单侧完全性唇腭裂术后牙弓间横向关系的不调及正畸矫治后变化的探讨

目的 :探讨单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者上下颌牙弓间横向关系以及正畸治疗对上颌牙弓的影响。方法 :对 84名单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者的错畸形和上下颌颌间关系进行研究 ;并对 36名唇腭裂术后患者进行正畸治疗前后的牙模型进行测量分析上颌牙弓宽度的变化。结果 :(1)单侧完全性唇腭裂术后 6 0 .7%的患者出现牙弓间横向关系的不协调 ,双尖牙区较易受累。 (2 )在出现牙弓间横向关系不调的患者中 ,双侧后牙反者为 6 0 %。 (3)正畸治疗后上颌牙弓的尖牙、第一、第二双尖牙间各自的宽度均有显著增加 ,第一磨牙间宽度变化不显著。上颌第一、第二双尖牙间各自宽度较尖牙间、第一磨牙间宽度增加显著。结论 :单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者上颌宽度的发育受到明显的限制 ,牙弓间横向关系不协调的比率较高 ,以双尖牙区为主 ;正畸矫治扩弓的重点应在双尖牙区。     

单侧完全性唇腭裂术后牙弓问横向关系的不调及正畸矫治后变化的探讨

目的 探讨单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者上下颌牙弓间横向关系以及正畸治疗对上颌牙弓的影响。方法 对84名单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者的错(牙合)畸形和上下颌颌间关系进行研究;并对36名唇腭裂术后患者进行正畸治疗前后的牙(牙合)模型进行测量分析上颌牙弓宽度的变化。结果 (1)单侧完全性唇腭裂术后60.7％的患者出现牙弓间横向关系的不协调,双尖牙区较易受累。(2)在出现牙弓间横向关系不调的患者中,双侧后牙反(牙合)者为60％。(3)正畸治疗后上颌牙弓的尖牙、第一、第二双尖牙间各自的宽度均有显著增加,第一磨牙间宽度变化不显著。上颌第一、第二双尖牙间各自宽度较尖牙间、第一磨牙间宽度增加显著。结论 单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者上颌宽度的发育受到明显的限制,牙弓间横向关系不协调的比率较高,以双尖牙区为主;正畸矫治扩弓的重点应在双尖牙区。     

双侧完全性唇腭裂术后牙弓宽度的研究

目的探讨双侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者上下颌牙弓宽度关系及牙弓形态特征.方法唇腭裂组为23名第二恒磨牙已萌出的已经完成唇腭裂修复的双侧完全性唇腭裂患者,均为男性;选择23名年龄与唇腭裂组患者相匹配的第二恒磨牙均已萌出的正常(牙合)人作为对照组;制作牙(牙合)模型、记录颌间关系、游标卡尺测量牙弓各部位宽度并计算牙弓各段宽度与第二磨牙间宽度比,统计分析为两样本T检验.结果 (1)52.1%(12人)的患者存在后牙段的反(牙合),另外13.2%(3人)的患者宽度的不调累及双尖牙段及以前的牙弓.(2)双侧完全性唇腭裂患者上颌除第二磨牙外各段间牙弓宽度,均小于正常(牙合)人,差异有显著性;(3)上颌牙弓除第一磨牙远中尖外,其余各段宽度与第二磨牙的宽度比均显著减小,差异显著.(4)双侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者下颌牙弓各段宽度正常.结论双侧完全性唇腭裂手术修复后上颌牙弓发育受到明显影响,牙弓缩窄明显并以尖牙双尖牙区显著,后牙反(牙合)发生率较高;上颌牙弓从后向前渐进缩窄,牙弓呈尖型.     

单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者牙弓间宽度不调的矫治

目的　通过对单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者上下颌间牙弓宽度不调的研究及对患者正畸治疗的临床观察 ,总结该类患者正畸治疗的特点。方法　对 4 8例单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者进行临床检查 ,记录其上下牙弓间的宽度关系 ;根据患者错情况制定不同的治疗方案进行临床治疗。结果　 (1)单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者中出现上下颌牙弓宽度不调的比率为 6 0 .4 % ,双侧后牙反为 33.3% ,单侧后牙反为 16 .7%。男女之间差异无显著性。 (2 )宽度不调以双尖牙区为重 ,上尖牙区是扩弓治疗的重点。 (3)磨牙区牙弓宽度的不协调常较轻微 ,一些患者甚至上颌最后磨牙区略宽 ,对 5例患者 (占 10 4 % )进行了上颌磨牙的腭向移动。结论　单侧完全性唇腭裂患者正畸治疗中上颌多需扩弓 ,且扩弓潜力较大。对于严重拥挤的患者 ,拔牙决定应在扩弓后作出。扩弓治疗应在牙槽突植骨前进行 ,扩弓后需延长保持时间     

安氏Ⅰ类边缘型牙列拥挤非拔牙快速扩弓矫治的临床疗效研究

目的研究安氏Ⅰ类边缘型牙列拥挤病例非拔牙快速扩弓矫治的牙弓参数变化,探讨其临床疗效.方法对9例安氏Ⅰ类边缘型牙列拥挤病例采用上颌快速扩弓配合上下固定矫治技术进行非拔牙正畸治疗,分别在T1(正畸治疗前)、T2(快速扩弓三个月后)和T3(正畸治疗结束进入固定保持期)三个时间点结合模型分析对牙弓参数进行分析.结果上颌第一磨牙、第一双尖牙和尖牙间宽度在T1、T2和T3相互之间均有显著性差异.下颌第一磨牙间宽度(T1-T2,T1-T3)和下颌尖牙间宽度(T1-T2)有显著性增加.上颌牙弓周径、上颌第一磨牙及第一双尖牙颊倾度有显著性增加(T1-T2),但有少量复发(T2-T3).下颌牙弓周径、下颌第一磨牙和第一双尖牙颊倾度随治疗均有显著性增加.结论快速扩弓能够通过改变上颌牙弓宽度增加其牙弓周径,下颌舌弓配合固定矫治也能显著增加下颌牙弓周径.因此可以较好地解决边缘型牙列拥挤中牙量/骨量不调问题,并有利于建立良好的咬合关系和疗效的稳定.     

单侧完全性唇腭裂患者磁力扩弓后牙弓宽度的稳定性研究

目的:研究磁力扩弓正畸治疗唇腭裂患者错牙合畸形的临床疗效和稳定性。方法:选择32例恒牙晚期单侧完全性唇腭裂患者,进行磁力扩弓和固定矫治。制取患者治疗前、后和保持2年后的数字化模型,拍摄治疗前、后及保持2年后锥形束CT。对上颌各段牙弓宽度、基骨弓宽度和牙根长度进行测量。结果:磁力扩弓后,上颌各段牙弓宽度以及上颌基骨宽度均有显著增加(P<0.05),其中第一磨牙间的牙弓宽度增加最显著(P<0.01);保持2年后牙弓宽度无明显变化(P>0.05)。扩弓后上颌第一前磨牙的颊根长度变化具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:磁力扩弓和固定矫治相结合,可以较好地扩大唇腭裂患者的上颌牙弓宽度,获得尖窝交错咬合关系和长期稳定性。     

唇腭裂患者牙槽突裂植骨术前使用半固定式四眼圈簧扩大上牙弓的正畸治疗

目的探讨半固定式四眼圈簧矫治器对伴有上牙弓狭窄的唇腭裂患者的扩弓效果。方法选择15例需行牙槽突裂植骨术的唇腭裂患者,术前正畸治疗先采用半固定式四眼圈簧矫治器扩大上牙弓,测量扩弓前、中、后的上颌左右尖牙、第一前磨牙、第一磨牙间宽度的变化。结果经过半固定式四眼圈簧矫治器扩弓治疗的患者,均在5个月左右的时间内有效地扩大了上牙弓。正畸治疗后上牙弓扩大,牙齿排列基本整齐,为牙槽突裂植骨术提供了良好的条件。结论半固定式四眼圈簧矫治器可有效扩大唇腭裂患者的上牙弓,同时配合固定正畸治疗,疗效确切,使用方便。     

自锁托槽对唇腭裂腭扩展短期效果的研究

目的：探讨自锁托槽对单侧完全性唇腭裂患者上颌腭扩展的短期治疗效果。方法选取5例恒牙期单侧完全性唇腭裂（UCLP）患者,未行牙槽突裂骨移植手术,上颌牙齿粘贴自锁托槽（AO, Time2）,放置高弹性镍钛弓丝,采集患者治疗前和腭扩展6~17个月后的牙颌模型、头颅定位后前位片进行测量,分析上颌腭扩展前后患者的牙弓、牙槽骨、腭穹窿以及颌骨的形态变化。结果牙颌模型测量结果提示：第一前磨牙区牙弓宽度明显增大,其次为尖牙区牙弓宽度,第一磨牙区牙弓宽度增加最少,第二磨牙区宽度减小。牙弓长度变化不明显。第一磨牙近中颊向扭转。腭部宽度增加,深度减小。头影测量结果提示：鼻腔宽度、上颌基骨宽度和上颌磨牙宽度稍有增加。结论唇腭裂自锁托槽腭扩展后上颌牙颌形态在横向宽度的变化较矢状向的变化明显。短期腭扩展治疗效果以牙齿移动和牙槽改建为主。     

MBT矫治前后牙弓宽度变化的模型分析研究

目的 分析牙列拥挤患者不拔牙与拔牙的MBT矫治对牙弓宽度变化的影响。方法 选择我院正畸科2008—2011年MBT矫治器治疗的牙列拥挤患者40例。其中轻中度牙列拥挤患者20例,使用MBT矫治器进行不拔牙正畸;中重度牙列拥挤患者20例,使用MBT矫治器进行拔除4颗第一前磨牙的拔牙正畸。测量术前术后石膏模型的牙弓宽度,对矫治前后不拔牙组和拔牙组的测量数据分别进行组内、组间统计学分析。结果 矫治前后不拔牙组:上颌尖牙间宽度增大,上下颌第一前磨牙、第一磨牙间宽度增大,有统计学意义;拔牙组:上颌尖牙间宽度增大,上下颌第二前磨牙、第一磨牙间宽度变小,有统计学意义。矫治前2组上下颌尖牙、第一磨牙间牙弓宽度相近,无统计学差异;矫治后不拔牙组上下颌第一磨牙间牙弓宽度大于拔牙组,有统计学意义,2组上下颌尖牙间牙弓宽度相近,差异无统计学意义。结论 不拔牙矫治牙弓宽度变化与拥挤部位、拥挤程度有关,拔牙矫治牙弓宽度变化主要与牙齿移动方向有关。拔牙矫治后尖牙间宽度不会减小。     

快速上颌扩大后下颌牙弓、基骨弓宽度变化的研究

本文的目的是通过研究上颌快速扩弓后，下颌尖牙、第一双尖牙、第一恒磨牙牙弓、基骨弓宽度变化的影响。结果仅第一双尖牙、第一恒磨牙牙弓间宽度增加，平均增加分别为１．０５ｍｍ、１．９４ｍｍ，差异具有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示出快速上颌扩大术是双牙弓狭窄错患者的适应症。其它下颌尖牙弓与基骨间以及下第一双尖牙、第一恒磨牙基骨弓间宽度无变化。     

The influence of early orthodontic treatment on the growth of craniofacial complex in deciduous occlusion of unilateral cleft lip and palate patients

This study evaluates dental occlusion and dental arch parameters of 5-6 year old children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) treated and untreated orthodonticly before lip plastic with noncleft children. The aim of the study was to verify whether early orthodontic treatment improves deciduous dental arch relationship of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate.135 casts of 5-6 year old children from Riga and Vilnius were evaluated. 90 casts from children with UCLP (45 - got early orthodontic treatment, 45 - without early orthodontic treatment) and 45 casts from noncleft children. All patients with UCLP had surgically closed lip and palate; five-Year-Olds, Index was used to assess dental arch relationship of UCLP patients. Measurements of dental arch length, canine and molar arch width was taken similar to Bland and Altman method. Statistical analysis: the difference of the mean values was tested using t-test between and within groups: UCLP-1 (without early orthodontics), UCLP-2 (treated orthodonticaly before lip plastic) and control group - noncleft children). Measurements were performed by two calibrated orthodontists, mean error was calculated according to the Dalberg method. Measurement error was less than 1 mm. Measurements showed that the occlusion parameters and transverse distance between deciduous molars of UCLP-1 group differed from the occlusion of UCLP-2. Children who had got early orthodontics showed better growth of the maxillae. More cases with positive overjet and meziodistal or distal deciduous molar relationship had treated with early orthodontics. Maxillary width between deciduous molars was statistically significant wider in children with UCLP who had early orthodontic treatment comparing with untreated children. Growth of mandible was not inhibited and did not differ treated and untreated children with UCLP and control group.     

The effects of palatoplasty and pre-surgical infant orthopedic treatment on occlusion in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-surgical infant orthopedic treatment (Hotz plate) and type of palatoplasty on the dental arch relationship and the dental arch morphology of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients.Materials and methodsSeventy-four children with UCLP were divided into three groups. One group had undergone one-stage palatoplasty without Hotz plate (OSP w/o H), the second had undergone one-stage palatoplasty with Hotz plate (OSP w/H), and the third had undergone two-stage palatoplasty with Hotz plate (TSP w/H). We evaluated the dental models which were taken during initial examination at our orthodontic clinic, using the Goslon Yardstick, the 5-year-old index, and dental model analysis.ResultsRegarding both indices, there were no significant differences among the three groups. However, the dental arch width between maxillary deciduous canines in OSP w/H and TSP w/H was significantly greater than that of OSP w/o H. The dental arch width at the maxillary deciduous second molars in TSP w/H was significantly greater than in OSP w/H and OSP w/o H.ConclusionDental arch relationship in UCLP patients was not influenced by the type of palatoplasty and the use of pre-surgical infant orthopedic treatment. Our results suggest that pre-surgical infant orthopedic treatment results in the increase of anterior dental width, whereas two-stage palatoplasty is significantly effective for increasing posterior dental width in UCLP patients.     

Palate height: another indicator of surgical outcome in unilateral cleft lip and palate?

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether palate height and maxillary arch depth are systematically related to the surgical center at which primary repair in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) was carried out. DESIGN: A retrospective comparison based on study casts of consecutive cases of UCLP obtained at age 9 years from six different centers. The observer who conducted measurements was blinded to the source of individual records. SETTING: The patients whose records were analyzed received all their surgical care in a national health service setting in six different northern European centers and regions. PATIENTS: Patients were consecutively treated Caucasian children with non-syndromic complete UCLP born in the period 1976 to 1979. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures for the original study were craniofacial form, dental arch relationships, nasolabial appearance, and speech. This report focuses on measurements of anterior maxillary arch depth and palate height. Results: Anterior arch depth and anterior palate height showed some variation among the centers. There was a tendency for anterior arch depth and palate height to also be reduced at centers at which patients showed unfavorable dental arch relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior arch depth and palate height might be considered in future studies of surgical outcome and in their possible relationship to problems of articulation.     

Photographs of study casts: an alternative medium for rating dental arch relationships in unilateral cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reliability of using photographs of study casts as an alternative to casts for rating dental arch relationships. DESIGN: Repeated-measures study. SETTING: Cleft Palate Center of the University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. PATIENTS: Records of children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) (n = 49) at the age of 9 years were included. MEAN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Statistics of intra- and interexaminer agreement. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the rating of dental casts and photographs of dental casts, using the Goslon Yardstick. CONCLUSIONS: Photographs of dental casts provide a consistent, reproducible method for rating dental arch relationships in patients with UCLP at the age of 9 years and provide a reliable alternative to the application of the Goslon Yardstick on dental casts.     

单侧完全性唇腭裂上下牙弓关系评价研究

目的　评价单侧完全性唇腭裂（UCLP）患者上、下颌牙弓关系的协调性,并与亚洲和欧洲几大著名唇腭裂治疗中心的研究结果进行比较,为唇腭裂继发牙牙合畸形的诊断、矫治设计和序列治疗提供依据。方法　回顾性分析2013年3月至2014年3月于青岛大学附属医院口腔正畸科就诊的52例UCLP患者治疗前的记存模型,按照Goslon Yardstick 评价系统和Eurocleft三分类法进行牙弓协调性评价。与中国台湾长庚医院、日本东京大学医院及欧洲6所唇腭裂治疗中心（A～F）的同类研究结果相比较,并进行统计学分析。结果　本中心UCLP患者Goslon Yardstick平均等级为3.75 ± 0.93,Goslon Yardstick等级为4的患者最多,占36.5%,59.6%患者属于差及较差的等级。与台湾长庚医院、东京大学医院及欧洲唇腭裂D治疗中心的结果相接近（P＞0.05）,比其他5所欧洲唇腭裂治疗中心患者的牙弓协调性差（P＜0.05）。结论　UCLP患者上、下牙弓协调性差。青岛大学附属医院接受正畸治疗的UCLP患者,上下牙弓协调性与台湾长庚医院、东京大学医院、欧洲唇腭裂D治疗中心接近,比其他5所欧洲唇腭裂治疗中心牙弓协调性差。     

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??Objective    To evaluate the dental arch relationship of patients with unilateral complete cleft lip palate??UCLP??by comparing them with previous study and to provide theoretical basis on diagnosis??treatment plan design and team approach for patients with UCLP. Methods??Totally 52 UCLP patients treated in the Department of Orthodontics in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University during March 2013 to March 2014 were selected. The dental models of UCLP patients were categorized using Great Ormond Street??London and Oslo Yardstick??Goslon Yardstick??index. Compare the results with the Goslon Yardstick scores of Chang Gung Craniofacial Center??Hospital of Tokyo University and 6 Eurocleft centers reported in previous studies and make statistical analysis. Results??Mean Goslon Yardstick score of UCLP treated in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University was 3.75±0.93??36.5% patients had a Goslon Score of 4??and 59.6% patients were classified into poor and very poor categories. The results of our center showed significant differences from those of Eurocleft centers A??B??C??E and F??P < 0.05????but did not differ significantly from those of Eurocleft center D??Chang Gung center or Hospital of Tokyo University??P > 0.05??. Conclusion??Dental arch relationship in patients with UCLP in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University is poor??which is similar to that in Chang Gung Craniofacial Center??Hospital of Tokyo University and Eurocleft center D??but is poorer than the other fove Eurocleft centers.     

Retrospective evaluation of treatment outcome in Japanese children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Part 1: Five-year-olds' index for dental arch relationships.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dental arch relationships of Japanese children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and to examine the 5-year-olds' index for its validity. DESIGN: Retrospective study and comparison with previous reports. SUBJECTS: One hundred thirty-six children with complete UCLP who received primary cheiloplasty and palatoplasty in the Kyushu University Hospital from 1966 to 1999. MATERIALS: Dental models taken from children 53 to 67 months of age and their cephalograms. Methods: Study models were assessed using five scores; 1=excellent, 2=good, 3=fair, 4=poor, and 5=very poor, in accordance with the 5-year-olds' index and also evaluated using Huddart and Bodenham's numerical classification. Dental arch widths, three-dimensional maxillary dental arch form, and lateral cephalograms were traced and measured. The outcome by 5-year-olds' index was compared with Huddart and Bodenham's numerical classification, dental arch dimensions, and cephalometric measurements. RESULTS: Occlusal outcome evaluated by the 5-year-olds' index was rated 2.95, which was classified as fair. This index rating showed a significant relationship with numerical classification and dental arch length, but not with dental arch width. The index showed a relationship with mandibular form and position, but not with maxillary position. CONCLUSION: The occlusal outcome of the cases with UCLP was fair as evaluated using the 5-year-olds' index. The index evaluates the anteroposterior relationship of maxillary/mandibular dental arches but does not evaluate the collapse of maxillary segments.     

The Eurocleft study: intercenter study of treatment outcome in patients with complete cleft lip and palate. Part 3: dental arch relationships.

OBJECTIVE: To compare dental arch relationships up to age 17 in individuals with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) treated at five European centers. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study, where results were previously reported at 9 years and follow-up measurements were obtained for 12 and 17 years. SETTING: Multidisciplinary cleft services in Northern Europe. SUBJECTS: 127 consecutively treated individuals with repaired UCLP. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Panel rating of dental arch relationship. RESULTS: The results revealed that at 17 years of age three of the centers had better ratings in dental arch relationship (means scores: 1.7, 1.9, and 2.2, respectively) than the other two centers (3.3, 3.4) at statistically significant levels ( p < .01 to p < .001). CONCLUSION: The results confirm that systematic differences in dental arch relationships may occur between different cleft centers, but do not allow specific causal factors to be identified.