髓芯减压植骨结合骼金骨笼置入治疗早期非创伤性股骨头坏死的短期疗效观察

目的探讨髓芯减压植骨结合骼金骨笼置入治疗早期非创伤性股骨头坏死的手术方法及短期疗效。方法因非创伤性股骨头坏死的患者60例,将其随机分为研究组和对照组各30例,研究组采用髓芯扩大减压自体髂骨打压植骨结合骼金骨笼植入支撑治疗,对照组采用传统髓芯减压术治疗。对患者髋关节功能状况、塌陷情况进行比较分析。结果根据髋关节Harris评分,研究组优良率明显高于对照组研究组(0.05);研究组仅出现1例塌陷,对照组出现8例,两组比较差异显著(0.05)。结论髓芯减压植骨结合骼金骨笼置入治疗早期非创伤性股骨头坏死可明显改善髋关节功能,防止股骨头塌陷,疗效满意。     

髓芯减压植骨支撑术治疗股骨颈骨折术后股骨头坏死的早期疗效观察

目的探讨髓芯减压植骨支撑术治疗股骨颈骨折术后股骨头缺血性坏死的早期疗效。方法对21例行三根钉手术治疗的股骨颈骨折患者,经X线、CT、ECT或MRI确诊为股骨头坏死,所有患者采用髓芯减压植骨支撑术治疗。依据ARCO分期:Ⅰ期2髋,ⅡA11髋,ⅡB6髋,ⅡC1髋,IIIA1髋,术前及术后所有患者采用Harris髋关节评分系统进行评分、影像学检查并加以比较。结果随访9~18个月,Harris评分由术前(73.4±7.2)增加到术后(89.4±7.9),优良率85.2%。结论采用髓芯减压植骨支撑术治疗股骨颈骨折术后股骨头坏死,恢复了股骨头前外侧柱的生物力学稳定,促进了坏死病灶的修复,对患者具有良好的早期疗效。     

髓芯减压植骨与多孔钽棒植入修复非创伤性股骨头坏死

背景：髓芯减压植骨是临床上常用的一种方法,随着对股骨头生物力学研究的深入,多孔钽棒技术也越来越多的用于保髋手术,但这两种术式在临床上疗效比较报道较少。 目的：比较髓芯减压植骨与多孔钽棒植入治疗非创伤性股骨头缺血性坏死的临床疗效。 方法：选择36例(45髋)成人股骨头缺血坏死患者,其中15例(19髋)采用髓芯减压植骨治疗,21例(26髋)采用髓芯减压多孔钽棒植入治疗。 结果及结论：植入治疗均成功,随访3~12个月,两组手术时间、出血量、住院天数比较差异均无显著性意义,治疗后Harris评分较治疗前均有明显提高(P < 0.05),治疗后12个月Harris评分,多孔钽棒植入高于植骨治疗(P < 0.05),差异显著性意义。髓芯减压与多孔钽棒植入对早期成人股骨头坏死髋关节功能改善优于髓芯减压植骨,预防了关节软骨的逐渐塌陷。     

股骨头髓芯减压为基础治疗早期股骨头坏死

背景：髓芯减压治疗早期股骨头坏死效果较好,而且髓芯减压方法简单易行,即使远期治疗效果不理想也不影响行人工全髋关节置换。 目的：探讨以股骨头髓芯减压为基础的3种方法治疗早期股骨头坏死的临床疗效。 方法：根据国际骨循环研究学会(Association Research Circulation Osseous,ARCO)股骨头坏死分期标准,纳入股骨头坏死患者46例(61髋),Ⅰ期21例(29髋),Ⅱ期25例(32髋)。其中15例(23髋)行单纯髓芯减压治疗,18例(25髋)行髓芯减压联合自体骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗,13例(13髋)行髓芯减压联合多孔钽棒置入治疗。 结果与结论：全部患者均获12个月随访,3组患者末次随访时髋关节Harris评分均高于术前(P < 0.01),末次随访时联合细胞移植组和联合多孔钽棒组Harris评分高于单纯髓芯减压组(P < 0.01),而联合细胞移植组和联合多孔钽棒组比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。髋关节X射线检查：单纯髓芯减压组2例(3髋)发展为塌陷、联合细胞移植组1例(1髋)发展为塌陷,联合多孔钽棒组2例(2髋)出现塌陷。结果可见以股骨头髓芯减压为基础的3种方法治疗早期股骨头坏死均有效,其中髓芯减压联合自体骨髓单个核细胞移植或多孔钽棒置入近期疗效优于单纯髓芯减压治疗。     

早期股骨头缺血性坏死治疗：髓芯减压并钽棒优于并植骨

背景：单纯髓芯减压并植骨治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死对软骨下骨支撑不够,增加了骨折及塌陷的风险。钽棒的置入不仅可以提供很好的生物学支撑,也会增加坏死区域的再血管化,从而达到修复股骨头坏死的作用。目的：比较髓芯减压并植骨、髓芯减压并钽棒置入治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死的临床效果。方法：纳入髓芯减压并植骨治疗ARCOⅠ/Ⅱ期股骨头缺血性坏死患者24例28髋,髓芯减压并钽棒置入治疗ARCOⅠ/Ⅱ期股骨头缺血性坏死患者25例29髋。随访24个月,观察治疗前后Harris评分变化及临床疗效。结果与结论：所有患者均获得随访。治疗后6个月,髓芯减压并植骨组患者Harris评分较治疗前平均提高了4.93分;髓芯减压并钽棒置入组患者Harris评分较治疗前平均提高了6.89分,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。治疗后12个月,2组患者Harris评分均有治疗前显著提高,髓芯减压并植骨组患者Harris评分低于髓芯减压并钽棒置入组(P < 0.05)。髓芯减压并钽棒置入组总的治疗优良率为83%,优于髓芯减压并植骨组的75%。治疗后24个月髓芯减压并钽棒置入组X射线评分显著高于髓芯减压并植骨组(P < 0.05)。提示与髓芯减压并植骨相比,髓芯减压并钽棒置入能够更有效地防止股骨头塌陷,改善关节功能及延缓股骨头坏死进程。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程全文链接：     

改良多孔髓芯减压修复早期股骨头缺血性坏死:髋关节置换率5年随访

背景:股骨头髓芯减压作为一种经典的治疗早期股骨头坏死的方法,已得到广泛认可,但是相当多的报道以术后评分等主观数据进行分析,影响结果的可靠性。目的:进一步验证髓芯减压治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死的临床效果及影像学变化。方法:符合国际骨循环研究会(ARCO)骨坏死分期标准ARCOⅠ-Ⅱ期患者67例(99髋),其中治疗组40例(57髋),行改良多孔髓芯减压术治疗;对照组27例(42髋),进行药物及综合治疗。治疗前及治疗后1,3个月评估Harris评分,治疗后6个月复查骨盆平片、双髋关节侧位片、髋关节MRI及Harris评分。结果与结论:经5年随访后,治疗组57例髋,最终28例行髋关节置换,占49%;对照组42例髋,其中29例行关节置换,占69%,治疗组最终髋关节置换率明显低于对照组;说明髋关节髓芯减压明显延缓了患者行关节置换的时间(P0.05)。对照组髋关节置换率高峰期为术后两三年,治疗组髋关节置换率高峰期为术后三四年。治疗组治疗后Harris评分及坏死指数显著优于治疗前(P0.05);患者治疗前Harris评分及坏死指数无明显相关性(P0.05),经髓芯减压干预后,仍无相关性。结果证实股骨头髓芯减压治疗早期股骨头缺血坏死对缓解疼痛症状、提高步行能力和改善患肢功能均有明显效果,且能延缓全髋置换的时间,尤其适用于ARCOⅠ-Ⅱ期股骨头坏死的患者。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植联合髓芯减压植骨修复股骨头坏死

背景：单独使用髓芯减压治疗股骨头坏死,易造成股骨头凹陷和内部显微结构的崩溃,因而需要自体骨等材料进行填充支撑,而骨髓干细胞移植能使股骨头塌陷的发生率降低。 目的：观察髓芯减压植骨联合骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗股骨头坏死的临床效果。 方法：选择2012年12月至2013年5月在沈阳医学院附属中心医院骨外四科住院的33例采用股骨头髓芯减压植骨联合骨髓间充质干细胞注入髓腔内治疗股骨头坏死患者。 结果与结论：股骨头髓芯减压植骨联合骨髓间充质干细胞注入髓腔内治疗股骨头坏死后患者Harris髋关节功能评分增加,疼痛消失,能从事各种劳动;X射线片或CT检查显示股骨头正常30髋,占79%;疼痛明显减轻,行走基本正常或者轻微跛行15髋,占40%;行走间距延长35髋,占92%;髋关节功能障碍明显好转24髋,占63%。提示髓芯减压植骨联合骨髓间充质干细胞移植对改善股骨头缺血性坏死局部血供,促进坏死骨质吸收和骨质修复起到积极的作用。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

有限元分析髓芯减压并同种异体植骨治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的生物力学改变

目的:分析髓芯减压并同种异体植骨治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死的临床应用。方法:选取收治的1例早期股骨头缺血坏死男性患者,入院后术前对患侧股骨头行多层螺旋CT扫描,然后将CT扫描的图片资料导入专业的有限元分析软件,建立股骨头缺血坏死的有限元模型,在有限元模型上模拟进行髓芯钻孔减压术,隧道植入骨块到软骨下骨约0~6 mm处,自体松质骨夯实。双足站立位为股骨头的模拟受力体位,髋关节的负荷条件为:外展肌合力M、髂胫束力T以及髋关节接触力J分别为1 060、1 721、1 621 N,选取90°、120°以及150°的坏死角度,分别计算未处理过的股骨头坏死模型的塌陷值、行单纯髓芯减压以及行髓芯减压加植骨时的塌陷值。结果:股骨头的正常骨质杨氏模量高于坏死骨的杨氏模量,正常骨质的横向变形系数低于坏死骨。行股骨头髓芯钻孔减压术后,股骨头的塌陷值显著增加,而减压隧道植入同种异体骨后,其塌陷值显著减低,但高于正常的股骨头。同时,由于股骨头坏死角度的增加,其塌陷值也明显增加。结论:髓芯钻孔减压并同种异体植骨术能有效增进坏死区的骨质修复,加强减压通道所致股骨头支撑结构的改变,防止股骨头关节面的塌陷。     

扇形减压异体腓骨支撑内固定治疗早期成人股骨头坏死

背景：传统的髓芯减压异体腓骨支撑可以减少股骨头内部的应力负荷,改善股骨头的力学性能。但不能为股骨头内部坏死后5个病理分区的稳定性提供支持。 目的：以传统异体腓骨植骨做对照,观察扇形减压异体腓骨支撑内固定对早期成人股骨头坏死的修复效果。 方法：纳入40例早期股骨头坏死患者,按随机数字表法分为2组,治疗组给予扇形减压、异体腓骨支撑内固定治疗;对照组给予传统减压异体腓骨植骨治疗,对比2组患者的治疗效果。治疗后复查双髋正蛙位片、髋关节功能Harris评分、X射线片ARCO分期评估塌陷程度和坏死修复程度。 结果与结论：末次随访时,治疗组患者Harris评分显著高于对照组(P < 0.05),扇形减压异体腓骨支撑内固定组的修复治疗效果优于传统异体腓骨植骨组。在坏死修复方面,治疗组18髋修复良好(72%),7髋修复迟缓或失败(28%);对照组9髋修复良好(60%),6髋修复迟缓或失败(40%)。提示与传统异体腓骨植骨治疗相比,扇形减压异体腓骨支撑内固定可使减压更彻底,异体腓骨在股骨头的稳定性增加,使支撑更加可靠。     

以三维有限元分析多孔钽块植入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的生物力学改变

目的对比研究3种治疗成人股骨头缺血性坏死方法的生物力学行为;总结最合适的钽块大小、植入位置和植入试验股骨头模型后防止塌陷的效果。方法选择健康成人右侧股骨为研究对象,经层厚2.0mm的螺旋CT扫描得各断面图象,输入计算机识别和提取股骨轮廓并行三维重建。按生理状态下股骨力载荷的三维空间分布,施加髋关节接触力1620N,外展肌合力1061N,髂胫束力1720N。对股骨头三维有限元模型进行计算,求出股骨头受力模型在3种不同处理方法下,不同直径和形状钽金属植入股骨头模型后股骨头负重区表面的塌陷值。结果髓芯减压+植骨+钽块植入组防止股骨头塌陷效果较髓芯减压+植骨组、髓芯减压+植骨+钽棒植入组有明显改善,而髓芯减压+植骨组与髓芯减压+植骨+钽棒植入组随坏死角度增大后无明显差异。结论植入钽金属块后尽可能靠近负重区关节面对股骨头予以支撑,能有效阻止和限制坏死继续进展;植骨加钽棒植入在小范围坏死时尚有一定的支撑作用,当坏死范围增大后不能增加股骨头的机械支撑力;钽金属块植入组治疗股头缺血性坏死明显优于钽金属棒植入组;钽块的最佳植入位置在股骨头负重区正下方软骨板下0～3mm。     

3D打印羊椎骨粉/聚乙烯醇支架、纳米级羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇支架、羊椎骨粉/聚乙烯醇无孔骨板的性能比较

BACKGROUND: With the promotion of 3D printing technology, 3D printing scaffolds for bone tissue engineering have become the new ideas for jaw bone repair. OBJECTIVE: To compare the physical and biological properties of sheep vertebral bone meal/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) scaffold, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA)/PVA scaffold, and sheep vertebral bone meal/PVA nonporous bone plate. METHODS: 3D printing technology was used to print sheep vertebral bone meal/PVA scaffold, nHA/PVA scaffold, and sheep vertebral bone meal/PVA nonporous bone plate. Porosity, morphology, water absorption rate and mechanical properties of different scaffolds were detected. Three kinds of scaffolds were all used to culture bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and cell proliferation ability was detected using cell counting kit-8 at 1, 4, 7 days of culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under scanning electron microscope, the sheep vertebral bone meal/PVA scaffold and nHA/PVA scaffold exhibited regular and interconnected pores with good continuity and clear network structure; the sheep vertebral bone meal/PVA nonporous bone plate had no obvious pores; however, it had dense and evenly distributed micropores with different sizes on its surface. The porosity of nHA/PVA scaffold was lower than that of the sheep vertebral bone meal/PVA scaffold (P < 0.05). The water absorption rate was highest for the nHA/PVA scaffold followed by the sheep vertebral bone meal/PVA scaffold and the sheep vertebral bone meal/PVA nonporous bone plate (P < 0.05). In contrast, the scaffold toughness was highest for the sheep vertebral bone meal/PVA nonporous bone plate, followed by the sheep vertebral bone meal/PVA scaffold and nHA/PVA scaffold. In addition, the cell proliferation activity of cells cultured on the sheep vertebral bone meal/PVA scaffold was significantly higher than that cultured on the other two kinds of scaffolds. Taken together, the 3D printing sheep vertebral bone/PVA scaffold has good physical and chemical performance.     

骨组织工程三维复合支架修复兔桡骨骨缺损

背景：前期实验构建的丝素/壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石复合支架具有良好的理化性质。 目的：观察丝素/壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石三维复合支架修复兔桡骨大段骨缺损的效果。 方法：取新西兰大白兔36只,建立右侧桡骨长段骨缺损模型,随机均分为3组,实验组于骨缺损处植入丝素/壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石复合支架,对照组于骨缺损处植入丝素/壳聚糖复合支架,空白对照组造模后不作任何处理。术后4,8,12,16周进行X射线摄片、标本大体观察、组织病理学观察。 结果与结论：术后16周,实验组缺损区X射线影像与正常骨组织无区别,骨髓腔完全再通,有明显的骨组织生成,苏木精-伊红染色可见骨小梁和较多核深染的长梭形骨细胞;对照组X射线骨密度影略低于正常骨组织,部分骨髓腔再通,苏木精-伊红染色可见骨细胞周围有不少软骨细胞,未见明显的骨小梁或骨板结构,排列较紊乱;空白对照组断端骨钙化影同正常骨组织一致,断端各自封闭形成骨不连,苏木精-伊红染色可见较多的纤维组织和少量的类骨组织。表明丝素/壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石三维复合支架可较好地修复兔桡骨大段骨缺损。     

纳米羟基磷灰石纤维蛋白凝胶复合重组人成骨蛋白1修复骨缺损

背景：纳米级的羟基磷灰石纤维蛋白凝胶材料与人体内组织成分更为相似,具有良好的生物与力学性能,但缺乏骨诱导作用。 目的：观察纳米羟基磷灰石纤维蛋白凝胶/重组人成骨蛋白1复合人工骨的骨缺损修复能力。 方法：制备新西兰大白兔单侧桡骨缺损模型后,以数字表法随机分为3组,分别植入不同材料行骨缺损修复：纳米羟基磷灰石纤维蛋白凝胶/重组人成骨蛋白1人工骨组、纳米羟基磷灰石/纤维蛋白凝胶组、空白对照组(未植入任何材料)。术后4,8,12周行大体标本观察、X射线、扫描电镜、放射性核素骨扫描及生物力学测试,比较各组材料修复骨缺损的能力。 结果与结论：术后4,8,12周,纳米羟基磷灰石纤维蛋白凝胶/重组人成骨蛋白1人工骨组X射线评分、成骨效果、放射性核素聚集强度、生物力学强度均高于纳米羟基磷灰石/纤维蛋白凝胶组(P < 0.05)。空白对照组骨缺损区无骨性连接,骨端硬化,骨缺损未能修复。说明纳米羟基磷灰石纤维蛋白凝胶/重组人成骨蛋白1复合人工骨具有良好的骨缺损修复能力,有望成为一种理想的骨缺损修复材料。     

The effect of decellularized bone/bone marrow produced by high-hydrostatic pressurization on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

Decellularized bone/bone marrow was prepared to provide a microenvironment mimicking that of the bone marrow for three-dimensional culture in vitro. Bone/bone marrows were hydrostatically pressed at 980 MPa at 30 °C for 10 min to dismantle the cells. Then, they were washed with EGM-2 and further treated in an 80% EtOH to remove the cell debris and lipid, respectively. After being rinsed and shaken with PBS again, treated bone/bone marrows were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H-E) to assess the efficacy of decellularization. Cells were determined to have been completely removed through H-E staining of their sections and DNA quantification. Rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) were seeded on the decellularized bone/bone marrows and cultured for 21 days. The adhesion of rMSCs on or into decellularized bone/bone marrows was confirmed and proliferated over time in culture. The osteogenic differentiation effect of decellularized bone/bone marrows on rMSCs in the presence or absence of dexamethasone was investigated. Decellularized bone/bone marrows without dexamethasone significantly increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, indicating promoted osteogenic differentiation of rMSCs. In an animal study, when decellularized bone/bone marrows were implanted into the rat subcutaneous, no immune reaction occurred and clusters of the hematopoietic cells could be observed, suggesting the decellularized bone/bone marrows can provide a microenvironment in vivo.     

骨髓间充质细胞复合胶原-壳聚糖材料联合骨搬移修复胫骨缺损：随机对照实验方案

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞发挥成骨作用需要支架材料的辅助,一方面支架材料不仅可将细胞运载至骨缺损区域,另一方面还可作为新骨生长的框架结构。胶原-壳聚糖复合材料是骨组织工程较为理想的支架材料之一,同时其具有骨诱导性,比常规支架材料更优越的成骨能力。骨搬移技术在临床上在修复长段骨缺损方面已得到广泛应用,但也存在成骨慢、外固定时间长、骨不连等缺憾。如何进一步加快骨形成速度,减少并发症发生,已成当前亟待解决的问题。实验假设：骨髓间充质干细胞复合胶原-壳聚糖支架移植能提高胫骨缺损骨搬移修复效果。 方法/设计：随机对照动物实验。分为体外和体内实验两部分。体外实验中取月龄一两个月的新西兰大白兔股骨骨髓,提取骨髓间充质干细胞,培养至第3代,将细胞悬液滴于胶原-壳聚糖支架材料,构建骨髓间充质干细胞复合胶原-壳聚糖支架。体内实验选用24只三四月龄新西兰大白兔,被随机分配接受如下干预：骨搬移、支架植入、骨搬移联合支架植入。研究的主要观察指标为植入材料与骨缺损界面的生长情况、X射线检测的缺损区骨修复情况、苏木精-伊红染色及扫描电镜观察缺损区成骨情况、免疫组织化学染色检测成骨区Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的表达情况、扫描电子显微镜观察移植材料与宿主骨的界面键合情况、超微结构及新骨的生成。 讨论：实验结果将有助于确定对骨缺损进行骨搬移治疗过程中,应用骨髓间充质干细胞复合胶原-壳聚糖支架移植促进骨缺损再生修复效果的可行性。 实验方案获基金支持情况：获辽宁省科学技术计划项目资助(2012225019)。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

梯度复合羟基磷灰石/二氧化锆组织工程骨：应用现状及进展

BACKGROUND: Porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite, which can adhere to a variety of cells, such as osteoblasts, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes, can induce and promote fracture healing or replace bone defects. OBJECTIVE: To review the development and application of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite in bone tissue engineering. METHODS: Articles related to porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite in bone tissue engineering were retrieved in CNKI and PubMed databases (1971-01/2014-12). The key words were “porous bioceramic, bone tissue engineering, bone morphogenetic protein-2, induced pluripotent stem cells” in Chinese and English, respectively. A total of 54 articles based on inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria were obtained for the review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite can provide a scaffold to induce naturally forming bone growing to fill the three-dimensional pores, thus realizing the perfect integration of tissue-engineered bone material and host-bone tissue. As zirconia functions as an enhancer of hydroxyapatite, high-quality artificial bone materials, which have elastic modulus, fracture toughness and structure similar to human bone, can be prepared by adjusting the proportion and porosity of materials. Additionally, the new hydroxyapatite/zirconia foamed ceramics as tissue-engineered bone carrying bone morphogenetic protein-2/chitosan gel sustained release system and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells will be expected to increase bone formation and bone fusion rates significantly in the future.     

New concept of 3D printed bone clip (polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite/silk composite) for internal fixation of bone fractures

Abstract

Open reduction with internal fixation is commonly used for the treatment of bone fractures. However, postoperative infection associated with internal fixation devices (intramedullary nails, plates, and screws) remains a significant complication, and it is technically difficult to fix multiple fragmented bony fractures using internal fixation devices. In addition, drilling in the bone to install devices can lead to secondary fracture, bone necrosis associated with postoperative infection. In this study, we developed bone clip type internal fixation device using three- dimensional (3D) printing technology. Standard 3D model of the bone clip was generated based on computed tomography (CT) scan of the femur in the rat. Polylacticacid (PLA), hydroxyapatite (HA), and silk were used for bone clip material. The purpose of this study was to characterize 3D printed PLA, PLA/HA, and PLA/HA/Silk composite bone clip and evaluate the feasibility of these bone clips as an internal fixation device. Based on the results, PLA/HA/Silk composite bone clip showed similar mechanical property, and superior biocompatibility compared to other types of the bone clip. PLA/HA/Silk composite bone clip demonstrated excellent alignment of the bony segments across the femur fracture site with well-positioned bone clip in an animal study. Our 3D printed bone clips have several advantages: (1) relatively noninvasive (drilling in the bone is not necessary), (2) patient-specific design (3) mechanically stable device, and (4) it provides high biocompatibility. Therefore, we suggest that our 3D printed PLA/HA/Silk composite bone clip is a possible internal fixation device.     

人体下颈椎显微骨硬度体外测量的实验研究

目的 探讨人体下颈椎C₃~C₇椎骨显微骨硬度的分布特征及其临床意义。方法 3具新鲜成人尸体标本,分别为62岁男性(标本A)、45岁女性(标本B)、58岁男性(标本C),由河北医科大学解剖学教研室提供。取其下颈椎C₃~C₇段脊柱,剔除附着软组织。每个椎骨分为椎体区和附件区两部分,使用高精慢速锯分别经椎体中部垂直于椎体上下终板、右侧椎弓根长轴、左侧上下关节突长轴切割3 mm厚骨切片各1片, 并用砂纸打磨,15块椎骨共制成45片骨切片。应用维氏显微硬度测量仪测量骨组织切片不同区域皮质骨和松质骨的显微硬度值,每一个区域选取5个有效显微骨硬度值,全体有效值的平均值作为该区域的硬度值。结果 15块椎骨共计获得825个有效显微骨硬度测量值。 C₃~C₇总体骨硬度值为11.10～47.80 HV,其中皮质骨为(26.04±4.84) HV、松质骨为(22.92±4.78) HV。椎体区皮质骨硬度值为(25.46±4.86) HV、松质骨硬度值为(21.10±4.97) HV,附件区皮质骨硬度值为(26.50±4.78) HV、松质骨硬度值为(24.75±3.80) HV,附件区高于椎体区,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.800、4.978, P值均＜0.05)。3具尸体标本各自的下颈椎在不同部位的骨显微硬度值不同,但椎体区的皮质骨与松质骨骨硬度值均低于附件标本的皮质骨与松质骨骨硬度,其中松质骨之间的差异均有统计学意义(t_A=4.316、t_B=2.364、t_C=2.107, P值均＜0.05);而皮质骨中,仅标本B的差异有统计学意义(t=2.498,P＜0.05)。C₃~C₇各椎骨不同部位的硬度值分布规律与总体一致:椎体区的骨硬度值均低于附件区;其中C₃、C₅、C₆、C₇松质骨的骨硬度值差异具有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。 附件分区中,上关节突皮质骨骨硬度低于椎弓根、椎板、横突、下关节突皮质骨骨硬度,差异具有统计学意义(F=8.590, P＜0.05);椎体分区中,下终板皮质骨骨硬度高于上终板和外周终板皮质骨骨硬度,差异具有统计学意义(F=16.365, P＜0.05)。结论 下颈椎椎骨不同部位、不同区域的骨显微硬度存在差异,附件区的皮质骨/松质骨骨硬度分别高于椎体区的皮质骨/松质骨骨硬度。该分布规律是人体活动过程中适应应力应变的生理改变,可以为三维有限元分析、3D打印及术前模拟提供数据支持。     

Combination of BMP-2-releasing gelatin/β-TCP sponges with autologous bone marrow for bone regeneration of X-ray-irradiated rabbit ulnar defects

The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of gelatin sponges incorporating β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) granules (gelatin/β-TCP sponges) to enhance bone regeneration at a segmental ulnar defect of rabbits with X-ray irradiation. After X-ray irradiation of the ulnar bone, segmental critical-sized defects of 20-mm length were created, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-releasing gelatin/β-TCP sponges with or without autologous bone marrow were applied to the defects to evaluate bone regeneration. Both gelatin/β-TCP sponges containing autologous bone marrow and BMP-2-releasing sponges enhanced bone regeneration at the ulna defect to a significantly greater extent than the empty sponges (control). However, in the X-ray-irradiated bone, the bone regeneration either by autologous bone marrow or BMP-2 was inhibited. When combined with autologous bone marrow, the BMP-2 exhibited significantly high osteoinductivity, irrespective of the X-ray irradiation. The bone mineral content at the ulna defect was similar to that of the intact bone. It is concluded that the combination of bone marrow with the BMP-2-releasing gelatin/β-TCP sponge is a promising technique to induce bone regeneration at segmental bone defects after X-ray irradiation.     

骨水泥加固椎弓根螺钉的生物力学特性

背景：由于骨质原因及结构特点导致椎弓根螺钉经常出现把持力下降,从而发生松动、拔出,导致内固定失败,因此提高椎弓根螺钉的稳定性显得尤为重要。 目的：检测可注射骨水泥空心椎弓根螺钉椎弓根螺钉生物力学稳定性,为优化骨水泥使用量提供参考。 方法：选取7具新鲜成人尸体T₁₁-L₄椎体标本共40个椎体,随机分为可注射骨水泥空心椎弓根螺钉及DTPS^TM椎弓根螺钉组,各20个,置钉后分别注入1,2,3,5 mL骨水泥,通过影像学观察骨水泥弥散分布情况,并测得最大轴向拔出力进行比较。 结果与结论：骨水泥用量为1-3 mL时,可注射骨水泥空心椎弓根螺钉组螺钉平均最大轴向拔出力显著高于DTPS^TM组(P < 0.05)。骨水泥用量为5 mL时,2组平均最大轴向拔出力差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。可注射骨水泥空心椎弓根螺钉组的直线回归方程为Y=25.269X+133.681(R²=0.837),DTPS^TM椎弓根螺钉组的直线回归方程为Y=32.039X+99.251(R²=0.936)。骨水泥用量在1-5 mL时,2组螺钉最大轴向拔出力与骨水泥量高度正相关(|R| > 0.8)。说明骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉可显著提高螺钉稳定性,椎弓根螺钉最大轴向拔出力与骨水泥使用量呈高度正相关,可注射骨水泥空心椎弓根螺钉在达到满意的内固定强化效果同时,减少骨水泥使用量,降低了骨水泥泄漏风险,相比DTPS^TM椎弓根螺钉更具有优势。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程