响更多。     

In Vivo Behavior of Revertants from Staphylococcus aureus L-Phase Variants Compared with the Parent Strain

The in vivo behavior of revertants of Staphylococcus aureus L-phase variants were studied in mice. The Giorgio strain of S. aureus was induced into L-phase variants by methicillin. After 13 serial passages in methicillin agar and six passages in antibiotic-free agar, reversion occurred. Six revertants, all phage untypable, coagulase negative, and mannitol negative, were inoculated intravenously into Swiss albino mice in comparison with the parent strain. Inoculation of 10⁸ colony-forming units resulted in 38% mortality at 28 days for the Giorgio group and 0 to 2% for the revertants. The geometric mean titer of staphylococci in the kidneys was 3.5 × 10⁵ for the Giorgio group and 0.5 × 10⁰ to 1.0 × 10² for the revertants. Serial colony counts of blood, lungs, spleen, liver, and kidneys in mice inoculated with 10⁷ colony-forming units showed faster clearance and failure of the revertant to colonize the kidneys. It is concluded that the in vivo behavior of the L-phase revertants was vastly different from that of the parent Giorgio strain.     

健康行为改变干预本体的构建与应用

生活方式干预是慢病管理的重要环节,随着互联网的发展,基于移动医疗技术的综合干预方案成为慢病管理模式研究的新趋势。面对干预复杂性和综合性越来越强的挑战,一个标准、细致、综合的框架有利于对干预方案进行解构分析,从而促进干预的质量和效果提升。本研究提出健康行为改变干预本体,通过内容分析法对干预内容进行分类提取,得到行为改变技术及其属性的重要术语集合,通过七步法结合OWL建模语言完成本体构建;并以面向高血压院外管理的干预方案为例进行验证,评估其干预方案。所得术语集合包括22个适用于基于移动医疗技术的慢病管理饮食和运动场景的行为改变技术,以及102个行为改变技术实施过程属性,健康行为改变干预本体共有128个类,51个数据属性,16个对象属性。基于本体将高血压干预方案转换为层次清晰、过程明确的干预单元组合,对其评估结果表明方案使用行为改变技术共14种,覆盖率为63.64%。该本体能够应用于慢病管理相关场景的干预设计、描述和分析评估等环节,有利于知识的组织与共享。     

留守儿童心理健康与父母同伴依恋的关系研究

目的 探讨留守儿童心理健康与父母依恋、同伴依恋之间的关系.方法 对327名重庆地区留守儿童施父母同伴依恋问卷(IPPA)和中国中学生心理健康量表(MSSMHS).结果 ①留守儿童心理健康总分及10个因子分均显著高于全国常模(P＜0.01).留守儿童的强迫、焦虑、抑郁和人际关系紧张与敏感因子性别差异显著(t=-2.020,-2.187,-2.151,-2.247;P＜0.05);②留守儿童的偏执和心理不平衡因子年级差异显著(F=3.051,4.160;P＜0.05);③留守儿童心理健康总分与同伴依恋、父亲依恋和母亲依恋呈显著负相关(P＜0.05).心理健康各因子与父母同伴依恋各难度存在不同程度的相关(P＜0.05);④留守儿童的父亲疏离、同伴信任、同伴疏离、母亲疏离和父亲信任共同预测心理健康水平,解释率为25.9％(P＜0.05).结论 通过调节父母、同伴依恋状况可改善留守儿童心理健康状况.     

In Vivo Behavior of Fibrinogen Fragment D in Experimental Renal, Hepatic and Reticuloendothelial Dysfunction

Fibrinogen Fg-D, obtained by plasmin-induced cleavage of fibrinogen, was separated and purified by ion exchange chromatography. The in vivo behavior was studied by administering 2 mg of ¹²⁵I-labeled Fg-D intravenously into each of 3 normal, 3 partially hepatectomized, 3 reticuloendothelial system (RES) blockaded, 4 nephrectomized and 2 ureter ligated rabbits. The plasma clearance in normal rabbits showed two components: 66.0 ± 6.0% was cleared with a t½ of 0.9 ± 0.2 hours and 32.3 ± 5.3% cleared with a t½ of 3.6 ± 0.3 hours. In both the partially hepatectomized and RES-blockaded groups, the clearance patterns were similar to those observed in the normal animals. In contrast, in the nephrectomized group, while the t½ of the first component was similar to that in the normal group, the second component had a longer t½ (6.0 ± 1.0 hours) than the other groups. In the animals with both ureters occluded, the t½'s were similar to the normal animals. Measurements of urinary radioactivity suggested that complete in vivo catabolism had occurred. In vivo subfragments of Fg-D could not be detected in the plasma. Neither Fg-D nor subfragments were found in the urine. These results indicate that Fg-D is rapidly cleared from the plasma, that in vivo subfragmentation does not occur, and that the kidneys are important in the catabolism of a portion of Fg-D.     

In Vivo oligonucleotide-protein interactions in the blood

The interaction of oligonucleotides with serum proteins was studiedin vivo by the method of affinity modification. Alkylating oligonucleotide derivatives administered to animals induced the formation of oligonucleotide-protein complexes circulating in the blood for a long-time. Oligonucleotides in these complexes were partially protected from nucleases. The major oligonucleotide-binding proteins identified with specific antibodies were albumins and IgG. In the erythrocyte fraction no specific oligonucleotide-binding proteins were detected, while membrane-cytosolic leukocyte fraction contained an oligonucleotide-binding protein with a molecular weight of 72 kD. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 6, pp. 654–657, June, 1999     

中学生自尊水平与家庭因素的关系

自尊是一个人基于自我认识、自我评价所产生的自我体验。自尊对个体健康心理及良好个性的形成有着积极的影响。本文旨在探讨中学生自尊水平与家庭因素之间的关系。     

应用行为原理对儿童问题行为干预的介绍

二十世纪五六十年代开始的行为矫正使行为原理展现了有效的应用价值与迅猛的发展趋势。在当代儿童问题行为的干预过程中，主张采用明确而积极主动的干预方法来增加儿童适应性的亲社会行为并减少其问题行为，而行为原理正符合这一要求。由于行为干预难以与认知绝对剥离，行为方法中必然渗透着认知因素，因而行为干预中所遵循的行为原理既囊括经典的行为原理，也包含认知一行为原理。经典的行为原理是以操作性条件作用为理论基础的，     

Surviving and Thriving With Cancer Using a Web-Based Health Behavior Change Intervention: Randomized Controlled Trial

Background

Given the substantial improvements in cancer screening and cancer treatment in the United States, millions of adult cancer survivors live for years following their initial cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, latent side effects can occur and some symptoms can be alleviated or managed effectively via changes in lifestyle behaviors.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a six-week Web-based multiple health behavior change program for adult survivors.

Methods

Participants (n=352) were recruited from oncology clinics, a tumor registry, as well as through online mechanisms, such as Facebook and the Association of Cancer Online Resources (ACOR). Cancer survivors were eligible if they had completed their primary cancer treatment from 4 weeks to 5 years before enrollment. Participants were randomly assigned to the Web-based program or a delayed-treatment control condition.

Results

In total, 303 survivors completed the follow-up survey (six months after completion of the baseline survey) and participants in the Web-based intervention condition had significantly greater reductions in insomnia and greater increases in minutes per week of vigorous exercise and stretching compared to controls. There were no significant changes in fruit and vegetable consumption or other outcomes.

Conclusions

The Web-based intervention impacted insomnia and exercise; however, a majority of the sample met or exceeded national recommendations for health behaviors and were not suffering from depression or fatigue at baseline. Thus, the survivors were very healthy and well-adjusted upon entry and their ability to make substantial health behavior changes may have been limited. Future work is discussed, with emphasis placed on ways in which Web-based interventions can be more specifically analyzed for benefit, such as in regard to social networking.

Trial Registration

Clinicaltrials.gov {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00962494","term_id":"NCT00962494"}}NCT00962494; http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/{"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00962494","term_id":"NCT00962494"}}NCT00962494 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6NIv8Dc6Q).     

高中生父母依恋与职业成熟度的相关研究

目的 探讨高中生对父母依恋的关系与其职业成熟度的关系.方法 采用父母依峦量表和职业成熟度量表对高中生进行调查.结果 依恋关系与职业态度、职业知识、成熟度存在显著的正向典型相关(r=0.273,P<0.05;r=0.064.P<0.05;r=0.062.P<0.05);在父母依恋中,父亲依恋对高中生的影响最大.结论 良好...     

修订版青少年依恋问卷中文版在初中生中应用的信效度

目的:探讨修订版青少年依恋问卷(Revised Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment,IPPA-R)中文版在初中生中的信度和效度。方法:方便选取河南某中学556名初中生,完成IPPA-R中文版、社会支持评定量表和儿童抑郁障碍自评量表测试(Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children,DSRSC)。随机抽取55人于4周后重测IPPA-R中文版以检验重测信度;依照DSRSC15分为临界值的标准,将被试分为可能抑郁组(n=59)和非抑郁组(n=497)来检测IPPA-R中文版的实证效度。结果:IPPA-R中文版的重测信度为0.782~0.902。内部一致性Cronbachα系数在0.737~0.886之间,同伴分量表疏远因子去除第9条目后内部一致性信度提高至0.805。各因子间的相关系数在-0.89~0.76之间。验证性因素分析显示,母亲依恋的χ2/df、GFI、TLI、CFI和RMSEA分别是2.479,0.920,0.919,0.928,0.047;父亲依恋分别是2.658,0.908,0.908,0.918,0.049;同伴依恋去除第9条目后分别是2.934,0.901,0.891,0.909,0.056。IPPA-R中文版的信任和沟通因子分与社会支持总分呈正相关(r=0.39~0.46),疏远因子分与社会支持总分呈负相关(r=-0.28~-0.41);可能抑郁组的信任和沟通分均低于非抑郁组,而疏远分均高于非抑郁组。结论:修订版青少年依恋问卷(IPPA-R)中文版的父母依恋分量表在初中生中具有良好的信度和效度,同伴依恋分量表去除第9条目可达到较为理想的心理测量学标准。     

Melatonin Stimulates Epithelium Migration in Wound Models In Vitro and In Vivo

Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - We studied the effect of bovine brain gangliosides, individual ganglioside GM1, and melatonin on the rate of wound closure under in vitro conditions...     

In Vivo and In Vitro Expression of Connexin 43 in Human Teeth

Gap junctions are composed of transmembrane proteins belonging to the connexin family. These proteins permit the exchange of small regulatory molecules directly between cells for the control of growth, development and differentiation. Although the presence of gap junctions in teeth has been already evidenced, the involved connexins have not yet been identified in human species. Here, we examined the distribution of connexin 43 (Cx43) in embryonic and permanent intact and carious human teeth. During tooth development, Cx43 localized both in epithelial and mesenchymal dental cells, correlated with cytodifferentiation gradients. In adult intact teeth, Cx43 was distributed in odontoblast processes. While Cx43 expression was downregulated in mature intact teeth, Cx43 appeared to be upregulated in odontoblasts facing carious lesions. In cultured pulp cells, Cx43 expression was related to the formation of mineralized nodules. These results indicate that Cx43 expression is developmentally regulated in human dental tissues, and suggest that Cx43 may participate in the processes of dentin formation and pathology.     

用γ射线显影法研究磷酸川芎嗪脉冲塞胶囊在犬胃肠道内的崩解释药和转运行为

为了解所研制的新型脉冲给药系统一磷酸川芎嗪脉冲塞胶囊能否在体内实现脉冲释药及其在体内的崩解释药部位。采用7射线显影法研究了在含药片中含有放射性同位素。^99mTc标记二乙三胺五醋酸（DTPA）的脉冲塞胶囊在犬胃肠道内的崩解释药和转运行为。结果表明，自制的脉冲塞胶囊在间隔一定时间（时滞）后，其中的含药片开始在犬的胃幽门部位或小肠崩解释药。且释药较为迅速。与希望的脉冲释药方式一致。此外．脉冲塞胶囊在犬体内的释药时滞随溶蚀塞重量的减少而缩短，可以通过调节凝胶塞的重量来获得所需时滞的脉冲塞胶囊满足时辰治疗的要求。     

Diabetes in Adolescence: Effects of Multifamily Group Intervention and Parent Simulation of Diabetes

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a complex, chronicdisease that is difficult to control during adolescence. Thisstudy evaluated the effects of a 6-week, family-oriented, groupintervention on adolescents' metabolic control and psychosocialand family functioning. Thirty-two families were randomly assignedto one of three groups: multifamily (MF), multi-family plusparent simulation of diabetes (MF+S), and control (C). Outcomemeasures included glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb Al); perceptionsof diabetes; estimates of youngsters' self-care; and familyfunctioning. Adolescents in the MF+S group displayed significantdecrements in Hb Al, and adolescents in both intervention groupsreported more positive perceptions of a "teen-ager with diabetes"at posttreatment, relative to controls. Adolescents participatingin smaller family groups demonstrated clinically significantimprovements in Hb Al that were maintained at 6-month follow-up.Parent reports suggested that adolescents in the interventiongroups improved their diabetes care. Findings support the useof multifamily groups plus parent simulation of diabetes asan intervention strategy for adolescents with IDDM.     

Leveraging Text Messaging and Mobile Technology to Support Pediatric Obesity-Related Behavior Change: A Qualitative Study Using Parent Focus Groups and Interviews

Background

Text messaging (short message service, SMS) is a widely accessible and potentially cost-effective medium for encouraging behavior change. Few studies have examined text messaging interventions to influence child health behaviors or explored parental perceptions of mobile technologies to support behavior change among children.

Objective

Our aim was to examine parental acceptability and preferences for text messaging to support pediatric obesity-related behavior change.

Methods

We conducted focus groups and follow-up interviews with parents of overweight and obese children, aged 6-12 years, seen for “well-child” care in eastern Massachusetts. A professional moderator used a semistructured discussion guide and sample text messages to catalyze group discussions. Seven participants then received 3 weeks of text messages before a follow-up one-on-one telephone interview. All focus groups and interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Using a framework analysis approach, we systematically coded and analyzed group and interview data to identify salient and convergent themes.

Results

We reached thematic saturation after five focus groups and seven follow-up interviews with a total of 31 parents of diverse race/ethnicity and education levels. Parents were generally enthusiastic about receiving text messages to support healthy behaviors for their children and preferred them to paper or email communication because they are brief and difficult to ignore. Participants anticipated high responsiveness to messaging endorsed by their child’s doctor and indicated they would appreciate messages 2-3 times/week or more as long as content remains relevant. Suggestions for maintaining message relevance included providing specific strategies for implementation and personalizing information. Most felt the negative features of text messaging (eg, limited message size) could be overcome by providing links within messages to other media including email or websites.

Conclusions

Text messaging is a promising medium for supporting pediatric obesity-related behavior change. Parent perspectives could assist in the design of text-based interventions.

Trial Registration

Clinicaltrials.gov {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT01565161","term_id":"NCT01565161"}}NCT01565161; http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/{"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT01565161","term_id":"NCT01565161"}}NCT01565161 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6LSaqFyPP).     

In Vivo Studies of Individual Mucous Glands in the Frog

Individual mucous glands in the toe web were studied in curarized decerebrate frogs using vital microscopy in combination with still or motion photomicrography. By changing the focus position to different levels various structures in the gland could be identified and their changes during glandular activation studied. The first visible effect of nerve stimulation was a contraction of the myoepithelium and probably also structural changes of the secretory epithelium resulting in a narrowing of the glandular lumen. Following this, the tricuspid valve opened and secretion was ejected. The latency and time course of the contractile response to nerve stimulation were determined and the influence of the number of stimuli on the duration of the contraction and relaxation phases was analyzed. Comparisons were made with reflex activation of the gland as well as with neurohormonal stimulation. The myoepithelial contraction was found to be under adrenergic control. Of the smooth-muscle stimulants tested only Substance P induced contractions. The time course of the ionic outflow from the toe web was determined by conductance measurements in the fluid surrounding the web and compared with the visually observed phenomena. The initial outflow was concomitant with the phasic myoepithelial contraction but a continued secretion could also be observed and recorded from glands kept in a steady state of contraction by iterative nerve stimulation. The functions of the toe web glands were found to be critically dependent on a maintained circulation in the surrounding capillary network.