HPLC法测定不同产地酸枣仁中酸枣仁皂苷A的含量

目的：采用HPLC法测定不同产地酸枣仁中酸枣仁皂苷A的含量,并客观比较不同产地药材的质量。方法：用高效液相色谱法,使用Kromasil C18色谱柱（4．6mm×150mm,5μm）;流动相：乙腈-水（30：70）,检测波长204nm,流速0．8mL/min,柱温25℃。结果：6个产地酸枣仁中酸枣仁皂苷A含量为0．5372％-0．0731％,不同产地酸枣仁中酸枣仁皂苷A含量有差异。结论：6个不同产地酸枣仁中酸枣仁皂苷A含量均符合药典标准,其中陕西延安产区的酸枣仁药材质量较其他产地相比较好。     

气相色谱法测定新疆昆仑雪菊挥发油中柠檬烯的含量

目的建立新疆昆仑雪菊中柠檬烯含量的测定方法。方法采用气相色谱法,Rtx-5石英毛细管柱（30m×0．25mm,0．25μm）;程序升温：50℃保持5min,以10℃／min升至230℃,保持10min;载气流量：18．30mL／min;柱压：100kPa;进样口温度：250℃;分流比：10：1;进样量：1μL。结果柠檬烯在41.90～251．40μg／mL范围内线性关系良好（r=0．9996,n=6）,平均回收率为102．72％,RSD为1．35％（n=9）。结论本实验方法可靠,重复性好,专属性强．可用于雪菊挥发油中柠檬烯的含量测定,以控制雪菊挥发油的质量。     

不同产地中药大蓟黄酮类化学成分的HPLO分析

目的测定不同产地中药大蓟中蒙花苷、木樨草素、芹菜素三种黄酮的含量。方法采用高效液相色谱法，ZORBAXSB-C18拄。流动相为乙腈-2％冰醋酸。梯度洗脱，检测波长330nm。结果蒙花苷、木樨草素、芹菜素三种黄酮在1-30μgmL^-1范围内，线性关系良好。平均加样回收率分别为99．4％（n=5）。KSD=0．3％；102．2％（n=5）。RSD=1．5％；100．5％（n=5），RSD=2．5％。结论 该方法简便、准备、重复性好，可用于测定大蓟中蒙花苷、木樨草素、芹菜素三种黄酮的含量。     

远志主产区药材中远志皂苷元和多糖量的比较

目的 对远志主产区山西、陕西和河北的不同产地栽培远志的药材品质进行比较。方法 采用高效液相色谱法和分光光度法对主产区不同产地栽培远志药材中的皂苷元和多糖量进行测定。结果 多重比较分析结果表明,主产区不同产地远志药材中的皂苷元和多糖量差异显著,各地远志药材的质量存在较大差异。从皂苷元和多糖的量综合分析,山西闻喜、新绛的量都处于较高水平,而平遥和运城两地的皂苷元和多糖的量都处于较低水平。结论 主产区不同产地的远志药材皂苷元和多糖的量差异显著。     

紫外分光光度法测定蒙药草苁蓉中多糖的含量

目的：建立草苁蓉中多糖的含量测定方法。方法：采用紫外分光光度法测定不同产地草苁蓉中多糖的含量。结果：在最大吸收波长490nm处测吸光度，线性范围1．4μg／mL～13．0μg／mL内，r=0．9992，平均回收率为96．1％，RSD为0．2％（n=5）。结论：该方法简单方便、准确可靠，可以用来测定草苁蓉中多糖的含量。     

分光光度法测定新疆昆仑雪菊中总黄酮的含量

目的 建立一种简单、快速的方法,测定昆仑雪菊中总黄酮的含量,以期为昆仑雪菊质量控制和开发利用提供科学依据.方法 以芦丁为标准品,采用分光光度法测定新疆昆仑雪菊中总黄酮的含量.结果 芦丁浓度与吸光度的线性关系方程为:A=0.011 09C+0.010 12 (r=0.999 7),表明芦丁在21.340～59.752 μg/ml范围内线性关系良好,测得雪菊中总黄酮的含量为12.28%.结论 分光光度法简便、可靠、准确.可作为新疆昆仑雪菊中总黄酮的含量测定方法.     

鹿鞭商品中总多糖含量测定

目的建立鹿鞭药材中总多糖含量测定方法,以评价不同产地的鹿鞭药材质量。方法采用乙醚脱脂水提取后,苯酚-硫酸显色,采用分光光度法,测定两个品种、10个不同产地的鹿鞭药材中的总多糖含量。结果样品中总多糖含量以葡萄糖计的回归方程Y=0．0209X-0.2007（r=0．9991）,线性范围在0～50μg,RSD=17％,平均回收率为101.11％。结论采用硫酸-苯酚法测定鹿鞭药材中总多糖含量的方法简便,结果理想,可作为该药材质量控制的方法。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定昆仑雪菊中木犀草素的含量

目的：建立昆仑雪菊中木犀草素的含量测定方法。方法采用反相高效液相色谱法测定,色谱柱：Waters XBridge C18（4．6 mm ×250 mm,5μm）,流动相 A：乙腈;B：2％冰醋酸;C：水;梯度洗脱程序：0 min,A∶B （15∶85）;10 min,A∶B （20∶80）;15 min,A∶B（35∶65）;30 min,A∶B（15∶85）,柱温35℃,检测波长350 nm,流速1．0 mL/min。结果木犀草素在0．1～1．0μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好（r ＝0．9999）,平均回收率为94．90％,RSD为0．69％。结论该方法简便,结果准确,可以用于昆仑雪菊中木犀草素的含量测定。     

穿山龙根茎叶不同生长期薯蓣皂苷元的含量测定

目的：检测不同生长期穿山龙地上部分和地下部分薯蓣皂苷元的含量,以确定其地上部分的开发利用价值。方法：采用RP—HPLC法检测不同生长期穿山龙中薯蓣皂苷元的含量。色谱柱：Discovery C18（250mm×4．6mm×5μm）,流动相：甲醇：水（84：16）,流量：0．8ml／min,柱温：室温,检测波长：203nm。结果：薯蓣皂苷元在0．10-1．0mg／ml浓度范围内线性关系良好（r=0．9999）,平均加样回收率为97．23％,RSD为0．879％（n=5）。地上部分（茎叶果实种子）中薯蓣皂苷元含量在8、9月份较高,分别为2．294％和2．117％;根茎（地下部分）中薯蓣皂苷元含量在9、10月份较高,分别为2．261％和2．576％;结论：穿山龙地上部分采收期应为8、9月份,地下部分采收期应为9、10月份,且地上部分也有较高的开发利用价值。     

HPLC测定山银花药材中常春藤皂苷元的含量

目的建立山银花药材中的常春藤皂苷元含量的测定方法。方法以盐酸一乙醇溶液为水解溶剂,山银花样品加热回流4h,再用三氯甲烷萃取;采用HPLC,以Waters Symmetry C18（150min×4．6mm,5μm）色谱柱,甲醇-0．4％冰醋酸水溶液（80：20）为流动相,流速为1．0mL／min,柱温为30℃,检测波长为210nm,测定常春藤皂苷元含量。结果山银花中常春藤皂苷元的线性范围为2-12μg,平均加样回收率99．O％,RSD为1．9％。不同产地山银花的常春藤皂苷元含量差异较大．湖南隆回野生的含量高达2＋8％,而云南、贵州产的未检出。结论所建立方法操作简便、准确、可靠、重复性好．可用于山银花药材中常春藤皂苷元的含量测定。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.