太仓地区糖尿病足部感染患者病原菌分布及药敏和耐药性分析

目的 探究太仓地区糖尿病足部感染患者病原菌分布及药敏和耐药情况。方法 将70例糖尿病足部感染分泌物阳性患者纳入本次研究中,收取时间段在2013年8月至2022年3月,对患者病原菌分布、药敏、耐药性进行分析。结果 70例患者中,一共检出26种类细菌,均为革兰阳性菌感染33例（共计41株）,占比47.14%;均为革兰阴性菌感染26例（共29株）,占比37.14%;阳性菌与阴性菌混合感染11例（共计22株）,占比15.71%。在均是革兰阳性菌感染中以金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌最常见,药敏提示它们对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、利福平、莫西沙星敏感性高,对青霉素、红霉素、克林霉素、苯唑西林耐药;均为革兰阴性菌感染的菌株较多,大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌、奇异变形杆菌较多见,药敏提示对亚胺培南、氨曲南、环丙沙星、哌拉西林他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦敏感性高,少部分对头孢曲松、头孢呋辛耐药。阳性菌与阴性菌混合感染中,药敏提示它们对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、美罗培南、利福平、莫西沙星、哌拉西林舒巴坦敏感,对青霉素、红霉素、克林霉素、头孢呋辛、头孢曲松、头孢他啶、氨苄西林、环丙沙星、磺胺甲噁唑耐药,耐药率明显上升。结论 ...     

糖尿病足感染患者病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的分析糖尿病足患者感染常见病原菌分布及耐药情况,指导临床合理用药。方法回顾性调查分析我院收治的83例糖尿病足感染患者创面分泌物病原菌分离培养及其耐药状况。结果 83例糖尿病足感染患者70例培养出病原菌,占84%(70/83),13例未见细菌生长,占16%(13/83)。共培养出病原菌82株,其中革兰阳性菌42株(51%),以葡萄球菌属最为多见;革兰阴性菌39株(48%),其中以肠杆菌科细菌最为多见,真菌1株(1%)。革兰阳性菌中多重耐药菌株比例较高,占33%;革兰阴性菌中多重耐药菌株较少,占10%。革兰阳性菌对万古霉素、利奈唑烷、氯霉素、利福平、庆大霉素、四环素类抗菌药较敏感,对青霉素、红霉素、克林霉素有一定的耐药性。革兰阴性菌对亚胺培南、氨基糖苷类、β-内酰胺酶及第2、3代头孢菌素类较敏感,对青霉素及第1代头孢菌素类耐药性高。结论糖尿病足患者感染病原菌分布广泛,应及时多次对糖尿病足感染进行创面细菌培养及药物敏感性试验,及时调整抗菌药物,减少耐药菌的产生,以利于促进创面早期愈合,降低糖尿病足截肢(趾)率。     

糖尿病足溃疡的病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的探讨糖尿病足溃疡的病原菌感染分布及耐药性。方法对79例糖尿病足患者创面分泌物进行病原菌培养和药敏试验结果分析。结果 79例患者分泌物标本中有65例培养出病原体101株,其中革兰阳性球菌32株(31.7%),革兰阴性杆菌66株(65.3%),真菌2株(2.0%),革兰阳性杆菌1株(1.0%);革兰阳性球菌对万古霉素、利奈唑胺均敏感,革兰阴性杆菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南均敏感,对加β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的抗菌药物敏感性高。结论糖尿病足溃疡的病原菌感染以革兰阴性杆菌为主,多重感染病例较多,应加强耐药性监测,指导临床医生合理使用抗菌药物。     

89例糖尿病患者并发足感染的病原菌分布与耐药性分析

目的：分析医院糖尿病足感染（diabetes foot infection,DFI）患者病原学特点与耐药情况,为临床此类患者合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。方法：选取2019年1月—2022年4月吉水县人民医院内分泌收治的DFI患者89例临床资料,统计其患者足感染周围分泌物的病原菌培养及药敏试验结果,分析其感染病原菌的分布以及主要革兰阴性菌和革兰阳性菌的耐药特点。结果：89例DFI患者足感染周围分泌物中,培养分离出102株病原菌,其中62株（占60.78%）为革兰阴性菌（以大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌为主）、34株（占33.33%）革兰阳性菌（以金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和肠球菌属为主）和6株（占5.89%）真菌（以白假丝酵母为主）;药敏结果显示主要革兰阴性菌对氨苄西林、头孢他啶、头孢唑林、头孢曲松的耐药率较高,对阿米卡星、头孢哌酮-舒巴坦钠的耐药率较低,对亚胺培南、美罗培南尚未产生耐药;主要革兰阳性菌对青霉素、红霉素、四环素的耐药率较高,对万古霉素、利奈唑胺尚未产生耐药。结论：DFI患者病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,其病原菌耐药情况较为严重,临床应依据药敏结果选用敏感率高的抗菌...     

2012—2015年1380株肝移植术后感染病原菌的分布及耐药性分析

目的了解江苏省人民医院肝移植术后感染病原菌的分布及耐药性,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法对2012年1月—2015年1月江苏省人民医院肝移植术后感染病原菌的分布及耐药性进行统计分析。结果共分离出病原菌1 380株,主要来源于痰液标本。病原菌分布以革兰阴性菌为主,占69.57%,革兰阳性菌和真菌分别占20.07%、10.36%;其中革兰阴性菌以鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌为主,革兰阳性菌以溶血葡萄球菌为主;革兰阴性菌对美罗培南、阿米卡星、亚胺培南较为敏感,耐药率均低于30%,对头孢曲松、氨曲南等的耐药率均较高;革兰阳性菌对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、替考拉宁较为敏感,耐药率均低于20%,对氨苄西林、诺氟沙星等耐药率均较高。结论肝移植术后感染病原菌的构成主要是鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和溶血葡萄球菌,临床选择抗菌药物时建议选用病原菌表现较低耐药性的美罗培南、阿米卡星、万古霉素、利奈唑胺等药物。     

我院2019—2021年泌尿系感染病原菌特点及耐药情况分析

目的 分析该院泌尿系感染病原菌特点及耐药情况,为临床用药提供依据。方法 收集该院检验科2019年1月至2021年12月尿培养阳性标本3 805例的临床资料,对标本进行分离培养及细菌药敏试验。结果 尿培养阳性标本总计检出病原菌3 988株,分离细菌3 242株（革兰阴性菌2 124株,革兰阳性菌1 118株）,真菌746株。革兰阴性菌以大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌为主,革兰阳性菌主要有粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌,真菌主要有白色假丝酵母菌、光滑假丝酵母菌。大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南、替加环素、厄他培南的敏感率在99%以上,对左旋氧氟沙星的耐药率较高;肺炎克雷伯菌对阿米卡星、替加环素的敏感率较高,对头孢呋辛、头孢呋辛酯的耐药率较高;粪肠球菌对呋喃妥因、万古霉素和替加环素的敏感率为100%,对四环素的耐药率较高;屎肠球菌对利奈唑胺、万古霉素及替加环素的敏感率为100%,对环丙沙星、左旋氧氟沙星和青霉素G的耐药率较高。结论 泌尿系感染的病原菌以革兰阴性菌较多,其中以大肠埃希菌最多,革兰阴性菌对亚胺培南、替加环素等的敏感率较高,革兰阳性菌对万古霉素、替加环素敏感率较高,根据药敏结果对用药方案进行调整,可降低细菌耐药...     

2016—2017年天津市宝坻区人民医院糖尿病足患者病原菌分布及药敏性分析

目的 探讨2016年1月—2017年12月天津市宝坻区人民医院糖尿病足患者感染病原菌的分布和耐药性情况,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法 选取天津市宝坻区人民医院2016—2017年糖尿病足患者139例,对其感染病原菌的分布及药敏结果进行回顾性分析。结果 共分离出病原菌145株,其中革兰阳性菌59株,构成比为40.69%,主要为金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌;革兰阴性菌86株,构成比为59.31%,主要为大肠埃希菌、阴沟肠杆菌、奇异变形杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌。革兰阳性菌对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、替加环素、莫西沙星、利福平、左氧氟沙星等较为敏感,革兰阴性菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、阿米卡星等较为敏感。结论 对于糖尿病足患者,特别是Wagner分级较高患者应及时开展溃疡分泌物的病原学检查与药敏试验,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。     

某教学医院肛肠疾病术后感染的病原菌特征及其耐药性分析

目的 了解肛肠疾病术后感染的病原菌分布和耐药性特征，为术后细菌性感染的诊断与治疗提供预防措施。方法 收集2016-2018年肛肠科手术患者的临床资料，分析肛肠疾病术后感染的病原菌分布特征和耐药性；应用SPSS 18.0软件进行数据分析。结果 在2714例肛肠疾病手术患者中，186例发生术后感染(6.85%)，其中痔疮92例、肛周脓肿57例、肛裂18例、肛瘘15例、肛乳头肥大3例和直肠息肉1例。从切口部位组织或分泌物中分离194株病原菌，其中革兰阴性菌121株(62.37%)，革兰阳性菌68株(35.05%)和真菌5株(2.58%)。不同肛肠疾病术后感染的病原菌种类和分离率存在较大差异。大肠埃希菌等革兰阴性菌对阿米卡星敏感，对头孢吡肟和氨苄西林/舒巴坦较敏感，对左氧氟沙星耐药率较低，对第一、二代头孢类菌素和第二代喹诺酮类抗菌药物均存在较高耐药性，但未发现亚胺培南耐药株。耐3种以上抗菌药物的革兰阴性菌47株，占革兰阴性菌38.8%。表皮葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌对利福平敏感；粪肠球菌对利福平和利奈唑胺较敏感；表皮葡萄球菌等革兰阳性菌对氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类和青霉素类抗菌药物均有较高的耐药性，但未发现万古霉素耐药株以及利奈唑胺耐药的表皮葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。耐3种以上抗菌药物的革兰阳性菌22株，占革兰阳性菌32.4%。 结论 肛肠疾病术后感染的病原菌主要为革兰阴性菌，临床应根据病原菌分布特征和耐药性分析，采取积极有效的针对性干预措施，降低肛肠疾病术后感染率和耐药菌的产生。     

我院儿童下呼吸道感染病原菌分布与药敏结果分析

目的:了解我院儿童下呼吸道感染病原菌分布及其药敏情况,以指导临床合理选用抗菌药物。方法:对2011年我院儿科住院患儿痰培养阳性结果进行回顾性统计分析。结果:共分离出病原菌784株,其中革兰阴性菌565株(72.07%),主要为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、流感嗜血杆菌,对氨苄西林/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢他啶、美罗培南高度敏感;革兰阳性菌75株(9.57%),主要为金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌,对头孢唑林、苯唑西林敏感,对万古霉素高度敏感。结论:我院儿童下呼吸道感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,对常用青霉素、第一代和第二代头孢菌素耐药率较高,对头孢他啶、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、美罗培南等高度敏感。经验性治疗时,建议选择革兰阴性菌敏感性高的抗菌药物。     

糖尿病足不同分级患者细菌感染分布状况及耐药分析

目的：观察糖尿病足不同分级患者细菌感染分布情况,并分析糖尿病足患者细菌耐药状况。方法：选取2020-01～2020-12本院收治的78例糖尿病足患者为研究对象,取患者入院后第1次伤口换药时足部创面暴露处分泌物进行细菌培养、病原菌鉴定及药敏试验,观察糖尿病足不同分级患者细菌感染分布情况,并分析耐药状况。结果：78例患者共检出96株病原菌,其中革兰阳性菌占57.29%,,革兰阴性菌占38.54%,且随着糖尿病足分级不断提高,革兰阳性菌占比由19.79%降至4.17%,革兰阴性菌占比由1.04%升至16.67%;检出的主要革兰阳性菌中,金色葡萄球菌对红霉素耐药性最强,占88.00%,表皮葡萄球菌对红霉素、青霉素耐药性较强,分别占93.75%、87.50%;检出的主要革兰阴性菌中,大肠埃希菌、奇异变形杆菌对氨苄西林耐药性最强,分别占78.75%、79.67%。检出的革兰阳性菌均对利奈唑胺敏感;检出的革兰阴性菌主要对亚胺培南敏感。结论：糖尿病足患者随着疾病分级的不断提高,革兰阳性菌占比逐渐减小,革兰阴性菌占比逐渐增大,且细菌类型逐渐增多,其中主要细菌类型为金色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌及...     

肾脏移植术后感染患者病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的 探讨慢性肾衰竭患者肾脏移植术后感染病原菌的分布及常用抗菌药的耐药情况。方法 采用回顾性研究方法,对河南省部分三甲医院2017年1月-2019年5月慢性肾衰竭肾脏移植术后感染患者送检的病原学标本进行细菌种类鉴定和耐药性分析。结果 分离出病原菌147株,其中以革兰阴性菌为首位,占68.71%,革兰阳性菌和真菌的构成比依次为14.29%、17.01%。感染病原菌中检出率居前5位的依次是肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和白念珠菌,感染部位以呼吸道(42.86%)、泌尿道(16.33%)和血液系统(11.56%)为主。共检出多重耐药菌(MDRO)35株,占23.81%,其中以肺炎克雷伯菌(12株)、大肠埃希菌(5株)和鲍曼不动杆菌(5株)为主。未检出耐万古霉素和利奈唑胺、替考拉宁革兰阳性球菌。结论 病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,且多重耐药菌株检出率较高,应加强移植术后患者感染的预防和控制。     

糖尿病足溃疡病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的分析糖尿病足溃疡病原菌分布及耐药性。方法选择2015年12月-2019年1月于青岛大学医学院附属威海医院/威海市立第二医院治疗的糖尿病足溃疡患者200例,对溃疡部位的分泌物进行分离,测定其菌株及耐药性。结果 200例患者中培养出病原菌株的患者180例,培养出菌株215株,其中革兰阳性球菌120株,革兰阴性杆菌76株,真菌19株;对培养出的菌株进行耐药性分析,革兰阳性球菌及革兰阴性杆菌对头孢类抗菌药物、阿莫西林、四环素等有一定耐药性,对莫西沙星、庆大霉素的敏感性较好。结论糖尿病足溃疡病原菌以革兰阳性球菌为主,且具有一定的耐药性,临床应配合耐药性监测结果选择抗生素治疗。     

我院2011年1月-2012年6月糖尿病足感染的病原菌及耐药性分析

目的:分析我院糖尿病足感染的病原菌分类及耐药性,为临床经验性使用抗菌药物提供参考。方法:回顾性分析2011年1月-2012年6月112例就诊于我院的糖尿病足患者的临床资料,着重对糖尿病足合并感染的分泌物阳性培养结果进行病原菌分类及药敏分析。结果:糖尿病足无感染者47例,糖尿病足伴感染者65例;糖尿病足伴感染者病原菌培养阳性54例(83.08%),培养阴性11例(16.92%)。共培养出病原菌72株,主要为金黄色葡萄球菌17株(23.61%)、粪肠球菌10株(13.89%)、大肠埃希菌7株(9.72%)、肺炎克雷伯菌6株(8.33%)、溶血葡萄球菌5株(6.94%)、奇异变形杆菌4株(5.56%)、表皮葡萄球菌3株(4.17%)、铜绿假单胞菌3株(4.17%)。36例为单一菌感染,18例为2种病原菌感染。革兰阳性球菌对莫西沙星、替加环素、利奈唑胺均较敏感,对青霉素、克林霉素、环丙沙星、红霉素交叉耐药,尚未出现对万古霉素耐药的菌株。革兰阴性杆菌对亚胺培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、阿米卡星、头孢替坦均较敏感,对头孢唑林、氨苄西林、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲唑交叉耐药。结论:我院糖尿病足伴感染者以革兰阳性球菌为主。主要病原菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药性增高,呈现多重交叉耐药。     

某院83例糖尿病足感染患者的病原菌分布及其对抗菌药物的敏感性分析

目的:探究糖尿病足感染患者的病原菌分布特点,分析病原菌对不同抗菌药物的耐药性.方法:选取医院2019年1月-12月间收治的糖尿病足溃疡感染伴微生物培养阳性患者83例病历资料,统计与分析其病原菌的分布特点及其对抗菌药物的耐药情况.结果:83例糖尿病足感染患者分泌物中,培养出108株病原菌,其中革兰阳性菌45株、革兰阴性菌...     

糖尿病足合并骨髓炎患者革兰阴性菌感染的临床特点及药敏分析

【摘要】目的探讨合并骨髓炎的糖尿病足溃疡（DFO）患者革兰阴性菌（G-）感染的临床特点及其耐药性。方法 收集我院91例DFO住院患者的病历资料,根据病原菌的分布特点将其中86例细菌感染的患者分为G-感染组（44例）和革兰阳性菌（G+）感染组（42例）,比较2组患者的临床特点,采用非条件Logistic回归分析G-感染的危险因素,并对G-的耐药谱进行总结。结果91例DFO患者包括86例细菌感染者和5例真菌感染者。病原微生物共计112株,其中G-54株（48.2%）,G+53株（47.3%）,真菌5株（4.5%）,G-中以铜绿假单胞菌占首位。G-感染组入院前6个月应用抗生素的比例（75.0%）高于G+感染组（52.4%）,2组其他指标比较差异无统计学意义,Logistic回归分析显示,有抗生素应用史是DFO患者感染G-的独立危险因素。药敏结果显示G-对多种头孢类及喹诺酮类抗生素耐药较严重,对亚胺培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、头孢他啶耐药率较低。结论DFO患者G-感染率高,耐药较普遍,对可疑糖尿病足感染患者应及时行细菌培养与药敏试验,系统合理应用抗生素。     

Bacteria isolated from surgical infections and its susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents--special references to bacteria isolated between April 2002 and March 2003

Tendency of isolated bacteria from infections in general surgery during the period from April 2002 to March 2003 were investigated in a multicenter study in Japan, and the following results were obtained. In this series, 334 strains were isolated from 131 (75.3%) of 174 patients with surgical infections. One hundred and seventy-one strains were isolated from primary infections, and 163 strains were isolated from post-operative infections. From primary infections, anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria were predominant, while aerobic Gram-positive bacteria were predominant from postoperative infections. Among aerobic Gram-positive bacteria, although the isolation rate of Staphylococcus aureus was the highest, followed by that of Enterococcus faecalis from primary infections, the isolation rate of E. faecalis was the highest from postoperative infections. Among anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria, the isolation rate of Peptostreptococcus spp. was the highest from both types of infections. Among aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli was the most predominantly isolated from primary infections, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in this order, and from postoperative infections, E. coli was the most predominantly isolated, followed by P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, and Citobacter freundii. Among anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, the isolation rate of Bacteroides fragilis group was the highest from both types of infections. The isolation rate of aerobic Gram-negative bacteria from primary infections and that of aerobic Gram-positive bacteria from postoperative infections were high in the last several years. We noticed no vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive cocci nor P. aeruginosa producing metallo-beta-lactamase. But we noticed cefazolin-resistant E. coli probably producing extended spectrum beta-lactamase.     

Bacteria isolated from surgical infections and its susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents--special references to bacteria isolated between april 2003 and march 2004

Tendency of isolated bacteria from infections in abdominal surgery during the period from April 2005 to March 2006 were investigated in a multicenter study in Japan, and the following results were obtained. In this series, 384 strains including 18 strains of Candida spp. were isolated from 161 (70.3%) of 229 patients with surgical infections. One hundred and ninty-five strains were isolated from primary infections, and 171 strains were isolated from postoperative infections. From primary infections, aerobic Gram-negative bacteria and aerobic Gram-positive bacteria were predominant, while aerobic Gram-positive bacteria were predominant from postoperative infections. The isolation rate of aerobic Gram-positive bacteria, such as Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus were higher from both types of infections. Among anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria, the isolation rate of Peptostreptococcus spp. was the highest from both types of infections. Among aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli was the most predominantly isolated from primary infections, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp. in this order, and from postoperative infections, E. coli was the most predominantly isolated, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. Among anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, the isolation rate of Bacteroides fragilis group was the highest from both primary and postoperative infections. In this series, we noticed no vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive cocci, nor multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa. But cefazolin-resistant E. coli producing extended spectrum fl-lactamase was seen in 5.0 per cents. We should be carefully followed up the facts that the increasing isolation rates of B. fragilis group and Bilophila wadsworthia which were resistant to both penicillins and cephems.     

Bacteria isolated from surgical infections and its susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents--special references to bacteria isolated between April 2001 and March 2002

Isolated bacteria from infections in general surgery during the period from April 2001 to March 2002 were investigated in a multicenter study in Japan, and the following results were obtained. In this series, four hundred and twenty strains were isolated from 175 (79.2%) of 221 patients with surgical infections. One hundred and eighty-six strains were isolated from primary infections, and 234 strains were isolated from postoperative infections. From primary infections, anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria were predominant, while from postoperative infections, aerobic Gram-positive bacteria were predominant. Among aerobic Gram-positive bacteria, although the isolation rate of Staphylococcus aureus was the highest, followed by that of Enterococcus faecalis from primary infections, the isolation rate of E. faecalis was the highest from postoperative infections. Among anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria, the isolation rate of Peptostreptococcus spp. was the highest from both types of infections. Among aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli was the most predominantly isolated from primary infections, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in this order, and from postoperative infections, P. aeruginosa was the most predominantly isolated, followed by Enterobacter spp., E. coli and Klebsiella spp. Among anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, the isolation rate of Bacteroides fragilis group was the highest from both types of infections. The isolation rate of aerobic Gram-negative bacteria from primary infections and that of aerobic Gram-positive bacteria from postoperative infections were high in the last several years. We noticed no vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive cocci.     

Bacteria isolated from surgical infections and its susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents--special references to bacteria isolated between April 2003 and March 2004

Tendency of isolated bacteria from infections in general surgery during the period from April 2003 to March 2004 were investigated in a multicenter study in Japan, and the following results were obtained. In this series, 455 strains including 14 strains of Candida spp. were isolated from 191(75.2%) of 254 patients with surgical infections. Two hundred and thirty-nine strains were isolated from primary infections, and 216 strains were isolated from postoperative infections. From primary infections, anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria and aerobic Gram-negative bacteria were predominant, while aerobic Gram-positive bacteria were predominant from postoperative infections. The isolation rate of aerobic Gram-positive bacteria, such as Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus were higher from both types of infections. Among anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria, the isolation rate of Peptostreptococcus spp. was the highest from both types of infections. Among aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli was the most predominantly isolated from primary infections, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in this order, and from postoperative infections, E. coli was the most predominantly isolated, followed by P. aeruginosa, E. cloacae, and K. pneumoniae. Among anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, the isolation rate of Bacteroides fragilis group was the highest from both types of infections. The isolation rate of anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria from primary infections and that of aerobic Gram-positive bacteria from postoperative infections were high in the last several years. In this series, we noticed no vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive cocci, but a few strains of moderately arbekacin-resistant MRSA. Carbapenm-resistant P. aeruginosa was seen in less than 10 per cents. Last year we noticed that there were cefazolin-resistant E. coli producing extended spectrum beta-lactamase, but there was no highly cefazolin-resistant E. coli in this year. In the next series, increase of both anaerobic bacteria and Enterococcus spp. should be carefully followed up.