TLR4、MyD88、NF-κBmRNA在实验性自身免疫性肌炎小鼠淋巴结中的表达及意义

目的:研究TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB mRNA在实验性自身免疫性肌炎小鼠淋巴结中的表达情况,探讨TLR4在肌炎发病中的作用。方法:将30只雌性BALB/c小鼠随机分为5组(每组6只):第1组为正常对照组,其它4组分别为肌炎模型1周处理组、2周处理组、3周处理组和4周处理组,后4组均应用肌球蛋白诱导实验性自身免疫性肌炎模型(EAM)。采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测各组小鼠淋巴结TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB mRNA表达水平。结果:(1)与正常小鼠相比,肌炎各组小鼠淋巴结中TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB mRNA表达均有统计学差异,表现为不同程度升高(P<0.01),第3组升高最为显著(P<0.01),第4组较第5组升高(P<0.01);(2)各组淋巴结中TLR4 mRNA表达水平与MyD88 mRNA、NF-κBmRNA表达水平均呈正相关(r=0.906,r=0.967,P<0.01),MyD88 mRNA表达水平与NF-κB mRNA表达水平呈正相关(r=0.919,P<0.01)。结论:TLR4在自身免疫性肌炎发生发展过程中发挥重要作用,且以MyD88依赖型信号途径为主,并通过激活NF-κB促进炎性因子释放。     

布托啡诺抑制TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路对卵巢癌细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭的影响

目的 探讨布托啡诺抑制Toll样受体4(TLR4)/髓样分化因子88(MyD88)/核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路对卵巢癌细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭的影响。方法 实验分组1:(2.5、5.0、10、20、40、80、160、320)μg/mL布托啡诺处理人卵巢癌细胞A2780,计算细胞半数抑制浓度（IC50）。实验分组2：对照组（正常培养）、布托啡诺组（13.24μg/mL布托啡诺）、布托啡诺+LPS组（13.24μg/mL布托啡诺+1μg/mL LPS）,CCK-8检测细胞增殖情况;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况;Transwell检测细胞侵袭和迁移情况;蛋白质免疫印迹检测细胞中TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB蛋白表达情况。结果 细胞IC50为13.24μg/mL。与对照组相比,布托啡诺组细胞OD450水平、迁移和侵袭数量、细胞中TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB蛋白水平降低（P<0.05）,细胞凋亡率升高（P<0.05）;与布托啡诺组相比,布托啡诺+LPS组细胞OD450水平、迁移和侵袭数量、细胞中TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB蛋白水平升高（P<0.05）,细胞凋...     

TLR4／NF-κB信号通路在SiO2所致矽肺模型肺泡巨噬细胞脂质代谢调控中的作用#br#

目的 探讨Toll样受体4（Toll like receptor 4,TLR4）/核转录因子κB（nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB）通路在二氧化硅（SiO2）所致大鼠矽肺模型肺泡巨噬细胞的脂质代谢中的作用。 方法 按随机数字表法将36只SD大鼠分为正常组、模型组、抑制剂组。模型组、抑制剂组采用一次性气管内缓慢滴注1 mL SiO2悬浮液进行造模。造模成功后抑制剂组大鼠每天定时耳缘静脉注射TAK-242（TLR4/NF-κB信号特异性抑制剂）,剂量为0.5 mg/kg,正常组和模型组注射等剂量生理盐水。4周后处死大鼠收集支气管灌洗液（bronchial lavage fluid,BALF）,ELISA测定各组大鼠BALF中白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的含量;提取BALF中的肺泡巨噬细胞进行培养,油红O染色观察各组大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞的脂滴形成;Western blot检测各组肺泡巨噬细胞中TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB的表达水平。 结果 与正常组相比,模型组、抑制剂组大鼠BALF中IL-6和TNF-α的含量,巨噬细胞中油红O阳性比例,巨噬细胞中TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB的表达升高,差异具有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;与模型组相比,抑制剂组大鼠上述指标降低,差异具有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。 结论 在SiO2所致大鼠矽肺模型中,TLR4/NF-κB信号参与肺泡巨噬细胞的脂质代谢的调控,抑制该信号的表达,能明显抑制矽肺的病理损伤。     

雷帕霉素减轻大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤与TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路相关性

目的观察雷帕霉素对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及对TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路的调节。方法 SD大鼠30只,随机分为三组,每组十只,分别为:假手术组(Sham组)、脑缺血再灌注损伤组(I/R组)和雷帕霉素预处理组(RAP组)。HE染色观察脑组织病理改变,TUNEL检测脑组织凋亡,ELISA检测脑损伤标志物和炎症因子的变化,Western blot检测脑组织TLR4、MyD88和NF-κB蛋白表达。结果雷帕霉素改善缺血再灌注造成的脑组织损伤,改善脑组织损伤造成的细胞凋亡,降低缺血再灌注损伤脑组织脑损伤标志物及炎症因子水平,雷帕霉素降低缺血再灌注损伤脑组织TLR4信号通路相关蛋白表达。结论雷帕霉素减轻大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤与抑制TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路相关。     

川芎嗪抑制TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路减轻子宫内膜异位症大鼠炎症反应北大核心CSCD

目的探讨川芎嗪抑制Toll样受体4(TLR4)/髓样分化因子88(MyD88)/核因子κB(NF-κB)信号通路减轻子宫内膜异位症(EMs)大鼠炎症反应的作用。方法自体子宫移植法构建EMs大鼠模型,随机分为EMs组、川芎嗪(低、中、高)剂量组、阳性药物组,每组各12只;进行假手术的12只大鼠作为假手术组。游标卡尺测定异位病灶体积,HE染色检测异位内膜组织病理学改变,ELISA检测血清性激素及炎症因子水平,qRT-PCR、Western blot、免疫荧光染色分别检测异位内膜组织中炎症因子mRNA表达、TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白表达及NF-κB p65入核情况。结果与假手术组比较,EMs组大鼠异位内膜组织出现明显病理损伤,血清雌二醇(E2)、孕激素(P)含量、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素(IL)-1β、IL-6水平及异位内膜组织中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6 mRNA、总蛋白TLR4、MyD88、p-NF-κB p65和核蛋白NF-κB p65表达水平升高,血清促卵泡激素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)含量降低(P<0.05),同时NF-κB p65蛋白大量入核;与EMs组比较,川芎嗪(低、中、高)剂量组和阳性药物组可缓解EMs模型大鼠的上述改变并降低异位病灶体积,且川芎嗪高剂量组和阳性药物组对EMs大鼠的作用效果较好且相近。结论川芎嗪可能通过抑制TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路激活减轻EMs大鼠炎症反应。     

基于TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路观察维生素D3对大鼠炎症性肠病的改善作用

目的 基于Toll样受体4/髓样分化因子88/核转录因子κB（TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB）信号通路观察维生素D3（VD₃ ）对大鼠炎症性肠病（IBD）的改善作用。方法 选取32只大鼠随机分为对照组（Control组）、模型组（Model组）、低浓度VD₃ 组（VD₃ low组）、高浓度VD₃ 组（VD₃ high组）。采用3%右旋葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS）建立大鼠IBD模型,分别给予不同浓度VD₃ 干预。造模结束后计算大鼠疾病活动指数（DAI）得分并测量结肠长度;行HE染色及结肠组织病理学评分;qRT-PCR、Western blot及免疫组化检测TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB p65 mRNA和蛋白表达水平;ELISA检测血清促炎因子肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素1β（IL-1β）、白介素6（IL-6）、抗炎因子白介素10（IL-10）含量。结果 与Control组相比,Model组DAI评分、TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB p65 mRN...     

大补脾汤联合奥沙利铂对胃癌荷瘤小鼠瘤组织TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路及下游相关分子的影响北大核心CSCD

目的:研究大补脾汤联合奥沙利铂对胃癌荷瘤小鼠瘤组织TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路及下游相关分子的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:采用昆明小鼠建立胃癌荷瘤模型,造模成功后将小鼠随机分为5组:模型组、奥沙利铂组(10 mg/kg)、大补脾汤高、中、低剂量(21.58、10.79、5.40 g/kg)联合奥沙利铂组,每组10只。造模成功后开始给药,连续给药14 d;末次给药后次日眼球取血,处死小鼠,摘取肿瘤组织称重,计算抑瘤率;采用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色后观察瘤组织形态,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-qPCR)、免疫组化法(IHC)和Western blot分别检测小鼠肿瘤组织中Toll样受体4(TLR4)、髓样分化因子88(MyD88)、肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6(TRAF6)和核因子κB(NF-κB)mRNA和蛋白相对表达,采用RT-qPCR检测小鼠肿瘤组织中TNF-α和IL-6 mRNA相对表达。结果:奥沙利铂组、大补脾汤高、中、低剂量联合奥沙利铂组瘤质量均较模型组显著降低(P<0.01),抑瘤率分别为37.12%、49.48%、42.10%、40.65%,大补脾汤高剂量联合奥沙利铂组与奥沙利铂组相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);HE结果显示:与模型组相比,各给药组能明显降低肿瘤细胞密度,引起肿瘤细胞坏死;与模型组相比,各给药组肿瘤组织中TLR4、MyD88、TRAF6和NF-κB p65 mRNA和蛋白相对表达均显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.05);与奥沙利铂组相比,大补脾汤高、中剂量联合奥沙利铂组肿瘤组织中TLR4、MyD88、TRAF6和NF-κB p65 mRNA和蛋白相对表达均显著降低(P<0.05);与模型组相比,各给药组肿瘤组织中TNF-α和IL-6 mRNA相对表达均显著降低(P<0.01);与奥沙利铂组相比,大补脾汤高剂量联合奥沙利铂组肿瘤组织中TNF-α和IL-6 mRNA相对表达均显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:大补脾汤可通过抑制TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路下调下游炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6的表达,调节免疫微环境,发挥抗肿瘤作用,抑制胃癌发生发展。     

贞芪扶正胶囊介导TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路抑制慢性湿疹小鼠炎症反应

目的 探讨贞芪扶正胶囊对慢性湿疹小鼠炎症反应的抑制作用.方法 SPF级C57BL/6小鼠30只,按随机数字表法随机分为对照组(control组)、模型组(CAD组)与贞芪扶正胶囊组(ZQFZ组).观察各组小鼠双耳肿胀程度、双耳变应评分;HE染色观察病灶处皮肤病理学变化;ELISA法检测血清炎性因子TNF-α、IL-6及IL-1β水平;RT-PCR检测皮肤中TNF-α、IL-6及IL-1β mRNA表达;Western blot检测TLR4、MyD88及NF-κB蛋白表达;RT-PCR检测皮肤中TLR4、MyD88及NF-κB mRNA表达.结果 ZQFZ可以显著改善小鼠双耳肿胀程度,降低小鼠双耳变应评分(P＜0.05);减轻小鼠皮肤炎症浸润并降低血浆及皮肤中TNF-α、IL-6及IL-1β蛋白与mRNA表达(P＜0.05);同时ZQFZ还可显著下调小鼠皮肤组织中TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB蛋白与mRNA表达(P＜0.05).结论 贞芪扶正胶囊可以通过抑制炎性反应达到治疗慢性湿疹作用,其作用机制可能与其调控TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路有关.     

瓜子金皂苷己对大鼠感染性早产的治疗作用及机制

目的 探究瓜子金皂苷己对大鼠感染性早产的治疗作用及可能机制。方法 雌雄大鼠以2:1合笼饲养,妊娠后,采用随机数字表法将孕鼠分为对照组（Control组）、感染性早产组（LPS组）、瓜子金皂苷己低剂量组（PGSF-L组）和瓜子金皂苷己高剂量组（PGSF-H组）,每组10只。HE染色观察子宫组织形态学变化;ELISA方法检测血清炎症因子和氧化应激因子水平;Western blot检测子宫组织TLR4、MyD88和NF-κB蛋白表达。结果 瓜子金皂苷己能增加感染性早产大鼠妊娠潜伏期,改善子宫组织形态,降低血清炎症因子和氧化应激因子水平,抑制子宫组织TLR4、MyD88和NF-κB蛋白表达。结论 瓜子金皂苷己能够减少大鼠感染性早产的发生,其作用机制可能与TLR4/NF-κB通路有关。     

干扰素-γ水平影响系统性红斑狼疮小鼠体TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB p65信号通路的初步研究

目的 探究干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)水平对系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)小鼠体内Toll样受体9/髓样分化因子88/核因子κB亚基p65(TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB p65)信号通路的影响.方法 将30只SLE MRL/lpr小鼠随机分为模型组、空质粒组和IFN-γ siRNA组,空质粒组和IFN-γsiRNA组采用活体电转染技术分别转入空质粒、IFN-γsiRNA质粒,并鉴定转染后SLE小鼠外周血IFN-γγ的表达;另取10只C57BL/6小鼠作为正常组,ELISA检测IL-6、TNF-α和自身抗体[抗双链DNA(ds-DNA)抗体、抗组蛋白抗体(IgM)]水平,观察各组小鼠肾组织病理变化及肾功能情况[血清肌酐(SCr)、尿素氮(BUN)],Western blot检测肾组织中TLR9、MyD88、NF-κB p65蛋白表达.结果 与正常组比较,模型组血清IFN-γγ、 IL-6、TNF-α、抗ds-DNA抗体、抗IgM抗体、SCr、BUN、肾组织TLR9、MyD88、NF-κB p65磷酸化水平显著升高(P＜0.05);与模型组比较,IFN-γsiRNA组IFN-γγ、IL-6、TNF-α、抗ds-DNA抗体、抗IgM抗体、SCr、BUN、肾组织TLR9、MyD88、NF-κB p65磷酸化水平显著降低(P＜0.05);但空质粒组与模型组上述指标的比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 转染IFN-γγsiRNA质粒后,可减轻SLE小鼠炎症反应与肾损伤,可能与抑制TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB p65信号通路有关.     

小檗碱对流感病毒感染肺泡巨噬细胞炎性细胞因子的影响及其分子机制研究

目的:探讨小檗碱对流感病毒感染大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞(NR8383)后TNF-α、MCP-1转录、表达的影响及与TLR7介导的MyD88依赖性信号通路的关系。方法:流感病毒感染NR8383细胞1小时后,加入含小檗碱的培养基(终浓度5μg/ml),药物作用后6、12、24小时,ELISA检测细胞上清中TNF-α、MCP-1的含量;24小时,Real time PCR检测细胞内TNF-α、MCP-1的mRNA水平,RT-PCR检测TLR7、MyD88、NF-κB P65 mRNA水平;4、6、24小时,免疫组化法检测NF-κB P65核转位情况,并做半定量分析;24小时,Western blot检测NF-κB P65表达水平。结果:小檗碱抑制了流感病毒感染NR8383细胞后TNF-α、MCP-1的转录和表达(P<0.05),降低了TLR7、MyD88、NF-κB P65 mRNA水平(P<0.05、P<0.05、P<0.01),抑制了流感病毒感染后NF-κB P65的核转位及表达(P<0.01)。结论:小檗碱通过抑制TLR7介导的MyD88依赖性信号通路,抑制了NF-κB P65的核转位及表达,从而减少流感病毒感染巨噬细胞后炎性细胞因子TNF-α、MCP-1的产生,在流感治疗中发挥抗炎作用。     

Salmonid Tollip and MyD88 factors can functionally replace their mammalian orthologues in TLR-mediated trout SAA promoter activation

Many functional details of the piscine Toll-like receptor (TLR) signal-mediated activation of immune defense are still elusive. We used an established reconstitution system of mammalian TLR signaling to examine if this system would allow for pathogen-dependent promoter activation of the serum amyloid A (SAA)-encoding gene from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and if the key mediators MyD88 and Tollip from trout can functionally substitute for their mammalian orthologues. Cells of the established human embryonic kidney line HEK-293 were transiently co-transfected with vectors expressing bovine TLR2 or TLR4 factors and a reporter gene driven by the promoter of the trout SAA gene. Escherichia coli stimulation increased reporter gene expression more than 3-fold. Deletion series and point mutations identified in the proximal SAA promoter a composite overlapping binding site for NF-κB and CEBP factors as crucial for promoter activation. Overexpression of NF-κB p65, but not of p50 or different members of the CEBP factor family proved this factor as an essential driver for SAA expression. Overexpression of a transdominant-negative mutant of the trout MyD88 factor reduced TLR-mediated SAA promoter activation confirming functional conservation of its TIR domain. Overexpression of the Tollip factor from trout also quenched TLR-mediated NF-κB and TLR4-mediated SAA promoter activation. The MyD88 mutant and Tollip expression studies confirm the functional homology of both piscine factors and their mammalian counterparts. We provide for the first time evidence that also the Tollip-mediated negative loop of TLR signaling may be conserved in non-mammalian organisms.     

GEF-H1-RhoA signaling pathway mediates LPS-induced NF-κB transactivation and IL-8 synthesis in endothelial cells

Secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by LPS activated endothelial cells contributes substantially to the pathogenesis of sepsis. However, the mechanism involved in this process is not well understood. In the present study, we determined the roles of GEF-H1 (guanine-nucleotide exchange factor-H1)-RhoA signaling in LPS-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8, CXCL8) production in endothelial cells. First, we observed that GEF-H1 expression was upregulated in a dose- and time-dependent manner as consistent with TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4) expression after LPS stimulation. Afterwards, Clostridium difficile toxin B-10463 (TcdB-10463), an inhibitor of Rho activities, reduced LPS-induced NF-κB phosphorylation. Inhibition of GEF-H1 and RhoA expression reduced LPS-induced NF-κB and p38 phosphorylation. TLR4 knockout blocked LPS-induced activity of RhoA, however, MyD88 knockout did not impair the LPS-induced activity of RhoA. Nevertheless, TLR4 and MyD88 knockout both significantly inhibited transactivation of NF-κB. GEF-H1-RhoA and MyD88 both induced significant changes in NF-κB transactivation and IL-8 synthesis. Co-inhibition of GEF-H1-RhoA and p38 expression produced similar inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NF-κB transactivation and IL-8 synthesis as inhibition of p38 expression alone, thus confirming that activation of p38 was essential for the GEF-H1-RhoA signaling pathway to induce NF-κB transactivation and IL-8 synthesis. Taken together, these results demonstrate that LPS-induced NF-κB activation and IL-8 synthesis in endothelial cells are regulated by the MyD88 pathway and GEF-H1-RhoA pathway.     

黄芪总皂苷对脂多糖诱导的BV2小胶质细胞的抗炎机制

目的:探讨黄芪总皂苷(TAS)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的BV2小胶质细胞炎症损伤的抗炎作用机制.方法:用CCK-8法筛选出对细胞活力无抑制的药物浓度;用浓度为1 mg/L的LPS刺激BV2细胞24 h,建立细胞炎症模型;实验分为正常组、LPS组、高剂量(75 mg/L)TAS组和低剂量(50 mg/L)TAS组;应用流式...     

WDR5在大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤中的作用及机制研究

目的:探讨WDR5基因在肾脏缺血再灌注损伤中的作用及机制.方法:成年雄性SD大鼠48只,按照随机数表法分为对照组、缺血再灌注损伤组(IR组)、药物溶剂组(DMSO组)、WDR5-0103低剂量组(1mg/kg)、WDR5-0103中剂量组(5mg/kg)、WDR5-0103高剂量组(25mg/kg).对照组:仅切除大鼠...     

Effect of chlorogenic acid on LPS-induced proinflammatory signaling in hepatic stellate cells

Objective and design

This study was aimed at investigating the effect of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory signaling in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).

Methods

An immortalized rat HSC line was cultured in vitro and treated with LPS in the absence or presence of CGA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the HSCs was monitored by flow cytometer using DCFH-DA. The protein expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and p-IκB-α were determined by Western blot. The mRNA expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, monocyte chemotactic protein 1(MCP-1), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were detected by RT-PCR. The levels of MCP-1 and IL-6 in the culture supernatant of HSCs were measured by ELISA.

Results

CGA had no effect on expression of TLR4 and MyD88. However, the treatment of CGA can inhibit LPS-induced production of ROS in HSCs. Meanwhile, CGA can inhibit LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB and IκB-α phosphorylation in HSCs, as well as NAC (a ROS scavenger). The mRNA expression and the levels of MCP-1 and IL-6 in the culture supernatant of the HSCs in this study were elevated by LPS stimulation and inhibited by CGA treatment, as well as NAC and PDTC (a NF-κB inhibitor).

Conclusion

Our results indicate that CGA can efficiently inhibit LPS-induced proinflammatory responses in HSCs and the anti-inflammatory effect may be due to the inhibition of LPS/ROS/NF-κB signaling pathway.     

绿茶多酚通过抑制TLR4通路减轻蛛网膜下腔出血大鼠早期脑损伤

目的 探讨绿茶多酚通过抑制TLR4通路对蛛网膜下腔出血大鼠早期脑损伤的影响.方法 建立大鼠蛛网膜下腔出血模型,随机分为模型组、绿茶多酚组、TAK-242(TLR4抑制剂)组、绿茶多酚+TAK-242组,每组12只;另取12只大鼠设为假手术组.药物处理后,对所有大鼠进行神经功能缺损评分,检测各组大鼠脑组织含水量,采用Ev...     

MD-2 regulates LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1beta secretion by a MyD88/NF-κB-dependent pathway in alveolar macrophages cell line

Myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2) is required in the recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and participates in LPS-induced alveolar macrophage (AM) inflammation during acute lung injury (ALI). Activation of the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome aggravates inflammation in LPS-induced ALI. However, there is currently little known about the relationship between MD-2 signaling and the NLRP3 inflammasome. This study showed that NLRP3 expression, IL-1beta (IL-1β) secretion, and pyroptosis were up-regulated after LPS stimulation in the NR8383 AM cell-line. MD-2 gene knock-down reduced LPS-induced mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β secretion in NR8383 cells, and inhibited the MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Conversely, over-expression of MD-2 not only heightened NLRP3, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 protein expression, it also aggravated the LPS-induced inflammatory response. Furthermore, the NF-κB inhibitor SN50 had a beneficial role in decreasing NLRP3 and caspase-1 mRNA and protein expression. The observations suggest that MD-2 helps to regulate LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the inflammatory response in NR8383 cells, and likely does so by affecting MyD88/NF-κB signaling.