lncRNA MNX1-AS1通过调控miR-218-5p影响非小细胞肺癌细胞的增殖、凋亡及迁移

目的探讨长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)MNX1-AS1通过调控miR-218-5p的表达对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)细胞增殖、凋亡和迁移的影响。方法qRT-PCR检测MNX1-AS1和miR-218-5p在肺癌细胞系及肺正常上皮细胞系中的表达;采用双荧光素酶报告基因实验和RNA pull down实验验证MNX1-AS1和miR-218-5p之间的靶向关系;干扰A549细胞中MNX1-AS1和miR-218-5p的表达后,MTT、流式细胞术和Transwell实验检测MNX1-AS1靶向miR-218-5p对癌细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移及侵袭的影响。结果与肺正常上皮细胞系相比,肺癌细胞系中MNX1-AS1表达升高,miR-218-5p表达降低(P＜0.05);荧光素酶报告基因实验显示,MNX1-AS1可与miR-218-5p结合导致荧光素酶活性显著降低(P＜0.05);RNA pull down实验证实miR-218-5p能特异性结合MNX1-AS1(P＜0.05);抑制A549细胞中MNX1-AS1的表达后,miR-218-5p水平上调,细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力均显著降低,凋亡率显著升高;与MNX1-AS1抑制剂组相比,共抑制MNX1-AS1和miR-218-5p的细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭能力升高,凋亡率下降(P＜0.05)。结论MNX1-AS1可以通过靶向下调miR-218-5p的表达影响非小细胞癌的增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭。     

miR-96-5p靶向PTEN激活PI3K-Akt信号通路抑制非小细胞肺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭实验研究

目的:探讨miR-96-5p对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)细胞迁移、侵袭和增殖的作用及分子机制。方法:在人NSCLC细胞系A549中转染miR-96-5p类似物(miR-96-5p mimics)、阴性对照(NC mimics)或miR-96-5p抑制剂(miR-96-5p inhibitor)、阴性对照(NC inhibitor),通过CCK-8法检测细胞的增殖能力,通过划痕实验和Transwell迁移实验检测细胞的迁移侵袭能力;采用荧光素酶报告基因实验检测miR-96-5p与磷酸酯酶与张力蛋白同源物(PTEN)启动子区DNA的结合;采用蛋白质免疫印迹实验检测miR-96-5p对PTEN/PI3K/Akt信号通路的调控作用。结果:抑制miR-96-5p, NSCLC细胞的迁移、侵袭和增殖能力降低,过表达miR-96-5p促进NSCLC细胞的迁移、侵袭和增殖(均P<0.05)。荧光素酶报告基因实验结果显示,miR-96-5p能与PTEN启动子区DNA结合;蛋白质免疫印迹实验结果表明,抑制miR-96-5p, PTEN表达升高、p-Akt的表达降低,过表达miR-96-5p后,PTE...     

miR-182-5p靶向TRIM52逆转卵巢癌SKOV3细胞对顺铂耐药的机制

目的 研究miR-182-5p靶向三结构域蛋白52(TRIM52)对卵巢癌SKOV3细胞顺铂(CDDP)耐药的影响。方法 采用qRT-PCR法测定卵巢癌SKOV3细胞中miR-182-5p水平。以卵巢癌SKOV3细胞作为研究对象,在细胞中转染miR-182-5p mimics,给予CDDP处理(记为SKOV3/CDDP细胞),采用MTT、流式细胞术检测细胞增殖和凋亡,Transwell小室测定细胞迁移和侵袭,Western blot测定基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、C-Caspase-3蛋白表达。在线靶基因预测软件预测miR-182-5p和TRIM52 3’UTR端互补结合,使用荧光素酶报告系统鉴定靶向关系。将TRIM52过表达载体和miR-182-5p mimics共转染到卵巢癌SKOV3/CDDP细胞中,检测细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭、迁移情况。结果 卵巢癌SKOV3/CDDP细胞中miR-182-5p水平低于卵巢癌SKOV3细胞(P<0.001)。miR-182-5p mimics、CDDP和二者联合处理后的卵巢癌SKOV3/CDDP细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力均下降,细胞凋亡增多...     

MiR-338-3p通过靶向WNK1影响食管癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭及凋亡的机制研究

目的探讨miR-338-3p影响食管癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭及凋亡的分子机制及其对WNK1的靶向调控作用。方法体外培养人正常食管上皮细胞株Het-1A与人食管癌细胞Eca-109、EC-1、EC9706,采用q RT-PCR与Western blot分别检测miR-338-3p、WNK1的表达水平;以EC9706细胞为研究对象,分别将miR-con、miR-338-3p mimics、si-con、si-WNK1、miR-338-3p mimics与pc DNA、miR-338-3p mimics与pc DNA-WNK1转染至EC9706细胞;MTT法检测细胞增殖、流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡、Transwell小室实验检测迁移及侵袭能力;双荧光素酶报告实验检测miR-338-3p与WNK1的靶向关系。结果与Het-1A比较,食管癌细胞Eca-109、EC-1、EC9706中miR-338-3p的表达显著下调(P0.05),WNK1 m RNA及蛋白表达显著上调(P0.05);转染miR-338-3p mimics或si-WNK1可明显降低EC9706细胞的活力、迁移及侵袭细胞数(P0.05),增加EC9706细胞的凋亡率(P0.05);双荧光素酶报告实验证实miR-338-3靶向结合WNK1;共转染miR-338-3p mimics与pc DNA-WNK1可明显逆转转染miR-338-3p mimics对细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭及凋亡的作用。结论 miR-338-3p可靶向下调食管癌中的WNK1,进而抑制食管癌细胞的增殖、迁移及侵袭,和诱导细胞凋亡。     

MiR-744-5p通过靶向 CCND1 抑制肾透明细胞癌细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移

目的 探讨miR-744-5p/CCND1轴在肾透明细胞癌(ccRCC)中的作用及机制。方法 qRT-PCR检测ccRCC组织和细胞系中miR-744-5p 的表达水平。实验分组：miR-744-5p 模拟物（miR-744-5p mimic）、阴性对照（NC mimic）、CCND1 模拟物（CCND1 mimic）及其阴性对照（NC mimic）。CCK-8实验、划痕愈合实验和transwell实验验证miR-744-5p对ccRCC细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭功能的影响。通过生物信息学预测miR-744-5p的下游靶分子,qRT-PCR和Western blot验证CCND1在786-O及OSRC2细胞中的表达水平,双荧光素酶报告基因实验进一步验证miR-744-5p和CCND1的关系,最后通过回复实验验证miR-744-5p/CCND1轴在ccRCC中的作用。结果 MiR-744-5p在ccRCC组织和细胞系中显著下调（P<0.05）,过表达miR-744-5p可以抑制ccRCC细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭（P<0.05）。生物信息学分析结果和双荧光素酶报告基因实验结果显示,CCND1是miR-744-5p的下游靶标。回复实验结果显示,上调CCND1可以部分逆转上调miR-744-5p对ccRCC细胞增殖、迁移以及侵袭的抑制作用（P<0.05）。结论 miR-744-5p通过靶向CCND1抑制ccRCC细胞的恶性表型,miR-744-5p/CCND1轴可能是ccRCC诊断和治疗的一个新的靶点。     

miR-1-3p抑制肝癌细胞SMMC-7721增殖、迁移并诱导其凋亡

目的 探讨在肝癌细胞SMMC-7721中微小RNA(miR)-1-3 p的表达变化对其增殖、迁移和凋亡的影响及miR-1-3p的作用机制.方法 采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测miR-1-3p和CAAP1的相对表达量;SMMC-7721细胞按miR-1-3p过表达载体(miR-1-3p组)、pcDNA3组、miR-1-3p inhib-itor组和NC inhibitor组(对照组)分别转染,采用qRT-PCR检测转染效果,CCK-8实验检测细胞增殖能力,克隆形成实验观察并比较组间克隆形成率,流式细胞术和Western blot检测细胞凋亡及CAAP1蛋白表达,划痕和Transwell实验观察SMMC-7721迁移和侵袭.利用miRDB、TargetScan、miRanda数据库预测miR-1-3 p靶基因,双荧光素酶报告验证miR-1-3和CAAP1靶向性.结果 miR-1-3p在SMMC-7721细胞中的表达明显低于正常肝细胞LO2,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);miR-1-3p上调,SMMC-7721增殖、迁移和侵袭能力显著下降,凋亡显著增强,而下调miR-1-3p的表达则作用相反;miR-1-3p和CAAP1具有靶向性;miR-1-3p过表达明显抑制CAAP1表达.结论 miR-1-3p上调可能通过与CAAP1的3'-UTR结合抑制SMMC-7721细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移.     

miR-181b-5p调节EGR1/BIM通路对ALL细胞增殖、凋亡和迁移的影响

探讨miR-181b-5p在急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）中的作用及其潜在的分子机制。方法 采用qRT-PCR检测四川大学华西医院2019年1月—2021年1月80例ALL患者miR-181b-5p和早期生长反应因子1（EGR1） mRNA的表达水平。分别使用miR-181b-5p模拟物、miR-181b-5p抑制物或（和）EGR1过表达质粒转染人ALL细胞系NALM-6细胞。采用MTT、流式细胞仪和划痕愈合实验检测miR-181b-5p对细胞增殖、凋亡和迁移的影响。通过双荧光素酶验证miR-181b-5p和EGR1的相互作用关系。Western blot检测细胞中EGR1蛋白和细胞增殖、凋亡和迁移相关蛋白的表达水平。结果 miR-181b-5p在ALL中表达显著上调,EGR1表达下调（P＜0.05）。抑制miR-181b-5p不仅抑制细胞增殖、迁移,诱导细胞凋亡,而且上调EGR1和BIM蛋白表达（P＜0.05）;上调miR-181b-5p则具有与之相反的效果（P＜0.05）。EGR1是ALL细胞中miR-181b-5p的靶基因（P＜0.05）。miR-181b-5p过表达可明显削弱EGR1过表达对ALL细胞增殖、凋亡和迁移的影响（P＜0.05）。结论 抑制miR-181b-5p可通过靶向上调EGR1和BIM表达在ALL中抑制细胞增殖和迁移,促进细胞凋亡     

MiR-671-5p通过负向调控SMAD3抑制骨肉瘤细胞的迁移和侵袭

目的 探讨miR-671-5p影响骨肉瘤的迁移侵袭的相关机制。方法 通过NCBI在线数据库筛选骨肉瘤中差异表达的微小RNA（miRNA）、预测miRNA的靶蛋白并进行功能分析;实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）用于检测转染过表达miR-671-5p质粒后con组和miR-671-5p组骨肉瘤细胞中miR-671-5p的表达情况;通过Transwell实验检测转染质粒后骨肉瘤细胞的迁移和侵袭能力;Western blot实验检测相关蛋白在骨肉瘤细胞中的表达情况;荧光素酶报告基因检测重组人SMAD家族成员3（SMAD3）的 3’UTR中是否含有miR-671-5p的结合位点。结果 MiR-671-5p在骨肉瘤组织和细胞中表达下调（P<0.05）。qRT-PCR证明转染过表达miR-671-5p质粒后,细胞转染成功（P<0.05）。过表达骨肉瘤细胞中的miR-671-5p后细胞的迁移和侵袭能力明显降低（P<0.05）,并且miR-671-5p能够抑制骨肉瘤细胞的上皮间质转化（EMT）（P<0.05）;Western blot结果显示SMAD3在骨肉瘤细胞中表达上调（P<0.05）;荧光素酶报告基因检测证实miR-671-5p与SMAD3的3’UTR之间存在结合位点（P<0.05）;Western blot结果显示转染过表达SMAD3质粒后,SMAD3表达明显升高（P<0.05）,而miR-671-5p能明显抑制SMAD3的表达（P< 0.05）;Transwell实验证明SMAD3能够促进骨肉瘤细胞的迁移和侵袭能力（P<0.05）,而miR-671-5p则能够逆转这种促进作用（P<0.05）。结论 MiR-671-5p能够通过负向调控SMAD3抑制骨肉瘤细胞迁移和侵袭能力。     

MiR-361-3p下调STC2抑制头颈部鳞状细胞癌的作用研究

目的: 探讨STC2调控HNSCC进展的作用机制。方法: HNSCC相关mRNA和miRNA通过对The Cancer Genome Atlas（TCGA）数据库分析整理获取。随后,通过MTT法、集落形成实验、流式细胞检测和迁移侵袭法,验证STC2下调后,对HNSCC细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的影响。再利用生物信息学数据库,预测潜在靶向STC2的miRNA。通过qRT-PCR和荧光素酶报告基因实验,对预测获取的miR-361-3p干扰STC2的表达能力进行验证。最后,通过动物移植瘤模型验证了miR-361-3p通过下调STC2对HNSCC肿瘤发挥抑制作用。结果:STC2在HSNCC细胞中高表达。在体外,下调STC2抑制HSNCC细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,促进HSNCC细胞的凋亡。荧光素酶报告基因实验证实miR-361-3p可能是STC2的上游调控因子。过表达miR-361-3p下调STC2,可以抑制HNSCC细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭,促进HNSCC细胞的凋亡。结论:STC2在HNSCC细胞中呈高表达。miR-361-3p负调控STC2,进而改变HNSCC的相关细胞进展。     

circ_0000069靶向miR-338-3p对非小细胞肺癌A549细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响

目的探讨环状RNA 0000069(circ_0000069)是否靶向miR-338-3p调控非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)A549细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭。 方法采用qRT-PCR技术检测NSCLC患者癌组织、癌旁正常组织中circ_0000069和miR-338-3p表达量。采用CCK-8、Transwell实验分析抑制circ_0000069或过表达miR-338-3p对A549细胞增殖活力、迁移和侵袭的影响。使用荧光素酶酶报告实验和qRT-PCR分析circ_0000069和miR-338-3p之间的相互作用。 结果NSCLC组织中circ_0000069表达量较癌旁组织升高(P＜0.05),而miR-338-3p表达量显著降低(P＜0.05)。抑制circ_0000069或过表达miR-338-3p后A549细胞活力、迁移和侵袭细胞数显著降低(P＜0.05)。miR-338-3p是circ_0000069的靶基因,circ_0000069靶向负调控miR-338-3p表达。干扰miR-338-3p表达显著减弱circ_0000069对A549细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的抑制(P＜0.05)。 结论抑制circ_0000069通过上调miR-338-3p抑制NSCLC细胞A549增殖、迁移和侵袭。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.