X线与CT诊断垂体腺瘤的临床应用价值(附25例分析)

目的：探讨X线与CT对垂体腺瘤的诊断价值。方法：回顾分析经手术和病理证实的18例X线检查和24例CT扫描资料，并对同经X线和CT检查的17例进行对照分析。结果：本组25例中，X线阳性检出率为66．7％(12／18)，CT阳性检出率为95．7％(23／24)。同经X线和CT检查17例中，X线、CT的诊断符合率分别为64．7％(11／17)和94．1(16／17)二者联合应用经手术病理证实诊断符合率为100％。结论：X线检查根据肿瘤引起的蝶鞍骨质改变做诊断，而CT除可观察骨质改变外可直接显示肿瘤的大小、形态、内部结构及其发展方向，两者联合运用，必将提高本病的正确诊断率。     

小儿肠梗阻的腹部X线平片和CT诊断价值分析

目的：分析腹部X线平片和CT对小儿肠梗阻的诊断价值，重点探讨小儿绞窄性肠梗阻的CT表现。材料和方法：收集2002年1月-2004年6月复旦大学附属儿科医院手术证实肠梗阻23例，术前24h均拍摄腹部正侧位X线平片，其中14例行腹部CT扫描。结果：23例肠梗阻术前诊断正确率：腹部X线平片为69．6％（16／23）：CT为100％（14／14）。其中，绞窄性肠梗阻术前诊断正确率：腹部X线平片为38．9％（7／18）；CT为90．9％（10／11）。11例绞窄性肠梗阻的主要CT表现包括：小肠壁增厚9例；CT平扫肠壁密度增高7例和“靶征，，2例；CT增强扫描肠壁强化低于正常者6例，3例延迟扫描强化。肠系膜血管增粗水肿5例，4、肠壁积气4例，腹水6例。结论：CT诊断小儿肠梗阻，特别是显示肠绞窄，较腹部X线平片优越。     

髋臼骨折的X线及CT诊断分析

目的：总结123侧髋臼骨折的Judet-Letoumel分类表现。比较X线平片检查与CT检查在髋臼骨折诊断中的价值。方法：本组患者109例，其中14例为双侧髋臼骨折，共123侧髋臼骨折，全部经手术证实并行X线平片检查，CT检查，其中36例行CT三维重建。由有经验的医师分别单独依据X线资料，单独依据CT检查资料，或依据X线结合CT资料对骨折进行分析并依据Judet-Letoumel分类法分型，然后由2位手术医师共同根据手术中所见作出最终诊断，比较诊断符合情况。同时对髋臼内能否发现碎骨块进行记录比较。结果：单独依据X线平片诊断符合112例(91．1％)，依据CT资料诊断符合114例(92．6％)，依据X线平片与CT结合诊断符合120例(97．6％)。前两组比较无统计学差异，X线平片与CT结合组与前两组比较有显著性差异。对髋臼内骨折碎块判断：本组123例患者中有77例手术发现髋臼内合并有碎骨片，平片发现32例，显示率为41．5％。CT显示73例，显示率为93．6％，两者比较有显著性差异。结论：X线检查与CT检查对于髋臼骨折Judet-Letoumel分类诊断符合率无明显区别，两者结合可提高诊断准确率。CT检查对髋臼内骨折碎块的诊断价值优于X线平片。     

关于恶性胸膜间皮瘤X线诊断的讨论

目的：恶性胸膜间皮瘤在X线、CT检查中的特点。材料与方法：本病20例恶性胸膜间皮瘤患者均经过胸部平片检查及CT检查。结果：胸部X线平片表现为单发的肺内肿块4例，波浪状胸膜肥厚及多发胸膜结节8例。肺内转移及脑转移各1例，胸腔积液6例。结论：胸部X线平片和CT检查，在诊断恶性胸膜间皮瘤中具有相互补充作用。胸部X线平片仍是首选方法。CT在诊断胸部恶性间皮瘤肿瘤侵犯范围方面优干胸部X平片。因此合理的使用CT检查将会使恶性胸膜间皮瘤的诊断更准确。     

乳腺纤维腺瘤的X线诊断

目的：评价乳腺纤维腺瘤的X线诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析30例资料完整的乳腺纤维腺瘤影像征象，30例38个乳腺纤维腺瘤均经手术及病理证实，所有病例均经X线钼靶摄片，且摄取双侧乳腺轴，侧位像，摄片时间除2例绝经妇女处，均在月经周期第10－14天摄片，对4例青春型乳腺X线片未能发现病灶而临床又高度疑为本病者，后经CT扫描检查得以明确诊断。结果：X线平片示22例病灶边界清楚锐利，10个边界部分清楚，2个边界不清，4个经CT扫描显示边界清楚，所有病灶均为中等密度，3个显示有钙化；X线平片及CT显示病灶形态为圆形，类圆形占76．3％（29／38），分叶状占21．1％（8／38），不规则形占2．6％（1／38）。大小界于10－55mm之间，大部分界于10－30mm之间。结论：乳腺纤维腺瘤的影像学检查方法应首选X线钼靶摄影，必要时辅以CT扫描检查。     

儿童纵隔神经母细胞瘤的影像学诊断

目的　探讨儿童纵隔神经母细胞瘤的影像学诊断价值及限度。方法　回顾性分析经手术、病理证实的 8例纵隔神经母细胞瘤的X线平片、B超及CT检查的影像学特征 ,比较它们的作用及限度。结果　X线平片 7例见后纵隔包块 ,提示神经源性肿瘤可能 ;B超 8例均可见纵隔包块 ,6例显示包块内血流丰富 ;CT检查均可见类圆形软组织包块 ,6例见密度混杂 ,内有团片状钙化影。结论　X线平片适于初步的定位诊断 ;B超更适合配合不佳儿童的初步检查 ,并可显示瘤内血供特征 ;CT则为最佳方法 ,不仅可作倾向性定性诊断 ,而且可显示与周围组织的解剖关系。     

多层螺旋CT在异形骨创伤性骨折中的应用价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT不同重建方法在异形骨创伤性骨折中的应用价值。方法23例创伤性骨折病例经常规X线平片检查后，行多层螺旋CT扫描，在工作站进行容积再现及多平面重组，并与CT轴位图像、X线平片比较。由两位有经验的放射科医师共同阅片，以共同意见为准。结果23例创伤性骨折，依据CT轴位扫描及MPR、容积重建技术图像资料共发现骨折35处：常规CT轴位扫描检出34处，检出率97．1％；MPR检出35处；VR检出34处，检出率97．1％；X线平片检出骨折19处，检出率54．3％。结论多层螺旋CT能够显示X线平片难以诊断的异形骨创伤性骨折。     

原发性纵隔肿瘤的CT诊断(附4O例报告)

目的：评价CT对原发性纵隔肿瘤的诊断价值。材料与方法：回顾性分析40例经手术与活俭病理证实的原发性纵隔肿瘤的CT表现，其中胸内甲状腺肿13例，恶性淋巴瘤10例，神经源肿瘤8例，胸腺瘤6例，生殖细胞瘤2例，心包囊肿1例。结果：40例纵隔肿瘤CT定位正确39例，定性正确34例，CT检查对纵隔肿瘤的显示明显优于常规X线检查。结论：CT检查对纵隔肿瘤具有较高的诊断价值，多数肿瘤结合临床和CT扫描可作出明确诊断。     

浅析X线CT诊断腰椎间盘突出症的价值与意义

目的：分析X线CT诊断腰椎间盘突出的临朱价值。方法：1230例疑腰椎间盘突出症经临床观察治疗者．均行CT扫描及X线平片检查。结果：CT检测结果发病年龄主要为青壮年，31岁-40岁占36．1％，好发部位腰4-5，腰5-骶1占69．6％，好发类型以中央后型多见，占57％。以CT检查诊断为标准。X线平片筛查灵敏度78．6％，特异度99．5％，假阳性率(误诊率)0．5％，假阴性率(漏诊率)21．4％，符合率82．4％。结论：腰椎间盘突出症CT检查阳性符合率高且可靠，可明确诊断。X线平片检查乃不失为初次选择检查的必要手段之一，临床症状典型者且与X线征象相吻合者可免去CT检查，减轻病人经济负担和不必要的电离辐射。     

低剂量螺旋CT和X线平片在肺结核诊断中的临床价值分析

目的探讨低剂量螺旋CT扫描技术在肺结核诊断中应用价值。方法对120例肺结核患者分别进行低剂量螺旋CT检查和X线平片检查,比较两种检查方法对肺结核的总体检出情况及对肺结核典型病理特征检出率。结果低剂量螺旋CT检查的诊断符合率明显高于X线平片;而低剂量螺旋CT检查的误诊率和漏诊率则明显低于X线平片,且差异具有统计学意义。低剂量螺旋CT检查对空洞、卫星灶、支气管播散灶、胸膜增厚、淋巴结肿大、少量胸水等肺结核典型病理特征的检出率明显高于X线平片,且差异具有统计学意义。结论低剂量螺旋CT在尽量减少患者受照剂量的前提下,对肺结核的诊断符合率要明显高于X线胸片检查。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）