某商场职工职业应激及应激的影响因素

目的　应用逐步回归分析方法探讨商场商业职工的职业应激因素、中和缓解因素与背景特征对应激水平及应激反应的影响。方法　采用职业应激调查表 (OSI)对宁夏银川市某大型商场6 79名商业职工进行问卷调查。结果　逐步回归分析结果显示 ,商业职工职业应激因素的强预测因素有人际关系、家庭 工作平衡、工作负荷 ;应激反应的强预测因素有工作组织满意感与心理满足。工作满意感的主要影响因素有人际关系、组织气氛、其他应激来源及对工作的影响力 ;心理卫生的主要影响因素有应付策略与工作负荷 ;躯体不适的主要影响因素有工龄、工作负荷、忍耐性。商业职工应激水平的主要影响因素有应付策略、工龄及年龄。结论　商业职工的应激水平及应激反应受多种背景因素与中和缓解因素的共同影响。     

职业紧张对视屏作业人员心理健康的影响

目的　探讨不同性别视屏作业者主要的职业紧张因素及其心理健康状况。方法　采用职业紧张调查表(OSI)对宁夏某银行视屏作业者进行问卷调查。结果　男性视屏作业者认知负荷、心理卫生、心理满足、心情平静与竞争性的得分显著高于女性 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1) ,而工作负荷与躯体不适因素的得分明显低于女性 (P <0 0 5或P<0 0 1)。逐步回归分析结果显示 ,男性工作满意感、心理卫生及躯体不适最主要的影响因素分别为对工作的影响力、其它紧张来源与家庭 /工作平衡、工作负荷 ,女性分别为人际关系与对工作的影响力、人际关系与工龄、其它紧张来源与管理角色。结论　不同性别视屏作业者主要的职业紧张因素及其心理健康状况不同 ,影响心理健康的主要因素也不完全相同。     

视屏作业人员职业紧张分析

目的　探讨视屏作业者的职业紧张程度、紧张反应及有关的影响因素。方法　采用职业紧张调查表 (OSI)对宁夏某银行 177名视屏作业者进行问卷调查。结果　视屏作业者的紧张因素总分、工作负荷、人际关系以及家庭 /工作平衡因素的得分显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1) ,工作满意感及工作本身满意感与工作组织满意感的得分显著低于对照组 (均P <0 0 1)。逐步回归分析结果显示 ,视屏作业人员的工作满意感与心理卫生的强预测因素均为人际关系 ,躯体不适的强预测因素为工作负荷。视屏作业人员紧张水平的主要影响因素为对工作的影响力。结论　视屏作业者的紧张水平高于对照组 ,主要的职业紧张因素有工作负荷、人际关系与家庭 /工作平衡 ,紧张反应主要为工作满意度的降低 ;其紧张程度与紧张反应除受职业紧张因素与中和缓解因素的影响外 ,也受个人背景特征的影响     

工人与管理人员职业紧张对比研究

为了探讨工人与管理人员职业紧张的差异，应用职业紧张测试指标ＯＳＩ对１０９名管理人员和６１名工人进行了观察，结果发现，男性工人紧张因素得分比管理人员高，但差异无显著性意义，男性管理人员的组织控制力、工作策略和逻辑性得分则显著高于工人，而女性管理人员紧张因素得分高于工人。男管理人员紧张反应的主要预测因素为组织结构气氛、工作本身因素和管理过程，男工人为组织结构气氛和管理过程，女管理人员为行为方式，女工人为管理角色和管理过程。结果提示，管理人员和工人紧张水平存在着差异，紧张因素和中间缓解因素对紧张反应结局的影响管理人员和工人之间以及男女性别间均存在着差异     

职业紧张对巡警和刑警心理健康的影响

目的 探讨警察暴露的职业紧张因素及其对心理健康的影响。方法 采用职业紧张问卷对某市公安局巡警支队和武警支队的全体男性警察进行了职业紧张因素和紧张反应调查,并对紧张反应进行了逐步回归分析。结果 兼职、工作冲突、倒班、工作控制武警和巡警的主要职业紧张因素;自尊感、应付策略、社会支持是主要缓解因素。存在差异的紧张因素与紧张反应中,武警组工作需求、工作控制、工作角色、工作负荷与责任、应付策略、社会支持、工作满意感、心理卫生、躯体不适得分高于巡警组;而角色模糊、组间冲突、工作前景未知性、家庭支持得分低于巡警组;武警组工作满意感、躯体不适、抑郁症、日常紧张感逐步回归方程的预测力低于巡警组,负性情绪方程预测力于巡警组。结论 武警和巡警的职业紧张因素及心理健康的影响因素不同,紧张程度亦存在差异。     

技术工人职业紧张及影响因素分析

目的探索技术工人职业紧张状况及其影响因素。方法采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R),对技术工人(研究组)903例和工厂、机关、服务和商业职工(对照组)319例,共计1222例进行研究。结果技术工人的职业任务、紧张反应总均分及各子项得分均显著高于对照组(P<0·01),自我保健子项得分显著高于对照组(P<0·01)。紧张反应与职业任务呈明显正相关(r=0·358,P<0·01)。任务冲突、工作环境、责任感、任务模糊为个体紧张反应、业务、心理、人际关系(责任感、任务模糊除外)、躯体紧张反应(任务模糊除外,但包括任务不适、任务过重)的主要影响因素;年龄是个体紧张反应、业务、人际关系紧张反应的主要影响因素;娱乐休闲、理性处事可降低个体紧张反应、心理、人际关系紧张反应;社会支持可降低业务紧张反应;自我保健可降低躯体紧张反应。结论针对技术工人的主要紧张源,紧张反应及其影响因素,采取有针对性的干预措施,以降低技术工人的职业紧张程度,保护和促进工作能力是职业卫生领域面临的重要任务之一。     

性别对职业紧张测试结果的影响

目的　探讨性别对职业紧张测试结果的影响。方法　使用职业紧张测量工具对 6 5 6名不同职业的对象进行了研究。结果　男性组物理环境、工作相关因素控制、对人和事的责任、决策参与、亲属支持和心理卫生评分大于女性组 ,而工作负荷、组织忠诚度、抑郁症和每日紧张感评分小于女性组 ,差异均具有显著性 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。结论　性别对职业紧张部分因素的测试结果存在着明显影响     

不同职业人群工作紧张及影响因素分析

目的了解中小学教师中、监狱狱警、视屏显示终端(VDT)3种不同职业作业人员的职业紧张程度。方法采用工作紧张测量量表(JSS)对中小学教师、狱警、VDT作业人员的职业紧张程度进行测量。结果 851名中小学教师中,男性工作紧张反应、工作压力强度得分分别为(2.34±0.51)、(1.96±0.51)分,女性分别为(2.19±0.59)、(1.85±0.55)分,男性高于女性(P<0.05);组织支持缺乏得分>40岁年龄段的(1.78±0.54)分,高于其他年龄段,男性的(1.83±0.56)分高于女性得分(1.62±0.58)分,高级职称得分高于中级和初级职称;影响中小学教师工作紧张主要因素是年龄、性别和学历;875名监狱狱警工作紧张反应得分男性的(2.13±0.13)分高于女性的(2.10±0.15)分(P<0.05),本科以上学历的(2.14±0.11)分高于大专以下学历(P<0.05);工作压力强度男性的(1.66±0.15)分高于女性的(1.63±0.18)分(P<0.05),年龄段>40岁的(1.67±0.17)分高于其他年龄段;组织支持缺乏得分男性高于女性,本科学历以上高于其他学历;主要影响狱警工作紧张的因素为性别和学历;842名VDT作业人员工作紧张强度得分男性的(2.24±0.15)分高于女性的(2.10±0.13)分;影响VDT作业人员工作紧张的主要因素为年龄。结论 3种不同职业人群劳动者工作压力男性普遍高于女性,中小学教师和狱警工作紧张的影响因素为性别和学历,而年龄是VDT作业人员的工作紧张影响因素。     

商场商业职工职业紧张及有关影响因素的探讨

目的　通过商场部分商业职工职业紧张的调查,探讨年龄、性别、生活方式与心理状态与职业紧张的关系。方法　采用自评紧张值量表对调查对象进行问卷调查。结果　商业职工３５～４５ 岁年龄段紧张值处于低谷状态,随着年龄的递减和递升,紧张值均呈升高趋势;女性紧张值高于男性。体育锻炼可降低紧张值,业余爱好对紧张值影响不大,而某些娱乐活动会升高商业职工的紧张值。自我生活满意和心理状态良好者的紧张值明显为低。结论　年龄和性别均与职业紧张有关,女性紧张度高于男性。适当的体育锻炼和良好的心理健康状态可降低商业职工的职业紧张度     

某市流水线作业工人职业紧张与健康关系分析

目的 了解某市流水线作业工人职业紧张现状及其与身心健康之间的关系.方法 应用职业紧张指标测量工具,对547名流水线作业工人进行问卷调查.结果 流水线作业工人工作满意感的得分低于对照组.不同行业类型流水线作业工人工作满意感、心理卫生、职业紧张因素、应付策略评分在统计学上差异有显著性(P<0.05).逐步回归分析结果显示,躯体不适状况、工作满意感、行为类型是心理卫生水平的主要预测因素,行为类型、心理卫生水平、职业紧张因素、应付策略、是否吸烟、工龄是躯体不适状况的主要预测因素,行为类型、职业紧张因素、工龄、年龄、心理卫生水平是工作满意感的主要预测因素;男女心理卫生水平、躯体不适状况、工作满意感的主要预测因素有所不同.结论 某市流水线作业工人工作满意感低于对照组,存在着职业紧张因素,这些因素和行为类型、应付策略、工龄、吸烟对身心健康影响显著,对因素的反应存在着性别差异.     

The influence of occupational class and physical workload on working life expectancy among older employees

Objective:This study investigates the impact of physical workload factors and occupational class on working life expectancy (WLE) and working years lost (WYL) in a sample of older Finnish workers.Methods:A 70% random sample of Finns in 2004 was linked to a job exposure matrix for physical workload factors and register information on occupational class and labor market status until 2014. Transitions between being at work, time-restricted work disability, unemployment, economic inactivity, disability retirement, retirement and death were estimated. A multistate Cox regression model with transition-specific covariates was used to estimate the WLE and WYL at age 50 up to 63 years for each occupational class and physical workload factor for men and women (N=415 105).Results:At age 50, male and female manual workers had a WLE of 10.13 and 10.14 years, respectively. Among both genders, manual workers had one year shorter WLE at age 50 than upper non-manual employees. This difference was largely attributable to unemployment (men: 0.60, women: 0.66 years) and disability retirement (men: 0.28, women: 0.29 years). Self-employed persons had the highest WLE (11.08 years). Men and women exposed to four or five physical workload factors had about one year lower WLE than non-exposed workers. The difference was primarily attributable to ill-health-related reasons, including disability retirement (men: 0.45 years, women: 0.53 years) and time-restricted work disability (men: 0.23, women: 0.33 years).Conclusions:Manual workers and those exposed to physical workload factors had the lowest WLE. The differences in WYL between exposure groups can primarily be explained by ill-health-based exit routes.     

Impact of psychosocial job stress on non-fatal occupational injuries in small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises

BACKGROUND: Workers involved in manufacturing are known to comprise a high-risk population for occupational injury, and this risk is greater in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of this study was to examine the association between psychosocial job stress and occupational injuries among workers in SMEs. METHODS: One thousand forty-nine men and 721 women from 244 SMEs participated in this study. Perceived job stress was evaluated with the Japanese version of the generic job stress questionnaire, which covered 14 job stress variables. Occupational injury was assessed by self-report during the last 1-year period. RESULTS: Workers with high quantitative workload (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55 for men, 1.62 for women), high cognitive demands (OR = 1.70 for men, 1.53 for women), and low job satisfaction (OR = 1.33 for men, 1.93 for women) had a significantly increased risk of occupational injury in the multivariate model. High variance in workload (OR = 1.70) and high job future ambiguity (OR = 1.35) in men, and low job control (OR = 2.04) and high intragroup conflict (OR = 1.66) in women were significantly associated with occupational injury. In manufacturing/production workers, high quantitative workload (OR = 1.91), high variance in workload (OR = 2.02), and high depressive symptoms (OR = 1.55) were significantly associated with injury in men, while low social support from colleagues (OR = 2.36) or family (OR = 2.51) was related to injury in women. CONCLUSIONS: These data point to an independent relationship between psychosocial job stress and self-reported occupational injury in SMEs.     

Gender differences in work-home interplay and symptom perception among Swedish white-collar employees

OBJECTIVE: To analyse gender differences in paid and unpaid workload and symptoms in matched groups of Swedish white-collar workers with children. DESIGN AND SETTING: Paid and unpaid workload and perceived stress from paid work, conflict between demands and control over household work were measured by a total workload (TWL) questionnaire. Some symptoms were rated with regard to frequency and severity as a measure of health. Cross-sectional analyses were performed. PARTICIPANTS: Matched groups of male (n = 440) and female (n = 529) well-educated white-collar workers in full-time employment, aged 32-58 years and living with children in the home. RESULTS: Women in higher positions in Sweden are healthier than the average population of women, but report more symptoms than men in the same position as well as more stress from paid work, more conflict between demands and a greater TWL. However, women also reported more control over household duties and TWL was not associated with more symptoms. The men were mainly focused on their paid work role and perhaps even more so than men in the general population as they were fairly resistant to feelings of conflicting demands. CONCLUSION: Even among matched groups of full-time employed, well-educated men and women, traditional gender differences in division of responsibilities and time allocation were found. Even though the women were healthy at this stage, they might risk future ill health, owing to high workload, stress and feelings of conflicting demands.     

Major sources of stress among women managers, clerical workers, and working single mothers: demands vs. resources.

The study of stress in general and occupational stress in particular has, until recently, usually included male samples, with findings erroneously extrapolated for women. This review outlines common occupational and domestic stressors, many of which are unique to women, especially to mothers in paid employment. Stress is viewed as resulting from the combination of high role demands and low coping resources (material, psychological, interpersonal, and organizational). Women in paid employment worldwide are still expected to assume primary responsibility for home and family and are subject to a double burden of work, especially when the children are young. Women are also subject to considerable conflict between marital/parental and occupational demands. They occupy different jobs than men, usually hierarchically inferior and entailing fewer benefits and opportunities for growth. In this conceptual framework, three groups of women in paid employment have been empirically identified as being at relatively high risk for stress as conceptualized above: clerical workers, managers, and single (mainly divorced) parents. Further research is needed to explore occupational stress in blue-collar working women, and to elucidate the role and variety of coping resources.     

不同特征脑力劳动者职业紧张与工作能力的关系

目的探讨不同特征脑力劳动者的职业紧张和工作能力的变化。方法采用工作紧张测量量表（Job Stress Survey,JSS）和工作能力指数表（WorkAbility Index,WAI）,测量某市1363名脑力劳动者的职业紧张水平和工作能力,并探讨职业紧张与工作能力的关系。结果①职业紧张水平：男性高于女性（P〈0．01）;工龄〈10a者高于工龄〉10a者（P〈0．01）。②工作能力：工龄〈10a者好于工龄〉10a者（P〈0．01）;文化程度本科及以上者好于本科以下者（P〈0．05）。③汉族与少数民族职工职业紧张水平和工作能力差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。④不同职业紧张分组,工作能力得分差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。工作紧张指数、工作压力指数、组织支持缺乏指数与工作能力呈负相关（r=-0．14,,=-0．11,,=-0．12;P〈0．01）;随着各项紧张指数的增加,工作能力有所下降。结论性别、工龄是脑力劳动者的职业紧张影响因素;工龄、文化程度、职业紧张水平是脑力劳动者工作能力的影响因素。紧张水平增加,工作能力下降。     

Gender and Work Stress: Differential Exposure and Vulnerability

Three work conditions have evidenced consistent relationships to health-related outcomes: control, demands, and job complexity. Most studies of work stress involve samples of male workers. The hypothesis of differential vulnerability contends that women would be more responsive than men to work stressors. The differential exposure hypothesis proposes that there is no gender difference in the effects of work stressors, but patterns of occupational segregation increase women's exposure to detrimental job conditions. Previous studies of gender differences in responses to work stress are equivocal, indicating both similarity and highly specific differences. This study explores gender differences in the effects of work conditions on psychological distress and self-medication. Job satisfaction and perceived job stress are specified as mediating variables. The results do not support the hypothesis of general differential vulnerability. The only gender difference observed indicates that women are less responsive than men to job demands.     

信息技术企业员工职业紧张与组织管理研究

目的从组织管理角度,结合个人特征（性别、年龄、文化程度、职务以及工作转换次数和工作时间）对信息技术（IT）企业员工的职业紧张反应进行评价。方法从北京市6个IT企业中随机抽取200名员工,采用标准调查工具（包括一般工作紧张问卷、一般健康问卷、组织忠诚度问卷、组织支持感问卷和应对方式问卷）进行问卷调查。结果在职业紧张强度方面,工作时间1年以下的IT员工明显低于工作时间1年以上者;在一般健康水平方面,男性明显好于女性,未转换过工作者明显好于曾转换工作者;在职业紧张应对能力方面,30岁以上员工明显强于30岁以下员工,工作时间在3年以上的员工明显强于工作时间1年以下的员工;在组织忠诚度方面,文化程度为本科以上的员工明显高于本科以下员工;在组织支持方面,一般职员感受到的明显少于管理人员,没转换过工作者明显高于工作转换次数超过3次以上者。结论 IT员工的职业紧张反应受到个人特征的影响,企业应该根据员工的具体情况制定个性化的职业紧张管理计划。     

Mental ability and psychological work performance in Chinese workers

This study was to explore the relationship among mental ability, occupational stress, and psychological work performance in Chinese workers, and to identify relevant modifiers of mental ability and psychological work performance. Psychological Stress Intensity (PSI), psychological work performance, and mental ability (Mental Function Index, MFI) were determined among 485 Chinese workers (aged 33 to 62 yr, 65% of men) with varied work occupations. Occupational Stress Questionnaire (OSQ) and mental ability with 3 tests (including immediate memory, digit span, and cipher decoding) were used. The relationship between mental ability and psychological work performance was analyzed with multiple linear regression approach. PSI, MFI, or psychological work performance were significantly different among different work types and educational level groups (p<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that MFI was significantly related to gender, age, educational level, and work type. Higher MFI and lower PSI predicted a better psychological work performance, even after adjusted for gender, age, educational level, and work type. The study suggests that occupational stress and low mental ability are important predictors for poor psychological work performance, which is modified by both gender and educational level.     

Impact of occupational stress on stroke across occupational classes and genders

The aims of the present study were to analyze the association between incident stroke, occupational class and stress and to examine whether the association is found in both men and women in a prospective study of Japanese male and female workers. A total of 3190 male and 3363 female Japanese community-dwelling workers aged 65 or under with no history of cardiovascular disease were followed. Occupational stress was evaluated using a demand-control questionnaire. The impact on stroke was examined in stratified analyses of occupational classes. We identified 147 incident strokes (91 in men and 56 in women) during the 11-year follow-up period. Men with high strain jobs (combination of high job demand and low job control) were nearly three times more likely to suffer from a stroke than men with low strain jobs (combination of low job demand and high job control). Among male workers in low occupational classes (blue-collar and non-managerial work), job strain was associated with a higher risk of stroke. In contrast, there was no association between job strain and incident stroke among male workers in high occupational classes (white-collar and managerial work). No statistically significant differences were found for stroke incidence among the job characteristic categories in all the female participants. However, significant, over five-fold excess risks were found among white-collar and managerial female workers exposed to high job strain, compared with their counterparts with low strain jobs. Our study of Japanese workers provided supportive evidence for vulnerability to occupational stress among lower occupational class workers in males but not in females.     

某海洋采油平台作业工人职业紧张反应状况

[目的]了解海洋采油平台作业工人的职业紧张水平及职业紧张反应的特征,分析其职业紧张反应的影响因素。[方法]于2012年9月采取整群抽样的方法抽取海洋采油平台的所有在班工作的134名男性工人作为观察组,167名非海上平台作业的男性油田工人作为对照组。运用职业紧张量表修订版（OSI—R）进行调查。[结果]海洋采油平台作业人员的职业紧张及职业紧张反应得分均高于对照组,应对资源得分低于对照组,由自然环境引起的职业紧张评分均值（33．18）以及心理紧张反应评分均值（27．50）均高于参比人群。海洋采油平台作业工人职业紧张反应水平受职业紧张及应对资源的影响,职业紧张可增加职业紧张反应,应对资源可降低职业紧张反应。职业紧张中的角色界限不清、任务不足及自然环境,个人应对资源中的自我保健,个体特征中的学历是影响职业紧张反应水平的主要因素。[结论]海洋采油平台作业工人具有较高的职业紧张反应水平,应结合职业紧张反应水平的影响因素有针对性地对平台作业工人开展健康促进工作。