江西农村人群宫颈癌、乳腺癌和生殖道感染筛查

[目的]调查江西省靖安县农村地区妇女宫颈癌、乳腺癌和生殖道感染（RTI）患病情况,并初步评价农村地区对同一人群多疾病同时筛查的意义及可行性。[方法]对江西省靖安县30～59岁年龄段的妇女整群抽样,并采用宫颈肉眼观察、乳腺临床检查、生殖道临床检查结合实验室检查进行筛查。[结果]进行筛查1767人,纳入研究队列1750人,宫颈癌前病变、乳腺良性疾病和生殖道感染的检出率分别为0.46%、3.03%和29.26%,未检出宫颈癌和乳腺癌。分组统计表明,年龄、受教育程度及家庭收入为,影响因素。[结论]该地区宫颈癌早诊早治的开展已初见成效,但生殖道感染（RTI）的防治效果有待提高。与单一疾病筛查方案相比,对同一人群进行多疾病筛查在节约成本,节省耗时的同时,更加人性化、多方面地预防疾病发生发展,值得在农村地区尝试。     

HPV检测在农村宫颈癌筛查中的作用

[目的]了解HPV检测在辽宁省沈阳市苏家屯地区农村妇女宫颈癌筛查过程中的作用,为宫颈癌筛查提供科学依据.[方法]对2014～2015年间自愿接受宫颈癌筛查的35～64岁农村常住妇女,进行调查、取样和HPV检测.[结果]对10 000名35～64岁妇女进行宫颈癌筛查,发现宫颈癌癌前病变80人(其中CIN1为36人,CIN2为30人,CIN3为14人),宫颈癌3人.高危型HPV阳性共1209人,高危型HPV阳性感染率随年龄的升高而升高.HPV的感染率随着病变程度加重而升高;宫颈上皮内瘤变和宫颈癌组HPV 16型的比例显著性高于其他组.[结论] HPV检测在宫颈癌的筛查过程中对提高早诊率具有重要的意义.     

江西省修水县宫颈癌筛查分析

目的:了解我国宫颈癌高发之一的江西省修水妇女宫颈癌的流行状况和高危型人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)感染与宫颈癌的关系。方法:对江西修水县2460名妇女进行妇科检查,宫颈刮片细胞学检查,对可疑病例采集其宫颈细胞进行高危型HPVDNA检测(HCⅡ)或对其行阴道镜检查。结果:以病理诊断为金标准,普查的2460例已婚妇女中宫颈癌10例,CINⅡ6例,CINⅠ8例。该人群宫颈癌的患病率为40650/10万,高危型HPVDNA检出率为245%(70/286),HPVDNA检出率随病变程度加重呈趋势性增高,χ2=773,P<001。结论:江西省修水县是宫颈癌高发区,女性生殖道高危型HPV感染是当地宫颈癌及宫颈内瘤样病变(CIN)高发的重要危险因素。对宫颈癌高发区进行有效筛查十分必要。     

无锡新区官颈癌试点筛查人群HPV感染现况分析

目的：调查无锡新区妇女人乳头瘤病毒（highriskhumanpapillomavirus,HPV）感染状况,分析HPV型别和年龄分布特征,HPV型别在宫颈病变患者中的分布特征,并探讨HPV检测作为宫颈癌初筛方法的可行性。方法：2012年无锡新区宫颈癌筛查项目初筛方法采用HPV基因分型检测,HPV检测结果阳性的受检者转诊进行液基细胞学检查,细胞学检查结果异常者再行阴道镜下活检,病理组织学检查作为最终诊断标准。结果：总计11322例35～64岁妇女参与了此次宫颈癌筛查,HPV结果阳性者1286例,总感染率为11．36％;癌前病变检出58例,检出率为512．28／10万;宫颈癌检出7例,检出率为61．83／10万。在总人群中,检出率前3位的型别是HPV16（2．70％）、HPV52（2．07％）和HPV58（1．93％）;在宫颈病变患者中,检出率最高的型别为HPV16（47．69％）,其次为HPV58（24．61％）和HPV18（9．23％）。55～59岁年龄组HPV感染率最高,为11．88％,各年龄组之间HPV检出率差异无统计学意义,χ^2=4．763,P=0．445;45～49岁年龄组高度癌前病变（≥CINⅡ）检出率高于其他年龄组。结论：HPV型别在总人群与宫颈病变人群中的分布存在差异,除HPV16和HPV18之外,HPV58的致癌能力可能明显高于其他高危型HPV;40～59岁是宫颈癌筛查的重点人群。与以往筛查结果相比,此次试点的筛查方法值得进一步推广。     

宫颈癌早诊早治农村示范基地研究报告

[目的]通过对9176名妇女采用醋酸或碘染色肉眼筛查方法（VIA/VILI）筛查宫颈癌的早诊早治结果分析,评价在农村高发区宫颈癌采用该筛查方式推广应用的可行性。[方法]以山西省襄垣县30～59岁的妇女作为研究对象进行以自然人群为基础的宫颈癌筛查,用醋酸染色后肉眼观察（VIA）和碘染色后肉眼观察（VILI）进行宫颈检查,VIA或VILI阳性者进行阴道镜检查,阴道镜异常者在病变处取活检进行病理学诊断。采用同样方法对该人群连续复查两年。[结果]首次筛查人群参与率为73.92%,二次复查率为84.3%。2005年首次筛查了1287例妇女,最终经病理确诊的CINⅠ10例、CINⅡ9例、CINⅢ13例、宫颈癌3例。该方法与已往该地区采用液基细胞学和HPV检测联合筛查方法相比较,CINⅡ和≥CINⅢ病变的检出率略低,但差异无统计学意义。连续两年复查出5例CINⅠ,3例CINⅡ,1例CINⅢ。2006～2008年共筛查7889例,首次筛查最终病理确诊116例CINⅠ,36例CINⅡ,35例CINⅢ,4例早期浸润癌,浸润性鳞癌5例。第二次复查,经病理确诊75例CINⅠ,24例CINⅡ,15例CINⅢ,1例早期浸润癌。[结论]在资源有限．经济不发达的农村地区．用VIA／VILI方法对宫颈癌及其癌前病变的筛查是可行的．建议进一步在农村地区进行推广。     

高危型HPV持续感染在宫颈病变中的分布及其影响因素分析

目的 探讨高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)持续感染在宫颈病变中的分布及其影响因素.方法 选取1388例液基细胞学检查异常者进行宫颈病理组织学检查,同时进行高危型HPV检测并随访,分析不同类型HPV感染的分布情况,以及患者的年龄、性伴侣及宫颈病变的家族史情况.结果 1388例患者中,272例为宫颈炎,936例为宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN),180例为宫颈癌;宫颈炎患者高危型HPV持续感染率为0.74％,低于其他宫颈病变患者(P﹤0.05).222例高危型HPV持续感染患者中,HPV16、HPV18和HPV58的比例分别为53.60％、22.97％和10.36％;宫颈病变患者中高危型HPV检出较多的亚型分别为HPV16、HPV18和HPV58.初次性行为年龄﹤20岁、性伴侣≥2个和有宫颈癌家族史的患者,其高危型HPV持续感染率分别为21.96％、22.94％和21.20％,高于初次性行为年龄≥20岁、性伴侣1个和无宫颈癌家族史患者的13.33％、13.30％和15.2％(P﹤0.05);合并生殖道炎症的患者,其高危型HPV持续感染率为19.17％,高于无生殖道炎症的患者(P﹤0.05).Logistic回归分析结果显示:初次性行为年龄是高危型HPV持续感染的保护因素(OR=0.576,95％CI:0.576～0.817);性伴侣数量(OR=2.188,95％CI:1.647～2.907)和生殖道炎症(OR=1.904,95％CI:1.214～2.986)是高危型HPV持续感染的危险因素.结论 高危型HPV持续感染主要以HPV16、HPV18和HPV58为主,其不仅与宫颈病变有关,还与患者的初次性行为年龄、性伴侣数量和生殖道炎症有一定的关系.     

VIA-VILI结合电子阴道镜检随访筛查早期发现宫颈病变

目的 在宫颈癌高发区通过对高危人群实施跟踪随访筛查以达到宫颈癌早期诊断和早期治疗。方法 对目标人群的30~59岁适龄妇女应用醋染（VIA）和碘染（VILI）进行初筛,结合子阴道镜检和病理检查进而明确诊断。结果 2006~2007年共筛查5595人,随访检查3676人,最终病理诊断结果证实CIN Ⅰ189例,CIN Ⅱ25例,CIN Ⅲ/原位癌19例,宫颈浸润癌8例。结论 碘染、醋染作为宫颈癌的初筛方法其符合率分别为41.6%和64%,但结合阴道镜及镜下定位活检病理检查可大大提高宫颈癌癌前病变及早期宫颈癌的诊断率。     

宫颈癌防治整体解决方案推进精准诊疗

<正>宫颈癌是危害妇女健康的重大疾病之一,死亡率逐年上升,且有年轻化趋势。筛查是宫颈癌防治的关键手段,理想的筛查方法必须满足疾病进展各个阶段的临床需求。高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)基因检测可用于一线初筛:高危型基因检测在浸润癌筛查方面,具有客观、快速、敏感性高、可重复性高等优点。HPV疫苗上市,并不意味着未来不需要宫颈癌筛查。在HPV初筛和联合细胞学双筛策略中,     

深圳市原住居民女性生殖道HPV感染

[目的]了解深圳市原住居民女性人群的生殖道高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染现状、宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（CIN）和宫颈癌的现患率。[方法]2009年6月至2009年10月在深圳市龙岗区坑梓街道办事处辖区25~59岁、3年内未做过宫颈癌筛查的原住居民女性进行整群抽样,并以同一辖区外来移民女性为对照。所有接受筛查女性均行宫颈液基细胞学检查及第二代杂交捕获技术（hybrid captureⅡ,HC-Ⅱ）高危型HPV检测。HPV阳性和/或细胞学≥ASCUS的女性行阴道镜检查和活检。[结果]共有942名原住居民妇女和1183名外来移民女性参加了本次调查。原住居民与外来移民妇女HPV阳性率分别为16.9%和11.8%（P〈0.05）。原住居民妇女CIN现患率为9.7%,其中CINⅡ及以上病变现患率为6.3%,外来移民CIN现患率5.1%,其中CINⅡ及以上病变现患率为2.6%。原住居民妇女CIN和CINⅡ及以上病变现患率均明显高于外来移民（P〈0.001）,尤以30~39岁年龄组最为明显。[结论]30~39岁年龄组妇女HPV感染和CIN现患率均较高,应作为宫颈癌防治的重点监测对象。     

天津市大肠癌筛查初步结果分析

目的:在40～74岁天津市自然人群中开展大肠癌筛查,评价问卷调查、大便潜血检查（stooloccultbloodtest ,FOB ）和全结肠镜检查的筛查效果,为探索大肠癌筛查策略提供参考。方法:筛查方法采用问卷调查结合FOB 的两步筛查模式,经初筛确定的高危人群行全结肠镜检查明确诊断。结果:2012年5 月至2014年12月,实际完成初筛2 117 304 例,初筛顺应性39.72% ;检出高危人群126 118 例,高危人群比例5.96% ;全结肠镜检查25837 例,检出腺瘤8 095 例,进展期腺瘤1 236 例、伴中重度异型增生的其他病变134 例、早期癌112 例、晚期癌336 例,早诊率为81.52% 。结论:天津市大肠癌筛查方案可以显著浓缩大肠癌高危人群,提高全结肠镜检查的阳性率,节省医疗资源。      

318例高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变及宫颈癌患者的TCT和hrHPV检测分析

  目的  探讨如何使用现有的筛查方法, 减少高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3, CIN2/3)及宫颈癌的漏诊。  方法  回顾性分析2014年6月至2018年8月318例中国医科大学附属航空总医院治疗的CIN2/3及宫颈癌患者的临床资料, 其中CIN2/3为296例、宫颈癌为22例, 采用宫颈液基薄层细胞学检查(thinprep cytology test, TCT)及高危型人乳头瘤病毒(high risk human papilloma virus, hrHPV)检测方法, 分析患者的年龄、TCT和hrHPV。  结果  296例CIN2/3患者中30~39岁患者为130例(43.92%)、占第1位, 20~29岁年轻患者为69例(23.31%)、占第3位。318例患者中TCT阳性为199例(62.58%), hrHPV阳性为308例(96.86%), 两者联合筛查阳性为313例, 阳性率为98.43%(313/318)。hrHPV分型检测主要亚型依次为16、52、58、33、18、31型。  结论  CIN2/3及宫颈癌的发病年龄年轻化, 年轻患者筛查不容忽视。TCT单独筛查较hrHPV单独筛查易漏诊高级别病变, TCT联合hrHPV筛查可提高检出率。TCT阴性, hrHPV非16、18亚型的其他hrHPV阳性, 尤其是hrHPV52、58、33、31亚型阳性患者也建议行阴道镜检查。      

城市女性乳腺癌高危评估及筛查结果分析

目的 分析城市女性乳腺癌高危人群的流行病学特征,为乳腺癌防治提供科学依据。方法 以高危评估问卷、临床体格检查、乳腺B超和钼靶为基础,对24016名城市女性开展乳腺癌筛查,并对筛查结果进行统计学分析。结果 在24016名参加问卷的妇女中,经问卷初筛评估为高危人群的有1890名,其中有14例被诊断为乳腺癌,乳腺癌筛查阳性率为0.583‰。单因素分析显示,乳腺癌检出率在饮酒习惯、精神压抑状况、月经初潮年龄、初育年龄、哺乳时长及乳腺癌家族史方面的差异有统计学意义。多因素分析显示,经常饮酒(OR=2.31,95%CI:1.53~4.17)、精神压抑(OR=3.20,95%CI:1.20~8.34)、哺乳时长≤12个月(OR=2.49,95%CI:1.23~5.18)以及有乳腺癌家族史(OR=3.17,95%CI:1.15~5.23)为影响本组人群乳腺癌检出率的独立影响因素。结论 乳腺癌高危人群筛查策略是一种高效经济的筛查方式。经常饮酒、精神压抑、哺乳时长≤12个月以及有乳腺癌家族史人群是乳腺癌筛查过程中需重点关注的人群。     

PCR-based high-risk HPV test in cervical cancer screening gives objective risk assessment of women with cytomorphologically normal cervical smears

Cervical-cancer screening programmes using cytomorphological criteria could be more efficient if the screening included objective individual risk factors for women with normal cytology, such as a test for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). The value of a PCR-based test for high-risk HPV types was studied in a cohort of 1622 women presenting in a routine biannual population-based screening programme. Women were included in the study when they had no previous history of cervical dysplasia; and their initial Pap smear was read as normal (Pap 1 or 2). The mean age of the women was 42 years (range 34–54 years) and mean follow-up time was 40 months (range 5–73 months). Women were referred for colposcopically directed biopsies if they had had 2 successive cervical smears read as Pap 3a (mild to moderate dyskaryosis) or one read as ≥ Pap 3b (severe dyskaryosis). Women with histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III (CIN III) were considered positive cases. All women were tested for 14 high-risk HPV genotypes. Of the 86 high-risk HPV-positive women, 6 developed CIN III, whereas only 1 of the 1536 HPV-negative women did. The women with normal Pap smears containing high-risk HPV genotypes were 116 times (95% Cl, 13–990) more at risk of developing CIN III, in contrast to women without high-risk HPV. These results support the view that the interval between successive smears in cervical-cancer screening can be increased considerably for women with cytomorphologically normal and high-risk HPV-negative cervical smears as determined by PCR. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with no evidence of disease at baseline: Results of a prospective cohort study with up to 6.4 years of follow-up from India

We report the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) among HIV-infected women who did not have any colposcopic or histopathological evidence of CIN at baseline. Of the 1,023 women without any CIN at baseline, 855 (83.6%) have been followed up to a maximum of 6.4 years contributing 2,875 person years of observation (PYO). Among these 855 women, 54 cases of any CIN were observed resulting in incidence rate of any CIN of 1.9 per 100 PYO. The median time for follow-up for women with any CIN was 3.0 (IQR 1.6–3.7) years. The cumulative incidence rate per 100 PYO of CIN 2 or worse lesion in women with HPV-18 infection at baseline was 13.3% (95% CI 5.1–26.8); in women with HPV-16 infection was 10.8% (95% CI 4.4–20.9); in women with HPV-31 infection was 4.2% (95% CI 0.9–11.7); and in women with other high-risk HPV infections was 5.4% (95% CI 2.6–9.7). HPV-18 infection at baseline contributed highest frequency of incident CIN 2 or worse lesions followed by HPV-16 infection; however, other high-risk HPV types were also responsible for substantial number of incident CIN. The elevated risk of CIN2+ disease in the study cohort was non-significant in women with CD4 count <200, possibly because of the small number of cases. Our results emphasize the need for regular cervical cancer screening of HIV-infected women and urgent implementation of cervical cancer screening services in HIV programs in India and other low and middle-income countries.     

Breast cancer risk in women who fulfill high-risk criteria: at what age should surveillance start?

Family history is a strong predictor of hereditary breast cancer, particularly when it includes cases of early onset or bilateral breast cancers and multiple cases of breast or ovarian cancers. This article provides relative risks and cumulative risks of breast cancer in women whose family history indicates high risk. Specifically, the aim was to determine how many years earlier the high-risk women reach the cumulative risk of women without family history at the age at which screening in average-risk women is initiated. The women of the nation-wide Swedish Family-Cancer Database were classified according to clinical criteria based on family history suggesting high risk for hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome. The relative risks of breast cancer were calculated as hazard ratio using Cox regression. Cumulative risks of breast cancer were estimated with a stratified Cox model based on Tsiatis’ method. The hazard ratios of breast cancer for the considered criteria ranged from 1.50 to 5.99. The cumulative risks ranged from 1 to 10% by age 50 years. The age to reach the same cumulative risk as women lacking a family history at the age of 50 years ranged between 32.0 and 40.8 years. Relative and cumulative risks of women at high risk of breast cancer associated with different clinical criteria were diverse, which may be helpful in considering when current clinical criteria are revised. According to the present results, current recommendations of starting clinical interventions 10 years earlier in high-risk women, based on expert opinions, appear justified at least for the largest high-risk groups.     

Consanguinity decreases risk of breast cancer--cervical cancer unaffected.

Marriages between third-degree and more distant relatives are common in many parts of the world. Offspring of consanguineous parents have increased morbidity and mortality related to recessive gene disorders. In a population with a high frequency of consanguinity, we examined the frequency of breast cancer (related in part to tumour genes) and cervical cancers (related to virus infection) among offspring of consanguineous and non-consanguineous parents. Study was done prospectively in the United Arab Emirates. Selected were married female citizens, ages 40-65, who attended 12 primary health care clinics for whatever reason. In a face-to-face interview, subjects were asked: (a) about consanguineous marriages in family; (b) if they have or have had breast or cervical cancer; (c) about family history of cancer, cancer screening and other parameters. Tumour diagnosis was confirmed by review of medical records. Of 1750 women invited into study, 1445 (79%) could be used in analysis. Among 579 (40%) women of consanguineous and 866 (60%) of non-consanguineous parents there were 24 and 54 with breast cancer, respectively (RR = 0.66, CI 0.42 - 1.06). In the 40 to 50 age group, breast cancer reported 13 of 446 women of consanguineous and 37 of 633 of non-consanguineous parents (RR = 0.50, Cl 0.27 - 0.93). Cervical cancer had 15 women in consanguineous and 32 in non-consanguineous group (RR = 0.70, Cl 0.38 - 1.28). Number of families with history of breast cancer in consanguineous and non-consanguineous group was 21 and 23, respectively (P = 0.29). The cancer screening rates and other variable values had fairly balanced distribution between the 2 groups. Having consanguineous parents decreases the risk of breast cancer especially in younger women, risk of cervical cancer being unaffected.     

How many cervical cancers are prevented by treatment of screen‐detected disease in young women?

Others have argued that as many as a third of women treated for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) would have developed cervical cancer in the absence of screening and treatment. Under various assumptions and using past data on CIN grade 3 (CIN3) registrations in England and Scotland, we estimate what cervical cancer rates would have been in the absence of screening. Data on registrations of cervical carcinoma in situ for England and Scotland were used to project the additional numbers of invasive cervical cancers that would have resulted had the carcinoma in situ not been treated. We compare the resulting cervical cancer rates (under different models) with rates recorded in Cancer Incidence in 5 Continents. In order for the projected rates in England and Scotland at ages 20-24 not to be exceptionally high compared to maximum recorded rates for each registry in Cancer Incidence in 5 Continents, the progression rate from CIN3 to invasive cancer in women aged 20-24 should not exceed 1% per year. Similar progression rates were reasonable for women aged 25-29. Under the previously accepted assumption of 4.33% progression per year, cervical cancer rates in women aged 20-29 in both England and Scotland would have been 2-5 times greater than any observed rate (other than one registry, based on just 4 cases). From this analysis, at most 1.5% of women treated (equivalent to 3% of CIN3 registrations) would have had cancer by age 25, whereas it is reasonable to assume that over half of them would have regressed by age 25.     

HPV 16 in multiple neoplastic lesions in women with CIN III

Paraffin embedded material of multiple primary cancers and other hyperplastic tumours from fifteen patients were analyzed by PCR and in situ hybridization for the presence of HPV DNA in the lesions. All patients had also high grade cervical intraepithelial dysplasia (CIN III) and breast carcinomas and were selected from a previous study enrolling 46 women with CIN III and breast carcinomas. HPV 16 was detected by PCR in 8/15 patients (53%), with eleven HPV 16 positive tumours. HPV 16 was detected in two malignant melanomas, one basal cell carcinoma, one squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, one Bowen disease of the vulva, two high grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasias, one cancer corporis uteri, one bronchial carcinoma and two lymphomas. Three cases, two high grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia and a squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, were also reported to be positive by in situ hybridization. 5/8 patients (63%) with HPV 16 positive second cancers had also HPV 16 positive breast carcinomas. All fifteen patients with second cancers after CIN III had HPV 16 positive CIN III lesions; 53% of the patients had also a familial cancer history. We assume that HPV 16 may be involved in the development of different second cancers in women with HPV 16 positive CIN III.     

cobas 4800 HPV检测在宫颈癌筛查中的应用价值

  目的  评价cobas 4800 HPV检测技术在宫颈癌及癌前病变筛查中的可行性及应用价值。  方法  对河南省新密市856例年龄 > 21岁有性生活的妇女进行宫颈癌筛查。每位妇女均接受了cobas 4800 HPV检测、高危型HPV第二代杂交捕获试验(hy brid capture 2 technology, HC2)检测、ThinPrep液基细胞学和阴道镜检查。阴道镜下在可见病变处直接取活检; 任意筛查结果阳性但无可见病变时, 于宫颈外口鳞柱交界处行四象限随机活检和宫颈管搔刮术(endocervical curettage, ECC)。  结果  cobas 4800HPV检测与HC2检测对宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN)2级以上(CIN2、CIN3及宫颈癌)患者的灵敏度均为94.4%(34/36), 特异度分别为63.2%(516/817)和63.9%(522/817);一致率为83.4%(711/853), 两者具有高度一致性(Kappa=0.65)。cobas 4800 HPV检测对于液基细胞学检查漏诊的患者具有100%检出率。cobas 4800 HPV16及18分型检测对于CIN2以上患者的阳性预测值21.9%为HC2检测10.3%的2.13倍。妇女感染HPV16及18型患CIN2以上病变的年龄比感染其他类型平均小5.4岁。  结论  cobas 4800 HPV检测与HC2检测具有相似的准确性和良好的一致性, 比ThinPrep液基细胞学检查更为灵敏, 并且能鉴别HPV16及18两种高风险类型HPV感染, 利于医生更有针对性地随访宫颈病变中的高危病例。      

Awareness of breast and cervical cancer risk factors and screening behaviours among nurses in rural region of Turkey

Breast and cervical cancer are the most common causes of cancer mortality among women worldwide, but actually they are largely preventable diseases. There is limited data on breast and cervical cancer knowledge, screening practices and attitudes of nurses in Turkey. A self-administered questionnaire was used to investigate the knowledge and attitude of nurses on risk factors of the breast and cervical cancer as well as screening programmes such as breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination, mammography (MMG) and papanicolaou (pap) smear test. In total, 125 out of 160 nurses participated in the study (overall response rate was 80.6%). The risk factors and symptoms of breast cancer was generally well known, except for early menarche (23.2%) and late menopause (28.8%). For cervical cancer, the correct risk factors mostly indicated by the nurses were early age at first sexual intercourse (56%), smoking (76%), multiple sexual partners (71.2%). As for screening methods, it was believed that BSE was a beneficial method to identify the early breast changes (84.8%) and MMG was able to detect the cancer without a palpable mass (57.6%). Little was known about the fact that women should begin cervical cancer screening approximately 3 years after the onset of sexual intercourse (23.2%) and if repeated pap smear test were normal, it could be done every 2–3 years. Most of the nurses considered that MMG decreases the mortality in breast cancer (65.6%) and also believed that pap smear test decreases the mortality in cervical cancer (75.2%). Despite high level of knowledge of breast cancer risk factors, symptoms and screening methods, inadequate knowledge of cervical cancer screening method were found among nurses.