慢律升颗粒对慢性心律失常模型大鼠血浆环磷酸腺苷和环磷酸鸟苷的影响

目的:研究慢律升颗粒对慢性心律失常模型大鼠血浆环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)、环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)的影响。方法:将30只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、普萘洛尔组、乙酰胆碱组、普萘洛尔联合慢律升组、乙酰胆碱联合慢律升组,每组各6只。对照组大鼠灌胃0.9%氯化钠溶液,普萘洛尔组大鼠灌胃盐酸普萘洛尔,乙酰胆碱组大鼠灌胃乙酰胆碱,普萘洛尔联合慢律升组灌胃普萘洛尔、慢律升颗粒,乙酰胆碱联合慢律升组大鼠灌胃乙酰胆碱、慢律升颗粒。各组大鼠均连续灌胃7 d。治疗后记录各组大鼠的肛温、心率以及血清中cAMP、cGMP水平。结果:与对照组比较,普萘洛尔组、乙酰胆碱组大鼠的肛温均低(均P<0.05),普萘洛尔联合慢律升组、乙酰胆碱联合慢律升组的肛温均高(均P<0.05)。与对照组比较,普萘洛尔组、乙酰胆碱组大鼠的心率均低,普萘洛尔联合慢律升组、乙酰胆碱联合慢律升组的心率均高(均P<0.05)。与对照组比较,普萘洛尔组和乙酰胆碱组大鼠的cAMP均降低,而cGMP均高、cAMP/cGMP比值均低(均P<0.05)。与对照组比较,普萘洛尔联合慢律升组、乙酰胆碱联合慢律升组的cAMP均高、cGMP均低、cAMP/cGMP比值均高(均P<0.05)。结论:慢律升颗粒对普萘洛尔和乙酰胆碱诱导的慢性心律失常模型大鼠的肛温、心率及血清中cAMP、cGMP水平具有良好的改善作用。     

川芎嗪对癫痫模型海马内信号分子的影响

目的:研究戊四氮(pentylenetetrazol,PTZ)点燃癫痫模型大鼠海马内环磷酸腺苷(Cyclic Adenosinemonophosphate,cAMP)、环-磷酸鸟苷(cyclic guanosine monophosphate,cGMP)的变化及川芎嗪(Tetramethylpyrazine,TMP)对其的影响。方法:将实验动物随机分为3组,正常对照组、癫痫模型组、TMP治疗组。采用放射免疫法测定海马内cAMP、cGMP的含量。结果:模型组与正常对照组比,cAMP、cGMP含量明显增加,cAMP/cGMP比值明显减小,差异均具有显著性意义(P<0.01),TMP治疗组与癫痫模型组比,cAMP含量明显增加,cGMP含量则明显减少,cAMP/cGMP比值明显增加,差异均具有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论:川芎嗪抑制癫痫放电作用与其调节海马内cAMP、cGMP含量变化有关。     

电针对吗啡戒断大鼠cAMP、cGMP水平的影响

目的研究电针吗啡戒断大鼠足三里穴对大鼠环磷鸟苷酸(cyclic guanosine3',5'-monophosphate,cGMP)及环磷腺苷酸(cyclic adenosine3',5'-monophosphate,cAMP)含量的影响,探讨电针改善戒断症状作用的可能机制。方法建立吗啡依赖大鼠自然戒断模型,采用放射免疫分析法测定血液、脑组织中cGMP、cAMP含量。结果戒断Ⅰ组大鼠血液cAMP含量增高(P<0.01),cGMP含量明显降低(P<0.01),cAMP/cGMP比值显著增高(P<0.01);戒断Ⅱ组大鼠脑中cGMP、cAMP含量均明显减少(P<0.01);电针组cGMP、cAMP含量接近正常水平。结论电针足三里穴改善大鼠吗啡戒断症状可能与调节cGMP、cAMP系统的相互作用有关。     

川芎嗪对癫痫模型海马内信号分子的影响

目的:研究戊四氮(pentylenetetrazol,PTZ)点燃癫痫模型大鼠海马内环磷腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophos-phate,cAMP)、环-磷酸鸟苷(cyclic guanosine monophosphate,cGMP)的变化及川芎嗪(Tetramethylpyrazine,TMP)对其的影响。方法:将实验动物随机分为3组,正常对照组、癫痫模型组、TMP治疗组。采用放射免疫法测定海马内cAMP、cGMP的含量。结果:模型组与常对照组比,cAMP、cGMP含量明显增加,cAMP/cGMP比值明显减小,差异均具有显著性意义(P<0.01),TMP治疗组与癫痫模型组比,cAMP含量明显增加,cGMP含量则明显减少,cAMP/cGMP比值明显增加,差异均具有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论:川芎嗪抑制癫痫放电作用与其调节海马内cAMP、cGMP含量变化有关。     

补骨脂总香豆素对哮喘大鼠血清cGMP/cGMP的影响

目的观察补骨脂总香豆素对卵蛋白致敏哮喘大鼠血清cAMP/cGMP的影响,探讨其平喘作用机制与cAMP/cGMP相关性。方法哮喘实验动物模型采用卵蛋白过敏性哮喘大鼠;cAMP、cGMP的测定:采用酶联免疫法(ELISA法)。结果卵蛋白致敏哮喘大鼠血清cGMP含量无明显变化,而cAMP含量有降低的趋势;补骨脂各组对哮喘大鼠血清cGMP含量无明显影响,但明显提高哮喘大鼠血清cAMP含量,以补骨脂黑色粘稠物作用最为明显。哮喘大鼠血清cAMP/cGMP比值有降低的趋势,给总香豆素后,血清cAMP/cGMP比值明显增加,其中以补骨脂黑色粘稠物作用最为明显。结论补骨脂总香豆素抗哮喘炎症的作用机制之一,与调节cAMP、cGMP的含量及其比值变化有关。     

5味山姜属中药不同部位对胃溃疡寒证大鼠环核苷酸系统的影响

目的研究高良姜、大高良姜、红豆蔻、草豆蔻、益智仁5味山姜属中药不同部位对胃溃疡寒证大鼠AC、PDE、cAMP、cGMP含量的影响。方法分空白组,模型组,附子理中丸组,西咪替丁组,5味受试药物石油醚部位,乙酸乙酯部位,正丁醇部位,水部位的高低剂量组,使用ELISA法测定胃组织AC、PDE、cAMP、cGMP含量,计算cAMP/cGMP比值。结果与模型组比较,5味山姜属中药石油醚部位和乙酸乙酯部位高剂量组的胃组织AC、cAMP含量及cAMP/cGMP比值均升高(P0.01或P0.05);PDE含量均降低(P0.01或P0.05),各受试组cGMP含量均无显著性差异;各受试组低剂量组的AC、PDE、cAMP、cGMP含量及cAMP/cGMP比值均无显著性差异。结论 5味山姜属中药的石油醚部位和乙酸乙酯部位能显著升高胃组织AC、cAMP含量及cAMP/cGMP比值,降低胃组织PDE含量,说明同属药的药性相类似,可能与其具有相同或类似的物质基础有关。     

总胆汁酸检测在病毒性肝炎中的意义

自 1999年 12月以来 ,笔者对 10 2例病毒性肝炎患者进行了血清总胆汁酸测定 ,现将检测结果分析报道如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 10 2例患者中 ,男 73例 ,女 2 9例 ;年龄18～ 5 9岁 ,平均 38.6岁 ;其中急性肝炎 4 6例 ,慢活肝 2 8例 ,慢迁肝 15例 ,肝硬化 13例。1 2　方法　采用酶学检测方法。2　结　　果急性肝炎、慢活肝、慢迁肝、肝硬化患者血清总胆汁酸含量分别为 ( 2 5 8.3± 71.4 ) μmol/L ,( 16 9.5± 5 1.2 ) μmol/L ,( 34.8±9.2 ) μmol/L ,( 6 7.8± 15 .6 ) μmol/L ,急性肝炎、慢活肝与肝硬化、慢迁肝比较 ,有非…     

督脉铺灸治疗变应性鼻炎及对免疫功能的影响

目的:观察督脉铺灸治疗变应性鼻炎的疗效及对免疫功能的影响。方法:将66例变应性鼻炎患者按随机数字表分为铺灸组34例和中药组32例。铺灸组采用督脉铺灸疗法,每周1次,每次30min,连续治疗2个月。中药组给予中成药玉屏风颗粒剂,每次5g,每日3次,连续治疗2个月。比较两组治疗后的临床疗效,酶联免疫法检测两组血浆白介素(IL)-2、IL-6、环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)、环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)含量,计算cAMP/cGMP比值。结果:铺灸组的总有效率为91.2%(31/34),明显高于药物组的81.3%(26/32,P0.05)。铺灸组及中药组血浆IL-2、IL-6、cGMP较治疗前均有所下降,cAMP较治疗前升高(P0.01),cAMP/cGMP比值升高;铺灸组IL-2、IL-6、cGMP下降较中药组更为明显(P0.01),cAMP上升更为显著(P0.01),cAMP/cGMP比值上升幅度更大(P0.01)。结论:铺灸疗法治疗变应性鼻炎有效,可能与其更有利于调动人体免疫系统功能有关。     

雷公藤醋酸乙酯提取物的药理作用研究——对小鼠血浆、胸腺及脾脏环核苷酸(cAMP及cGMP)含量的影响

雷公藤醋酸乙酯提取物(50mg/kg)可明显降低小鼠血浆cGMP含量(P<0.001),其cAMP/cGMP比值明显高于对照组(P<0.05);剂量减半,脾脏中cGMP含量亦明显下降(P<0.05),其cAMP/cGMP比值亦较对照组升高。药物对脾细胞中cGMP水平的影响与其免疫抑制作用是一致的。推测醋酸乙酯提取物降低免疫功能细胞cGMP水平,从而增强机体对自身抗原的耐受性,这可能就是其治疗类风湿性关节炎等自身免疫疾病的作用机理之一。     

大承气汤对内毒素血症大鼠血清内毒素及结肠cAMP、cGMP的影响

目的观察大承气汤对内毒素血症大鼠血清内毒素和结肠cAMP、cGMP的影响。方法 SD大鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,大承气汤高剂量组(5 g/kg·q12 h)、中剂量组(2.5 g/kg·q12h)、低剂量组(1.25 g/kg·q12h)。正常组行假手术,其余各组均盲肠结扎穿孔术致内毒素血症模型,给药5次后,取样检测血清内毒素和结肠cAMP、cGMP水平。结果大承气汤高、中剂量组血清内毒素、cAMP、cAMP/cGMP均明显降低,与模型组比较,有显著性差异(P0.01);高剂量组cGMP明显升高,与模型组比较,有显著性差异(P0.01);高剂量组在降低血清内毒素、cAMP、cAMP/cGMP比值,升高cGMP水平方面优于低剂量组(P0.05)。结论大承气汤具有急下存阴功效,其机理可能与降低血清内毒素、cAMP及cAMP/cGMP比值有关。     

心主神脑主神心脑共主神诠释

目前中医理论公认"神"的概念有三个层面内涵,即:①泛指自然界一切事物运动变化规律及其表现;②生命活动规律及其现象的总称(以下简称为广义神);③指人的精神意识,精神活动的高级形式是思维.中医论神有广狭之分,又有元神、识神之别,元神即广义神,识神即狭义神.在何脏主神的认识上,近些年,尤其是近10多年来出现了心主神、脑主神、心脑共主神之争,纵观中国传统文化发展中有关神的观点,以及<黄帝内经>以降中医理论中有关神及何脏主神的历代有代表性的论述后不难发现,心脑共主神是中国人所持的一贯看法,这一观点从中医理论中无法剔除,应当将心脑所主之神的内涵统一到"蕴涵狭义神在内的广义之神"的认识上来.     

刍议胸痹的命名、病位、病性、病机及治疗

胸痹为临床常见病、多发病,古今医者对其论述颇多。笔者温习经典,查阅今文,验于临床,再谈胸痹的命名、病位、病性、病机及治疗,以就正于方家。 1 命名 “胸痹”一词始见于《灵枢·本脏》:“肺大则多饮,善病胸痹、喉痹、逆气”,然对其内涵并无明确启示。迨至汉·张仲景在《金匮要略·胸痹心痛短气病脉证治》篇中始指出:“胸痹之病,喘息咳唾,胸背痛,短气,寸口脉沉而迟,关上小紧数”,并指出其病机为“阳微阴弦,即胸痹而痛”。然据其所述脉证与病机,与现代医学所称“冠心病”却不尽吻合。若冠心病患者,不合并慢性     

卫气营血的免疫相关性探讨

以流感病毒感染所致病变过程为平台,探讨卫气营血不同病理阶段与机体免疫应答的关系。认为卫分证与天然免疫防御功能,气、营分证与适应性免疫应答状态,血分证与机体免疫的低活性状态一一相关。     

“升降出入”理论源流探析

升降出入理论源于<黄帝内经>,首用于<伤寒杂病论>,成熟于金元时期,发展于明清两代,发扬于现代医家.经逐步发展,日臻完善,具有较为清晰的理论形成、发展脉络.     

“耳脑脏腑相关”理论构建＊

通过系统整理中医传统理论中耳与脑、脏腑与脑、耳与脏腑之间的联系，结合体表刺激耳迷走神经-孤束核-默认网络脑效应机制研究，将传统针灸与现代医学相融合，提出“耳脑脏腑”相关理论。刺激耳甲的耳穴心不仅可以直接调节心神，通过耳脑相关机制调理脑与脑神，还可以配合或间接刺激耳甲区的五脏，调理五脏之神（心神、肝魂、肺魄、脾意和肾志），从而实现神脑并调和体用兼治之功，对于脑失常、神失常、五脏神失常类的疾病，理论上来说，具有较好的临床疗效。“耳脑脏腑相关”理论的提出，对于揭示采用耳穴心治疗脑系疾病和相关脏腑病提供了理论支持，对于加强中医原创理论创新提供典型范例，实现了继承与创新的结合，对于现代拓展脑病、脑科学和相关脏腑病研究提供了新方向和新思路。     

调理脾胃在五官科疾病中的运用

脾胃是维持人体生命活动的重要器官 ,故中医有脾胃为“后天之本”之说 ,临床上调理脾胃是中医治疗的重要环节 ,同样在治疗五官疾病中不能忽视调理脾胃 ,正如 :“脾不及 ,则令九窍不通。”、“头痛 ,耳鸣 ,九窍不利 ,肠胃所生也。”喉痹钱某某 ,男性 ,4 0岁 ,1 996年 1 0月 30日就诊。患者咽部疼痛不适月余 ,稍咳嗽 ,吐白痰 ,食欲不振 ,并食后胃脘不适 ,时乏力 ,检查 :咽部充血 ,舌苔薄白 ,舌质微红 ,脉弦数。辨证 :胃腑蕴热 ,风热喉痹。治则 :健胃消食 ,清热利咽。处方 :半夏 1 2ｇ ,枳壳 1 5ｇ ,云苓1 5ｇ ,白术 1 5ｇ ,麦芽 30ｇ ,黄芩 1 …     

从脾胃本虚、痰瘀毒标论述糖尿病周围神经病变

糖尿病神经病变是复杂的因素疾病,包括周围神经和植物神经系统疾病,而以周围神经病多见。临床以手足发凉、麻木、疼痛等症状多见。据资料统计,DPN的发病率高达60%~90%。其发病机理目前尚未完全阐明,临床治疗缺乏有效治疗手段,尤其现代医药仅对特定环节起作用,因此,不能有效地阻止本病的发生和发展。近几年来,传统医学在治疗该病上显示出优势,从多角度阐述了作用机理,对该病的防治起到很大的推动作用。传统医学按照本病的症状将其归属“脉痹”、“风痹”等范畴,认为本病发生主要因为消渴久不治,气阴两虚,运血无力而致血行迟滞,瘀阻脉络,变…     

Dereplication, residual complexity, and rational naming: the case of the Actaea triterpenes

The genus Actaea (including Cimicifuga) has been the source of ～200 cycloartane triterpenes. While they are major bioactive constituents of complementary and alternative medicines, their structural similarity is a major dereplication problem. Moreover, their trivial names seldom indicate the actual structure. This project develops two new tools for Actaea triterpenes that enable rapid dereplication of more than 170 known triterpenes and facilitates elucidation of new compounds. A predictive computational model based on classification binary trees (CBTs) allows in silico determination of the aglycone type. This tool utilizes the Me (1)H NMR chemical shifts and has potential to be applicable to other natural products. Actaea triterpene dereplication is supported by a new systematic naming scheme. A combination of CBTs, (1)H NMR deconvolution, characteristic (1)H NMR signals, and quantitative (1)H NMR (qHNMR) led to the unambiguous identification of minor constituents in residually complex triterpene samples. Utilizing a 1.7 mm cryo-microprobe at 700 MHz, qHNMR enabled characterization of residual complexity at the 10-20 μg level in a 1-5 mg sample. The identification of five co-occurring minor constituents, belonging to four different triterpene skeleton types, in a repeatedly purified natural product emphasizes the critical need for the evaluation of residual complexity of reference materials, especially when used for biological assessment.     

Venus, the goddess of fertility, numerologically 15 in Babylon and the origin of the Chinese system of 8 designs, called Pa-Kua

In Babylonia, numerology was invented and Venus, as the goddess of fertility, was first depicted as a 6-cornered star. But, numerologically she was designated 15. As a 6-cornered star, its make-up shows two opposite triangles interpenetrated. This was changed to two squares fused into one where geometrically the shape became a square. It created 9 cells which were so numbered that the numbers counted in any row gave the sum 15. Venus thus became a Magic Square of 15. Geometrically it was a Magic Square, but numerologically it was 15. In the make-up the squares were two and opposites. As goddess of fertility she especially helped the pregnant to an easy delivery. Some 8 variants of the Magic Square, with different arrangements of numbers, represented 4 cosmic elements and 4 cosmic qualities. The Magic Squares, which represented elements, had the numbers 1, 3, 5 and 8 near one another forming a miniature square by themselves. A Magic Square representing a quality did not have the numbers 1, 3, 5 and 8, as a consolidated unit. This explains the importance of the numbers 1, 3, 5 and 8, a mystery which had remained unsolved. Venus was also the star of copper. When copper technology migrated from Babylon to China, the occult science associated with Venus also reached China. Here the 8 Magic Squares were translated into a system of whole and broken lines, called Pa-Kua, meaning 8 designs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Characterization and feeding deterrent effects on the aphid, Schizaphis graminum, of some derivatives of the sweet compounds, stevioside and rebaudioside A

The intensely sweet compounds, stevioside [1] and rebaudioside A [2], and 15 of their derivatives, were tested for feeding deterrent activity against the aphid, Schizaphis graminum. Included with these compounds was steviol [4], the aglycone of stevioside and rebaudioside A that was one of the most active compounds in this investigation. Loss of feeding deterrent activity of steviol was observed on acetylation or glycosylation of the C-13 tertiary hydroxy group or on methylation of the C-19 carboxylic acid substituent. In contrast, the antifeedant activity of steviol was not greatly affected by modification of either the C-16 exomethylene group or the C/D-ring junction stereochemistry. 13C-nmr data have been obtained for 12 of the test compounds investigated.