长链非编码RNA PCA3对前列腺癌细胞LNCaP增殖和侵袭的影响及其机制的研究

目的 探讨长链非编码RNA PCA3对前列腺癌细胞LNCaP增殖和侵袭的影响并初步分析其机制。方法 将lncRNA PCA3抑制物转染前列腺癌细胞LNCaP,沉默细胞中lncRNA PCA3的表达,分为untreated组（对照组）、si-PCA3组（沉默PCA3）、miR-218 mimics组（转染miR-218模拟物）、si-PCA3+miR-218 inhibitor组（同时沉默PCA3和miR-218）,实时定量PCR检测各组LNCaP细胞lncRNA PCA3、miR-218和Runx2表达,双荧光素酶报告基因实验分别分析lncRNA PCA3和miR-218,miR-218和Runx2的靶向关系,采用CCK-8法检测各组LNCaP细胞增殖能力,Transwell实验检测各组LNCaP细胞侵袭能力,Western blot检测各组LNCaP细胞Runx2蛋白表达。结果 转染PCA3抑制物能够显著降低LNCaP细胞lncRNA PCA3和Runx2的表达,上调miR-218的表达（P<0.05）;转染miR-218模拟物,可以降低Runx2的表达（P<0.05）;同时抑制PCA3和miR-218表达后,Runx2表达无明显变化（P>0.05）,双荧光素酶实验表明lncRNA PCA3可以靶向调控miR-218,miR-218可以靶向调控Runx2。lncRNA PCA3表达抑制后,LNCaP细胞的增殖与侵袭能力显著降低（P<0.05）。结论 抑制lncRNA PCA3可以抑制前列腺癌细胞LNCaP的增殖和侵袭,其机制可能与调控miR-218/Runx2轴表达有关。     

长链非编码RNA HOTAIR对甲状腺癌TPC-1细胞增殖和侵袭的影响及机制的研究

目的 探讨长链非编码RNA HOTAIR对甲状腺癌TPC-1细胞增殖和侵袭的影响及可能机制.方法 体外培养甲状腺癌TPC-1细胞,转染lncRNA HOTAIR干扰序列,应用实时定量PCR检测lncRNA HOTAIR和miR-20b的表达,生物信息学和双荧光素酶报告基因实验分析lncRNA HOTAIR和miR-20b的靶向关系,MTT法检测各组TPC-1细胞增殖能力,Transwell实验检测各组TPC-1细胞的侵袭能力.结果 转染lncRNA HOTAIR干扰序列能够降低TPC-1细胞lncRNA HOTAIR的表达后,上调miR-20b的表达(P＜0.05);沉默lncRNA HOTAIR表达后,TPC-1细胞的增殖与侵袭能力下降(P＜0.05);生物信息学分析及双荧光素酶实验结果显示,lncRNA HOTAIR可以靶向调控miR-20b.结论 沉默lncRNA HOTAIR可以抑制甲状腺癌细胞TPC-1的增殖和侵袭,其机制可能与靶向调控miR-20b表达有关.     

长链非编码RNA ATB靶向miR-144对人黑色素瘤细胞A375增殖与侵袭的影响

目的探讨长链非编码RNA ATB对人黑色素瘤细胞A375增殖与侵袭的影响及可能机制。方法将A375细胞分为untreated组(对照组)、si-NC组(阴性对照组)与si-ATB组(实验组),转染小干扰RNA沉默A375细胞中lncRNA ATB的表达,实时定量PCR方法检测lncRNA ATB与miR-144的表达,双荧光素酶分析验证二者的靶向关系;MTT方法检测A375细胞增殖能力的变化,Tanswell实验检测A375细胞侵袭能力的变化。结果转染小干扰RNA能够显著降低A375细胞中lncRNAATB的表达水平,上调miR-144的表达水平(P0.01),荧光素实验表明lncRNA ATB直接靶向miR-144。沉默lncRNAATB后,A375细胞的增殖与侵袭能力显著降低(P0.01)。结论 lncRNA ATB通过靶向调控miR-144的表达促进人黑色素瘤细胞A375增殖与侵袭。     

长链非编码RNA CCAT1靶向miR-218对子宫内膜癌HEC-1A细胞增殖和侵袭的影响

目的 探索长链非编码RNA CCAT1对子宫内膜癌HEC-1A细胞增殖和侵袭的影响及可能机制。方法 体外培养子宫内膜癌HEC-1A细胞,将lncRNA CCAT1抑制物转染子宫内膜癌HEC-1A细胞,抑制CCAT1表达,实时定量PCR检测各组细胞CCAT1和miR-218的表达,双荧光素酶报告基因实验分析CCAT1和miR-218的靶向关系。CCK-8法检测HEC-1A细胞增殖能力,Transwell实验检测HEC-1A细胞侵袭能力。结果 转染CCAT1抑制物能够显著降低HEC-1A细胞中CCAT1的表达,上调miR-218的表达（P<0.05）;双荧光素酶实验表明CCAT1可直接靶向miR-218。转染CCAT1抑制物后,HEC-1A细胞增殖和侵袭能力下降（P<0.05）。结论 抑制lncRNA CCAT1可以使子宫内膜癌细胞HEC-1A的增殖和侵袭能力下降,其机制可能与上调miR-218的表达有关。     

LncRNA TUG1靶向miR-141-3p影响甲状腺癌细胞的增殖和侵袭

目的 检测LncRNA TUG1在甲状腺癌细胞中的表达,初步探讨LncRNA TUG1对甲状腺癌细胞增殖和侵袭的影响及机制。方法 采用qRT-PCR法检测甲状腺癌B-CPAP、TPC-1细胞株中LncRNA TUG1和miR-141-3p的表达水平,应用生物信息学预测lncRNA TUG1和miR-141-3p的靶向关系,双荧光素酶报告基因实验进行验证。将lncRNA TUG1干扰序列转染TPC-1细胞,应用qRT-PCR法检测lncRNA TUG1和miR-141-3p的表达,MTT法检测各组TPC-1细胞增殖能力,Transwell实验检测各组TPC-1细胞的侵袭能力。结果 与正常甲状腺上皮细胞相比,BCPAP、TPC-1中LncRNA TUG1表达水平明显升高（P<0.05）,miR-141-3p表达水平明显下降（P<0.05）,生物信息学分析及双荧光素酶实验结果显示,lncRNA TUG1可以靶向调控miR-141-3p。转染TUG1干扰序列能够降低TPC-1细胞lncRNA TUG1的表达,上调miR-141-3p的表达（P<0.05）;沉默lncRNA T...     

长链非编码RNA MALAT1靶向miR-570-3p对人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞系SO-Rb50增殖、凋亡和侵袭的调控作用

目的：本文旨在探究长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)肺腺癌转移相关转录子1(MALAT1)对人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞系SO-Rb50增殖、凋亡和侵袭的影响及其机制。方法：通过shRNA沉默lncRNA MALAT1。SO-Rb50细胞分为4组：sh-Ctrl(对照)组,sh-MALAT1组,miR-570 inhibitor组和sh-MALAT1+miR-570 inhibitor组。QRT-PCR检测lncRNA MALAT1和microRNA(miR)-570-3p表达。荧光素实验验证靶向关系。肿瘤成球实验分析细胞增殖能力。流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。Transwell检测细胞侵袭。结果：lncRNA MALAT1负向调控miR-570-3p表达(P<0.05)。荧光素实验表明LncRNA MALAT1可直接靶向miR-570-3p。sh-MALAT1组细胞数目明显少于对照组。miR-570 inhibitor组细胞数目明显多于对照组。但与sh-MALAT1组相比,sh-MALAT1+ miR-570 inhibitor组细胞数目明显升高。sh-MALAT1组细胞凋亡率明显高于对照组。MiR-570 inhibitor组细胞凋亡率明显低于对照组。Sh-MALAT1+ miR-570 inhibitor组细胞凋亡率则明显低于sh-MALAT1组。与对照组相比,sh-MALAT1组平均每个视野下侵袭细胞数目明显减少,miR-570 inhibitor组平均每个视野下侵袭细胞数目明显变多。Sh-MALAT1+ miR-570 inhibitor组平均每个视野下侵袭细胞数明显多于sh-MALAT1组。 结论：Sh-MALAT1通过miR-570-3p提高人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞系SO-Rb50凋亡,降低细胞增殖和侵袭。     

miR-129-5p靶向KLK7对卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖和侵袭的影响及分子机制

目的 探讨高表达miR-129-5p对卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖和侵袭的影响及分子机制。方法 采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测卵巢癌SKOV3细胞与人正常卵巢上皮细胞株中miR-129-5p的表达。在卵巢癌SKOV3细胞中瞬时转染miR-129-5p模拟物及无意义序列,采用CCK8法及Transwell实验检测各组细胞的增殖能力和侵袭能力;实时荧光定量PCR检测miR-129-5p和KLK7的相对表达水平;Western blot检测各组细胞中KLK7蛋白表达;Targetscan 7.2和双荧光素酶实验分析miR-129-5p与KLK7的靶向关系。结果 miR-129-5p在卵巢癌SKOV3细胞中的表达低于人正常卵巢上皮细胞(P<0.05),过表达miR-129-5p降低SKOV3细胞中KLK7 mRNA和蛋白的表达,Targetscan 7.2网站分析及双荧光素酶实验证实KLK7为miR-129-5p的靶基因,过表达miR-129-5p抑制SKOV3细胞增殖和侵袭能力(P<0.05)。结论 过表达miR-129-5p可通过靶向调控KLK7抑制卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖和侵袭。     

miR-129-5p靶向HMGB1对卵巢癌细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的影响及分子机制

为探讨miR-129-5p对卵巢癌(ovarian cancer,OC)细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的影响及分子机制,qRT-PCR检测不同OC细胞株和正常人卵巢上皮细胞株中miR-129-5p的表达水平;在SKOV3细胞中分别转染miR-129-5p模拟物或无关序列,qRT-PCR检测转染后细胞中miR-129-5p的表达情况。生物信息学软件TargetScan预测miR-129-5p与高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group box 1 protein, HMGB1)基因靶向结合位点,qRT-PCR、Western blotting和双荧光素酶报告基因实验分析miR-129-5p对HMGB1的靶向调控作用。分别采用MTT和Transwell实验检测SKOV3细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移能力。将miR-129-5p模拟物和HMGB1 siRNA或siRNA Control共转染至SKOV3细胞,MTT和Transwell实验检测其对细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移能力的影响。结果显示,SKOV3细胞中miR-129-5p的表达量显著低于正常人卵巢上皮细胞(P0.05)。在SKOV3细胞中转染miR-129-5p模拟物可显著提高miR-129-5p的表达量(P0.05)。miR-129-5p与HMGB1 3’非翻译区存在靶向结合位点,且过表达miR-129-5p可抑制HMGB1的表达,miR-129-5p模拟物转染后相对荧光素酶活性显著下降(P0.05)。过表达miR-129-5p后,SKOV3细胞增殖能力明显减弱,侵袭和迁移能力明显受到抑制(P0.05)。而转染HMGB1 siRNA后,miR-129-5p模拟物对SKOV3细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的抑制作用明显减弱(P0.05)。以上结果表明miR-129-5p通过靶向调控HMGB1的表达抑制SKOV3细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移。     

长链非编码RNA H19对鼻咽癌HNE-1细胞增殖和侵袭的影响及可能机制

目的探讨长链非编码RNA H19(lncRNAH19)对鼻咽癌HNE-1细胞增殖和侵袭的影响以及可能机制。方法 qPCR检测鼻咽癌HNE-1细胞与正常鼻咽上皮细胞NP-69中lncRNA H19与miR-107的表达。CCK-8法检测HNE-1细胞增殖能力的变化,Transwell实验检测HNE-1细胞侵袭能力的变化;采用双荧光素酶报告分析验证lncRNA H19与miR-107的靶向关系。结果与正常鼻咽上皮细胞NP-69相比,lncRNA H19在鼻咽癌HNE-1细胞中的表达水平显著升高,miR-107表达水平显著降低。lncRNA H19-siRNA转染后,HNE-1细胞中lncRNA H19的表达水平降低,miR-107表达水平显著升高,HNE-1细胞的增殖与侵袭能力显著降低。双荧光素酶报告分析结果证实,miR-107是lncRNA H19的下游靶点。结论 lncRNA H19通过靶向调控miR-107调控鼻咽癌HNE-1细胞的增殖与侵袭能力。     

长链非编码RNA NEAT1对人白血病HL-60细胞增殖和侵袭的影响

目的 探索长链非编码RNA NEAT1对白血病HL-60细胞增殖和侵袭的影响,并初步分析其机制。方法 体外培养人白血病HL-60细胞,将lncRNA NEAT1模拟物转染白血病HL-60细胞,高表达NEAT1后,MTT方法检测HL-60细胞增殖能力,Transwell实验检测HL-60细胞侵袭能力。实时定量PCR检测各组细胞NEAT1和miR-181a-5p的表达,双荧光素酶报告基因实验分析NEAT1和miR-181a-5p的靶向关系。结果 转染NEAT1模拟物后,HL-60细胞的增殖和侵袭能力下降（P<0.05）,HL-60细胞中NEAT1的表达升高,miR-181a-5p的表达下降（P<0.05）,双荧光素酶实验表明NEAT1是miR-181a-5p的靶基因。结论高表达lncRNA NEAT1使白血病细胞HL-60的增殖和侵袭能力下降,其机制可能与下调miR-181a-5p表达有关。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction

Eighteen families in which both parents had refractions within the range of +4·0 D to −4·0 D and axial lengths seen in emmetropia (22·3-26·0 mm) showed coefficients of correlation of the order 0·5 indicative of polygenic inheritance. Such coefficients were seen for axial length (0·407) and for the cornea (0·487), but not for the lens (which is known to be yoked to the axial length). No such coefficients were seen in 19 families in which one of the parents had axial length outside the emmetropic range (nine families with long axes and 10 with short axes).

The pattern of polygenic inheritance for emmetropia (completely correlated optical components) and errors of refraction up to 4·0 D (inadequately correlated components: correlation ametropia) follows that seen in stature and other measurable characters. In contrast the high refractive errors with their abnormal axial lengths (component ametropia) are—like the extremes in stature—pathological anomalies with monofactorial inheritance.

     

Aspects of the problem of direct introduction of Standards of International Organizations

Editorial note. This article is published as part of a discussion. Particular issues of the article are disputable. First of all, this concerns the so-called “folder” method of introduction of international standards for medical devices to domestic medical practice (i.e., by direct translation of the standards and their publication as standardizing documents). Nevertheless, at least one of the problems, the problem of coordination between domestic state standards for medical devices and international recommendations of ISO and IEC, is undoubtedly of topical importance. Advancement of new health service legislation which is to be approved by law-makers will definitely introduce corrections into the present situation. The Editorial Board of Meditsinskaya Tekhnika believes this article will lessen these problems and to be welcomed by readers.