寓思政教育于人体解剖学课程的教学模式构建与实践

<正>习近平总书记在高校思想政治工作会议上的讲话指出,"高校思想政治教育工作除了思政课程之外,学生在校期间的每门课程都是思政教育的重要组成部分"。基于这一指导思想,本校在解剖教学中借助独特的资源,以"医学人文"和"感恩教育"为核心,充分挖掘与运用专业课程中所蕴含的思想政治教育要素,系统地组织规划各种教学活动,将思政教育与解剖学教学有机结合,在授业(传授专业知识)的同时,     

对高等院校开展思想教育 人文关怀和心理疏导一体化工作的思考

<正>十七大报告曾提出"加强和改进思想政治工作,注重人文关怀和心理疏导"。这一新表述,为我们做好思想政治工作指明了方向,也提出了新的要求。近年来,高校紧紧围绕把思想教育与人文关怀、心理疏导结合起来做、融入实践抓、发挥整     

大学生网络思想政治教育“微”探索

<正>网络给思想政治教育提供了新手段、拓展了新空间,但同时,自由、隐匿、开放、交互的虚拟空间使得思想政治教育的导向功能难以发挥效用[1],网络的"双刃剑"特性决定了网络思想政治教育困境的必然性,已经融入惯常生活的网络必然导致教育根本任务的实现并非一帆风顺。立德树人征途上,网络的"网罗天下"魅力注定网络思想政治教育工作不仅     

人体解剖学课程中融入思想政治教育的路径探索

为贯彻全国高校思想政治工作会议精神,落实立德树人根本任务,济宁医学院人体解剖教研室深入挖掘课程中的思政元素:老师、"无语良师"、生命文化和人体解剖学发展史等。旨在探索人体解剖学课程中融入思想政治教育的路径,使解剖学课程既是一门医学课程,又是一门德育课程。     

结合新医改，拓展医学院校思想政治理论课教学新思路

思想政治教育是医德教育的基础,医药卫生体制改革与对医学生教育培养紧密相连,"新医改"相关原则、政策及目标与医学生的未来发展,包括道德素养,职业选择及职业精神的培养有密切关系。医学院校思想政治理论课教师在拓展教学新思路上可以有新的探索和尝试的空间。医学院校思想政治理论课教师拓展教学新思路,可以借"新医改"进行新路径的选择和探究。     

探索工会在医院管理工作中的新思路

围绕医院工会工作方面的问题.探索工会在医院工作中的新思路.从"发展"新思路,可以在提高全院职工整体素质上下功夫;加强思想教育,提高职工政治素质;拓展医院工会思想政治工作新思路,开创新局面,使思想政治工作创新三个方面改革创新.     

政工干部良好的自身素质与健康和谐社会氛围的开创

深化改革和推进社会主义市场经济的新形势，对政工干部的业务素质提出了更高的要求。政工干部要想卓有成效地开展工作，除具有较高的政治、思想、品德、文化、组织等方面的素质外，还要有良好的业务素质和过硬的基本功。1当向求异的思维——这是政工干部萌发新思路的无形资源思想政治工作是一门科学，它有自身的固有的规律和特点。因为研究的对象是活生生的、感情丰富的人，这就要求政工干部在工作中不能千篇一律，应有多种“套路”，才能有效地做好不同工作对象的思想政治工作。政工干部要思想解放，视野开阔，不因循守旧，善于新的设想、…     

思政元素在组织学与胚胎学教学中的设计及应用

医学院校作为医学教育的主阵地,是培养合格的、高素质"准医生"的重要教育基地,卫生部和教育部联合下发的《关于加强医学教育工作提高医学教育质量的若干意见》(教高[2009] 4号)中就特别指出,医学教育要"德育为先,促进医学生的全面发展","要将德育和职业素质培养列为医学教育人才培养的重要内容"[1].随着医学模式由生物医学模式向生物-心理-社会医学模式的转变,医学教育不仅包括教授专业的医学知识和技术,更重要的是培养医学生社会责任感和良好职业道德观念.因此,医学院的思想政治教育至关重要,仅靠思想政治课程的教学是不够的,医学院校亟需通过课程思政教学改革,使高校思想政治教育融入教学过程各个环节,协同培养高素质人才[2].     

组织学与胚胎学课程思政教学探讨

正课程思政以课程为载体,以思政教育为灵魂,将高校思想政治教育融入专业课程教学改革各环节、各方面,通过学科渗透的方式达到思想政治教育的目的,营造以文养人、以德育人环境,实现潜移默化的立德树人,引领学生树立正确的人生观、价值观和世界观,培养具有强烈社会责任感、爱国、自信、敬业和高尚职业道德的新时代高素质人才[1-2]。习总书记强调高校思想政治工作关系着高校"培养什么样的人、如何培养";要坚持把立德树人作为中心环节,把思想政治工作贯穿教育教学全过程,推进教育改革[3-4]。教育部明确提出以立德树人为根本,以理想信念教育为核心,以     

医药学专业《药理学》教学融入课程思政的探索与实践

在"坚持把立德树人作为中心环节,把思想政治工作贯穿教育教学全过程,实现全程育人、全方位育人"的课程思政大背景下,本文立足"寓价值观引导知识传授,全面推进课程思政高质量建设"的理念,以医药相关专业的大学生重点课程《药理学》为例,分析建立《药理学》专业课课程思政的意义,探讨专业课程所富含的思想政治教育素材信息,使学生在学习专业课的同时还接受医药文化爱国教育、职业素养教育以及社会责任感教育等.     

Pain and Effusion and Quadriceps Activation and Strength

Context:

Quadriceps dysfunction is a common consequence of knee joint injury and disease, yet its causes remain elusive.

Objective:

To determine the effects of pain on quadriceps strength and activation and to learn if simultaneous pain and knee joint effusion affect the magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction.

Design:

Crossover study.

Setting:

University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

Fourteen (8 men, 6 women; age = 23.6 ± 4.8 years, height = 170.3 ± 9.16 cm, mass = 72.9 ± 11.84 kg) healthy volunteers.

Intervention(s):

All participants were tested under 4 randomized conditions: normal knee, effused knee, painful knee, and effused and painful knee.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Quadriceps strength (Nm/kg) and activation (central activation ratio) were assessed after each condition was induced.

Results:

Quadriceps strength and activation were highest under the normal knee condition and differed from the 3 experimental knee conditions (P < .05). No differences were noted among the 3 experimental knee conditions for either variable (P > .05).

Conclusions:

Both pain and effusion led to quadriceps dysfunction, but the interaction of the 2 stimuli did not increase the magnitude of the strength or activation deficits. Therefore, pain and effusion can be considered equally potent in eliciting quadriceps inhibition. Given that pain and effusion accompany numerous knee conditions, the prevalence of quadriceps dysfunction is likely high.Key Words: arthrogenic muscle inhibition, central activation failure, voluntary activation, muscles

Key Points

• Knee pain and effusion resulted in arthrogenic muscle inhibition and weakness of the quadriceps.
• The simultaneous presence of pain and effusion did not increase the magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction.
• To reduce arthrogenic muscle inhibition and improve muscle strength, clinicians should employ interventions that target removing both pain and effusion.

Quadriceps weakness is a common consequence of traumatic knee joint injury^1,2 and chronic degenerative knee joint conditions.^3,4 Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI), a neurologic decline in muscle activation, results in quadriceps weakness and hinders rehabilitation by preventing gains in strength.⁵ The inability to reverse AMI and restore muscle function can lead to decreased physical abilities,⁶ biomechanical deficits,⁷ and possibly reinjury.⁵ Furthermore, researchers^8,9 have suggested that quadriceps weakness resulting from AMI may place patients at risk for developing osteoarthritis in the knee. In light of the substantial influence of quadriceps AMI on these clinically relevant outcomes, we need to improve our understanding of the factors that contribute to this neurologic decline in muscle activity so efforts to target and reverse it can be implemented and gains in strength can be achieved more easily.Joint injury and disease are accompanied by numerous sequelae (ie, pain, swelling, tissue damage, inflammation), so ascertaining which one ultimately leads to neurologic muscle dysfunction is difficult. Whereas a joint effusion can result in AMI,^10–12 the effects of pain are less understood despite many clinicians attributing AMI to pain. Using techniques that introduce knee pain without accompanying injury may provide insights into the role of pain in eliciting AMI.The degree of knee joint damage may play a role in the quantity of AMI that manifests. Hurley et al^13,14 demonstrated that quadriceps AMI, measured using an interpolated-twitch technique, was greater in patients with extensive traumatic knee injury (eg, fractured tibial plateau, ruptured medial collateral ligament, and medial meniscectomy) than patients with isolated joint trauma (ie, isolated anterior cruciate ligament [ACL] rupture). Similarly, patients with more knee joint symptoms (ie, greater number of symptoms and increased severity of symptoms) may present with greater magnitudes of quadriceps inhibition. Recently, investigators¹⁵ have suggested that patients with more pain display less quadriceps strength, supporting this tenet. Given that effusion and pain often present simultaneously with joint injuries and diseases, such as ACL injury and osteoarthritis, examining both the isolated and cumulative effects of these sequelae appears warranted to determine if they influence the magnitude of muscle inhibition.Experimental joint-effusion and pain models are safe and effective experimental methods that allow for the isolated examination of their effects on muscle function. The effusion model, whereby sterile saline is injected directly into the knee joint capsule,⁷ produces a clinically relevant magnitude of the joint effusion that may be present with traumatic injury. Effusion is thought to activate group II afferents responding to stretch or pressure,^16–18 which in turn may facilitate group Ib interneurons and result in quadriceps AMI.⁵ The pain model involves injecting hypertonic saline into the infrapatellar fat pad to produce anteromedial knee pain similar to that described in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.¹⁹ Pain is considered to initiate AMI through activation of group III and IV afferents that act as nocioceptors to signal damage or potential damage to joint structures.^16–18 The firing of these afferents then may lead to facilitation of group Ib interneurons, the flexion reflex, or the gamma loop, ultimately resulting in quadriceps inhibition.²⁰ Thus, these models allow us to create symptoms that are associated with knee injury and have the added benefit of providing a way to examine their effects in isolation.Therefore, the purpose of our study was to determine the effects of pain on quadriceps strength and activation and to learn if simultaneous pain and knee joint effusion would affect the magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction. We hypothesized that pain alone would result in quadriceps inhibition and that the magnitude of inhibition would be greater when effusion and pain were present simultaneously.     

即早基因c-fos与脑血管病及学习记忆

即早基因c-fos是广泛存在于原核细胞和真核细胞的高度保守基因.在正常情况下,c-fos基因参与细胞生长、分化、信息传递、学习和记忆等生理过程,而在病理情况下c-fos基因表达及调控变化与多种疾病的发生和发展有关.C-fos在中枢神经系统的某些部位可有基础水平的表达,但表达很低,当受到如脑缺血、脑出血、痫性发作、应激等刺激后,其在数十分钟内做出反应,在对外界刺激-转录耦联的信忠传递过程中起着核内第三信使的重要作用.     

Opportunities and challenges in the prevention and control of cancer and other chronic diseases: children's diet and nutrition and weight and physical activity

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to review the role of behavioral research in disease prevention and control, with a particular emphasis on lifestyle- and behavior-related cancer and chronic disease risk factors--specifically, relationships among diet and nutrition and weight and physical activity with adult cancer, and tracking developmental origins of these health-promoting and health-compromising behaviors from childhood into adulthood. METHOD: After reviewing the background of the field of cancer prevention and control and establishing plausibility for the role of child health behavior in adult cancer risk, studies selected from the pediatric published literature are reviewed. Articles were retrieved, selected, and summarized to illustrate that results from separate but related fields of study are combinable to yield insights into the prevention and control of cancer and other chronic diseases in adulthood through the conduct of nonintervention and intervention research with children in clinical, public health, and other contexts. RESULTS: As illustrated by the evidence presented in this review, there are numerous reasons (biological, psychological, and social), opportunities (school and community, health care, and family settings), and approaches (nonintervention and intervention) to understand and impact behavior change in children's diet and nutrition and weight and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Further development and evaluation of behavioral science intervention protocols conducted with children are necessary to understand the efficacy of these approaches and their public health impact on proximal and distal cancer, cancer-related, and chronic disease outcomes before diffusion. It is clear that more attention should be paid to early life and early developmental phases in cancer prevention.