玻璃体替代物的研究进展

复杂的玻璃体视网膜手术中,常常需要玻璃体替代物支撑玻璃体腔、维持眼内压.气体、膨胀气体、全氟化碳液体、硅油是现代玻璃体视网膜手术中常用的玻璃体替代物,胶原、透明质酸、水凝胶等被尝试用作长期的玻璃体替代物.理想的人工玻璃体一直是研究的热点.本文就目前应用的以及仍处于实验阶段的玻璃体替代物进行综述,根据其功能、构成及特性进行分类,并讨论它们的临床应用及优缺点,同时定义理想人工玻璃体的标准.     

玻璃体替代物在玻璃体视网膜手术中的应用进展

玻璃体手术是治疗视网膜脱离的重要手术方式之一,玻璃体替代物的产生和发展扩大了玻璃体视网膜手术的适应证并提高了手术疗效.目前临床应用的玻璃体替代物有膨胀气体、硅油、重硅油、全氟化碳液体、半氟化物等.本文就玻璃体替代物的理化性质、实验室研究,临床应用等做一综述.     

玻璃体切除治疗玻璃体视网膜疾病临床观察

目的 探讨玻璃体切除手术治疗玻璃体视网膜疾病的临床疗效.方法 对30例(31眼)玻璃体视网膜疾病施行玻璃体切除手术,根据病情术中或联合晶状体切除、剥膜、视网膜激光光凝、硅油或C3F8填充、巩膜外冷凝、玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德,术后观察视力、眼压、前房炎症反应、视网膜复位、裂孔封闭、玻璃体视网膜出血情况.结果 术后随访3 ～18个月,平均(10±2.3)个月.术后视力有不同程度提高,与术前相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后眼压升高者3眼(9.68％),前房均不同程度炎症反应,应用药物治疗恢复正常;医源性视网膜裂孔2眼(6.45％).术前15眼视网膜脱离在术后视网膜解剖复位成功、视网膜裂孔封闭、黄斑裂孔闭合,玻璃体视网膜未发生严重出血.结论 玻璃体切除手术治疗玻璃体视网膜疾病效果肯定,能够改善视功能.     

玻璃体视网膜界面疾病

玻璃体视网膜交界面的状态与许多临床疾病有紧密联系；诱导完全性的玻璃体后脱离对许多疾病的发生、治疗以及预后起重要作用，可以减少玻璃体切割手术中对视网膜的损伤。本研究就玻璃体视网膜疾病以及诱导完全性玻璃体后脱离的方法做一综述。     

曲安奈德辅助玻璃体切除取出眼内异物的疗效观察

目的观察和分析曲安奈德辅助玻璃体切除取出眼内异物的临床疗效。方法选择伴有视网膜损伤且行玻璃体手术的眼内异物伤患者23例(23只眼),玻璃体切除手术中辅助应用曲安奈德染色玻璃体。结合高负压人工玻璃体后脱离法,尽可能切除全玻璃体,同时处理损伤的视网膜,必要时眼内填充C3F8或硅油。结果所有患者异物均一次性取出,15例成功实施玻璃体后脱离,术后视网膜脱离3例。结论玻璃体切除治疗眼内异物伤,术中辅助应用曲安奈德染色,有利于充分切除玻璃体,降低术后视网膜脱离的发生率。     

玻璃体替代物及其临床应用

随着眼科技术的发展,玻璃体替代物的研究对改善玻璃体-视网膜疾病的治疗和预后,改进视网膜手术和玻璃体手术技术的意义越来越重要。由于玻璃体在结构功能、凝胶特性、及临床上具有的特殊性,玻璃体替代物的研究必须考虑到这些特点。从结构和功能上看:玻璃体是一种特殊的粘液性结缔组织结构,正常情况下为半固体,具有凝胶的物理特性。在胚胎阶段对眼球的发育和生长有肯定的作用,出生后保持玻璃体腔的透明性,使光线能达到视网膜,也使营养物从睫状体弥散到视网膜内。玻璃体凝胶具有粘弹性,能为视网     

保留晶状体前囊的玻璃体晶状体切除术临床观察

【摘要】目的观察保留完整晶状体前囊的方法在晶状体切除联合玻璃体切除手术的临床效果。方法对伴有晶状体浑浊的玻璃体视网膜疾病68例（68眼）进行观察分析。做常规平坦部三通道玻璃体切除及晶状体切除术,玻切头从后方切除中央部晶状体后囊、晶状体核及皮质,保留周边部晶状体后囊及完整的晶状体前囊,然后进行玻璃体切除、视网膜复位等手术操作。结果术后随访12个月,本组68例中66例（97．06％）视网膜复位良好,视网膜脱离未复发;2例（2．94％）视网膜脱离复发经再次硅油填充后视网膜复位。术后6个月后行二期人工晶状体植入术。结论保留完整晶状体前囊的晶状体切除联合玻璃体切除术治疗伴晶状体浑浊的玻璃体视网膜疾病是一种缩短手术时间和减少并发症的安全而有效的手术方式。     

玻璃体手术治疗外伤性视网膜脱离

目的 观察玻璃体视网膜手术治疗外伤性视网膜脱离的疗效。方法 应用玻璃体视网膜手术结合视网膜切开治疗了２７例外伤性视网膜脱离。结果 术后视力在０．０１以上者１６例占５９．３％，随访６￣２４月，平均１７．４月，视网膜复位率为７４％。结论 尽管外伤性视网膜脱离的手术疗效不理想，但经过初期创伤缝合和二期玻璃体视网膜手术，多数眼能重建眼球并部分恢复视力。     

辅助性药物诱导玻璃体后脱离的研究进展

玻璃体视网膜交界面的状态与许多玻璃体视网膜疾病的发生发展密切相关.近年来研究表明,玻璃体切割术前应用药物可使玻璃体液化或使许多增生性玻璃体视网膜疾病玻璃体内的纤维增生膜溶解,解除玻璃体后皮质与视网膜内界膜之间的粘连,形成完全性玻璃体后脱离,不但有利于手术的进行而且有利于玻璃体视网膜疾病的治疗和视力的恢复.本文对目前药物诱导玻璃体后脱离的组织结构、药物的作用机制及其在临床和实验研究方面的进展作简要综述.     

玻璃体切除术治疗视网膜脱离的术前护理216例分析

0引言视网膜脱离是指视网膜神经上皮与色素上皮分离,根据不同的发病原因可分为孔源性视网膜脱离、牵拉性视网膜脱离以及渗出性视网膜脱离。临床上以孔源性视网膜脱离多见。随着玻璃体切除技术的发展,视网膜脱离手术的成功率有了很大提高。玻璃体手术主要是在球后浸润麻醉下,采用玻璃体切除仪切除玻璃体,光凝封闭裂孔,惰性气体或硅油玻璃体腔内充填的手术方式,使视网膜复位,恢复视力。玻璃体手术治疗过程复杂,术后并发症多,随着这一技术普及,手术前的护理变得尤为重要,正确、周到、细致的术前护理对减少术后并发症,提高手术成功率有着重要的作用。总结我院2008-01/2009-01216例视网膜脱离行玻璃体切除术的术前护理,     

玻璃体切割术后糖尿病黄斑水肿治疗新进展

糖尿病黄斑水肿(DME)是糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)常见的并发症,而DR患者常因玻璃体积血和视网膜脱离等并发症需要行玻璃体切割术,术后DME的治疗方案随着玻璃体内替代物和药物动力学的改变发生变化,目前该病主要的治疗方案有抗血管内皮生长因子药物、糖皮质激素和阈值下微脉冲激光等。本文就玻璃体切割术后DME的治疗进展进行综述。     

Vitrectomy for vitreous bleeding and tractional retinal detachment in a case of Evans syndrome

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of vitrectomy to treat Evans syndrome with vitreous bleeding followed by tractional retinal detachment. CASE: Vitrectomy was performed on a 21-year-old man with Evans syndrome who developed tractional retinal detachment in the left eye after experiencing vitreous bleeding and tissue proliferation related to the bleeding. OBSERVATIONS: After the proliferative tissue was removed and tractional retinal detachment corrected, the patient's visual acuity improved from 6/20 to 10/20. A small amount of residual proliferative tissue remained after the vitrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Vitrectomy may be beneficial in patients with serious vitreous complications induced by hematological diseases such as Evans syndrome.     

Retinal detachment rate after vitrectomy for retained lens material after phacoemulsification

PURPOSE: To report the rate of retinal detachment after vitrectomy for retained intravitreal lens material after phacoemulsification using specific vitrectomy techniques designed to minimize retinal detachment. DESIGN: Consecutive, interventional case series. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 100 consecutive eyes (one surgeon) of 100 patients undergoing vitrectomy for retained lens material after phacoemulsification and followed up for 3 months or longer unless an outcome event had occurred. Vitrectomy techniques employed to minimize the frequency of retinal detachment included inducing posterior vitreous detachment with maximal vitreous removal before phacofragmentation to avoid vitreous trauma, lens fragment debulking before fragmentation, use of low energy with high aspiration during removal of retained lens material, and intraoperative indirect ophthalmoscopic evaluation of the retinal periphery with scleral indentation to diagnose and treat intraoperative retinal breaks. The main outcome measures included prevalence of coexisting retinal detachment in eyes with retained lens material, incidence of retinal detachment or retinal breaks after vitrectomy for removal of retained lens material, and final visual acuity. RESULTS: The prevalence of previtrectomy retinal detachment was 4%; the incidence of postvitrectomy retinal detachment was 4%; the final visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 53%. One patient had a retinal break recognized during vitrectomy and was treated with retinocryopexy, but postoperative retinal detachment developed from a separate break. Three others were treated during vitrectomy for retinal breaks (including two with known preexisting breaks) and did not have any retinal detachment. Poor previtrectomy visual acuity (hand motions) was a risk factor for postvitrectomy retinal detachment. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of retinal detachment reported after vitrectomy for retained lens material after phacoemulsification can be minimized to approximately the rate expected with cataract extraction complicated by vitreous loss by employing standard surgical techniques. Higher risk eyes may benefit from more frequent postvitrectomy examinations.     

折叠式人工玻璃体球囊植入在玻璃体视网膜疾病治疗中的应用

目的　探讨折叠式人工玻璃体球囊(foldable capsular vitreous body，FCVB)治疗玻璃体视网膜疾病的临床效果。方法　回顾性分析2017年9月至2019年1月行玻璃体切割联合FCBV植入术的43例（43眼）患者的临床资料。术后随访6个月，观察术后视力、眼压、视网膜复位情况和FCBV状态。结果　术后6个月，43例视力无明显变化，手术前后差异无统计学意义（P=1.000）。术后6个月，4例眼压降低，39例眼压正常，手术前后差异有统计学意义（P=0.002）。眼底照相、B超、OCT检查结果显示:所有患者视网膜复位良好，FCVB在玻璃体内均匀地支撑视网膜。双眼外观对称，眼球活动正常。随访期末1例眼球轻微萎缩、1例出现角膜血管化，经治疗后情况好转。结论　在患者6个月的植入期内，FCVB是安全、有效的玻璃体替代物，可以维持眼球形态和稳定眼压。     

儿童眼内炎玻璃体切割术后视网膜脱离的临床研究

目的 探讨儿童眼内炎玻璃体切割(玻切)术后视网膜脱离的临床特点,并分析其影响因素和预后,为临床防治提供指导.方法 回顾分析2002年1月至2007年12月我院114例儿童眼内炎患者行玻切术后视网膜脱离33例33只眼的的临床资料.并根据眼内炎玻切术式不同分为4组,Ⅰ组(巩膜外环扎+玻切+曲安奈德注射+眼内光凝+硅油填充)19只眼,Ⅱ组(巩膜外环扎+玻切+眼内光凝+硅油填充)23只眼,Ⅲ组(巩膜外环扎+玻切+硅油填充)37只眼,Ⅳ组(玻切+巩膜外环扎)35只眼.视网膜脱离复位术后随访≥16月.结果 儿童眼内炎玻切术后视网膜脱离的总发生率为28.95%.各组发生率依次为:10.53%,26.09%,29.73%,40.00%.经χ2分割法检验,Ⅰ组与Ⅳ组,Ⅱ组与Ⅳ组,Ⅲ组与Ⅳ组,Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组,Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组术后视网膜脱离发生率均有统计学意义(P<0.05),Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组术后视网膜脱离发生率无统计学意义(P>0.05).除4只眼放弃治疗外,所有病例炎症得到控制、视网膜复位.结论 儿童眼内炎因其自身特点,玻璃体切割联合巩膜外环扎、曲安奈德注射、眼内光凝、硅油填充术可有效预防眼内炎术后视网膜脱离的发生.     

玻璃体切割术联合巩膜扣带治疗复杂性视网膜脱离

目的:探讨玻璃体切割术联合巩膜扣带治疗复杂性视网膜脱离的疗效。方法:采用玻璃体切割术联合巩膜扣带治疗复杂性视网膜脱离27例,分别为脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离、病理性近视性视网膜脱离、玻璃体积血并视网膜脱离、增生性玻璃体视网膜病变、玻璃体切割术后视网膜脱离复发、硅油眼视网膜脱离复发。结果:一次手术复位24例,复位率89%。主要并发症有高眼压。结论:玻璃体切割术联合巩膜扣带是治疗复杂视网膜脱离的有效方法。     

A scleral buckle intrusion 19 years after its use in retinal detachment surgery

CASE REPORT: Intrusion is defined as erosion and protrusion of the scleral implant into the vitreous cavity. This condition may occur as a retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, endophthalmitis or be without symptoms. We performed a vitrectomy alone in a patient with relapsing vitreous hemorrhage secondary to the intrusion of a scleral buckle implanted 19 years previously and left intact the intruding buckle. DISCUSSION: Intrusion of the scleral buckle is an uncommon complication of retinal detachment surgery. We discuss the management of scleral buckle intrusion.     

闭合式玻璃体切除术472例分析

本文总结了４７２例４９１眼玻璃体除术的疗效，临床上分为６组，外伤性玻璃体浑浊机化，外伤性玻璃浑浊机化合并视网膜玻璃，眼内异物合并玻璃体混浊机化，眼内异物合并玻璃体浑浊及视网膜脱离，眼内炎及视网膜血管病所致的玻璃体浑浊机化，４９１眼中有３４７眼进行了联合手术，本文对各组的视力结果，手术时机，手术并发症，外伤性视网膜脱离的特点及预后作了分析讨论。     

Vitreous substitutes: a comprehensive review

Vitreoretinal disorders constitute a significant portion of treatable ocular disease. Advances in vitreoretinal surgery have included the development and characterization of suitable substitutes for the vitreous. Air, balanced salt solutions, perfluorocarbons, expansile gases, and silicone oil serve integral roles in modern vitreoretinal surgery. Vitreous substitutes vary widely in their properties, serve different clinical functions, and present different shortcomings. Permanent vitreous replacement has been attempted with collagen, hyaluronic acid, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and natural hydrogel polymers. None, however, have proven to be clinically viable. A long-term vitreous substitute remains to be found, and recent research suggests promise in the area of synthetic polymers. Here we review the currently available vitreous substitutes, as well those in the experimental phase. We classify these compounds based on their functionality, composition, and properties. We also discuss the clinical use, advantages, and shortcomings of the various substitutes. In addition we define the ideal vitreous substitute and highlight the need for a permanent substitute with long-term viability and compatibility. Finally, we attempt to define the future role of biomaterials research and the various functions they may serve in the area of vitreous substitutes.     

Treatment of dislocated crystalline lens and retinal detachment with perfluorocarbon liquids.

Removal of a crystalline lens dislocated into the vitreous cavity can be hazardous, particularly in the presence of a retinal detachment. Hard pieces of nuclear material may be difficult to extract and may repeatedly fall onto the retina when emulsification is attempted in the vitreous cavity. Cases involving four eyes with dislocated crystalline lens and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, into which liquid perfluorocarbon was injected after vitrectomy to float the dislocated lens material off the retina and reattach the retina, are reported. The dislocated lens was removed while floating on the perfluorocarbon liquid, which also provided a cushion that prevented dropped fragments of lens from traumatizing the retina. In all four cases, surgery was not associated with complications and resulted in improvement in visual acuity and retinal reattachment.