基于卷积神经网络特征提取与融合的心律失常分类

本研究提出一种新的心律失常自动分类方法,辅助医生诊治心律失常。通过构建卷积神经网络对心电信号以及QRS波群的小波分量进行特征提取,将网络提取到的心电信号特征和小波特征与人工提取的RR间期特征,输入到全连接层进行融合,在输出层使用softmax函数对心拍进行分类。使用MIT-BIH心律失常数据库中的MILL导联数据对网络进行训练和测试。经测试,该方法的总体分类准确度达98.12%,平均灵敏度为87.32%,平均阳性预测值为90.37%。该方法能够快速识别不同类型的心律失常,对于计算机辅助诊断心律失常的应用具有一定的参考价值。     

基于小波熵的心电信号去噪处理

实测的心电信号不可避免地存在一些强干扰和噪声,如何在强背景干扰和噪声下准确提取出有用的心电信号,是心脏病智能诊断的一个重要内容。提出一种新的基于小波熵的弱心电信号去噪方法,先将信号小波分解,再对不同分解尺度上的高频系数进行小波熵阈值的量化处理,然后利用最高一层小波分解的低频系数分量和经过阈值处理的不同尺度的高频小波系数分量,组成进行信号重构所需要的系数分量进行重构,将严重的干扰和噪声去掉,实现有效信号的提取。最后分别利用临床的实测心电数据和M IT/B IH心电数据库信号进行验证,并针对不同噪声类型和不同信噪比情况进行分析。结果表明,该方法简单有效,尤其对于高频噪声效果更优,且适于实际应用。     

基于固有模态分解和深度学习的抑郁症脑电信号分类分析

以采集到的抑郁症患者和正常人的脑电信号为基础,采用固有模态分解算法对原始信号去噪处理,通过卷积神经网络对抑郁症患者和正常人进行分类分析。首先通过脑电信号的采集实验,采集15位抑郁症患者和15位正常人对照组Fp1的静息态脑电信号;之后对采集到的静息态脑电进行去噪处理,脑电去噪处理主要包括固有模态分解算法对原始信号的分解获得不同层次的IMF分量,对IMF分量进行频域分析,通过硬阈值的方法剔除原始信号中的噪声信号;最后采用卷积神经网络对抑郁症患者和正常人对照组进行二值分类,结果相较于传统的特征提取-机器学习算法,分类准确率明显提高。     

基于自适应学习的心律失常心拍分类方法

心律失常是因心脏疾病引起的心电活动中的异常症状,早期心室收缩（PVC）是由异位心跳引起的常见心律失常形式。通过心电图（ECG）信号检测PVC对于预测可能的心力衰竭具有重要意义。本文提出一种面向PVC心拍分类的心电信号分类算法,重点研究基于自适应学习的PVC异常心拍分类特征提取模型,通过计算心拍关联后验概率,结合领域专家标注信息训练分类器,提高整体分类效果。实验采用MIT-BIH心律失常数据库的ECG数据,研究结果表明所提方法针对非线性流形结构数据,能够有效提升小样本心拍自适应分类器的准确性。     

融合CNN和BiLSTM的心律失常心拍分类模型

为更加准确地从动态心电中提取异常心拍,设计一种融合卷积神经网络(CNN)和多层双边长短时记忆网络(BiLSTM)的心律失常心拍分类模型。心电信号首先被分割成0.75 s和4 s两种不同尺度大小的心拍信号,然后利用11层CNN网络和3层BiLSTM网络分别对小/大尺度心拍信号进行特征提取与合并,并使用3层全连接网络对合并特征进行降维,最后利用softmax函数实现分类。针对MIT心律失常数据库异常心拍类型分布不均衡的问题,采用添加随机运动噪声和基线漂移噪声的样本扩展方法,降低模型的过拟合。采用基于患者的5折交叉检验进行模型验证。MIT心律失常数据库116 000个心拍的分类结果表明:所建立的模型针对4类心拍(正常、房性早搏、室性早搏、未分类)的识别准确率为90.42%,比单独使用CNN(76.45%)和BiLSTM(83.28%)的模型分别提高13.97%和7.14%。所提出的融合CNN和BiLSTM的心律失常心拍分类模型,相比单一基于CNN模型或者BiLSTM模型的机器学习算法,有更好的异常心拍分类准确率。     

基于EMD与IMF分量统计特性的ECG去噪

经验模式分解（EMD）域内心电（ECG）信号的去噪,通常为基于QRS特征波经验性识别固有模态函数（IMF）分量并重建ECG信号。由于该方法引入个人误差,因此识别不准确。针对此问题,本文提出利用EMD与IMF分量统计特性对ECG信号进行去噪。本方法首先对含噪ECG信号进行EMD分解得到一系列IMF分量,然后利用IMF分量的统计特性识别IMF分量属性,并采用被识别为ECG信号的IMF分量重建ECG信号。该识别方法基于统计学方法,具有统计学和现实物理意义。将本方法应用于真实ECG信号去噪处理中,结果表明,本方法可有效去除ECG信号基线漂移噪声与肌电干扰噪声,去噪效果优于经验法。     

基于EMD的自适应ECG信号基线漂移消除方法研究

对比目前使用EMD或改进EMD方法进行的心电（ECG）信号基线漂移去除算法的实现。本文在详细考察EMD方法过程的基础上,提出一种与EMD物理意义高度契合的完全自适应的基线漂移算法,通过计算ECG平均心率周期,与EMD分解产生的IMF分量的“周期”进行对比,分离出不属于ECG信号的低频IMF分量,然后重构其余IMF分量得到去除基线漂移的ECG信号。使用美国麻省理工学院提供的MIT-BIH心率失常数据库中的原始ECG对本文提出的基线漂移去除方法进行定性分析。使用ECGSYN（实际ECG波形发生器）产生模拟干净的ECG信号,加入已知的低频信号作为基线漂移噪声,对本文提出的基线漂移去除方法进行定量分析。     

基于白噪声分离的集合经验模态分解心电信号去噪方法研究

集合经验模态分解(EEMD)是一种处理心电等非平稳信号的有效方法,但其参数白噪声比值系数与平均次数依靠经验设置,导致处理结果准确度低且对未知信号自适应性差。针对上述问题,本研究提出了基于白噪声分离的EEMD心电信号去噪方法。该方法通过经验模态分解(EMD)将心电信号分解至不同频带,基于白噪声能量密度和对应的平均周期的乘积趋向于一个常数的特性,提取信号高频分量重构信号高频成分;依据避免模态混叠参数准则实现针对不同信号的分解参数自适应获取。经过对心电信号的验证,结果表明该方法去噪效果明显,自适应性强,是一种有效的去噪方法。     

基于子波变换的癫痫脑电信号检测方法的研究

当前癫痫自动检测方法,通常采用希尔伯特黄变换结合脑电信号变换规律进行检测,易受到噪声的干扰,检测结果存在一定的误差。据此,深入研究基于子波变换的癫痫脑电信号检测方法,依据子波变换检测癫痫脑电信号的原理,采用子波变换对含噪的脑电信号进行去噪后,考虑到癫痫患者发病时,脑电信号里异常特征波导致信号波动幅度较大,采用TQWT小波分解并重构脑电信号,提取重构后的脑电信号里有效值与峰峰值指标构成特征分量,根据特征分量设定正常与发病两种样本,通过支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)分类器对脑电波信号样本分类,实现患者癫痫脑电信号的准确检测。实验结果表明,所提方法可有效检测癫痫脑电信号,检测灵敏度、特异性和准确率均值分别是98.73%、18.84%、98.87%,适用于癫痫脑电信号检测。     

基于BP神经网络的手势动作表面肌电信号的模式识别

手势语言在日常生活中有着广泛的应用,本研究利用手势动作时从前臂4块肌肉上获取的4路表面肌电（SEMG）信号,经特征提取并采用BP神经网络,对8种手势动作模式进行了识别。鉴于BP网络具有较强的模式分类能力,而特征提取（幅度绝对值均值、AR模型系数、过零率）又利用了多路肌电信号的信息,实验结果取得了较高的识别正确率,表明所采用的方法是有效的。     

Cardiac arrhythmia classification using neural networks.

In this paper, ECG arrhythmia classification using principal component analysis is proposed. Hebbian neural networks are used for computing the principal components of an ECG signal. This provides an unsupervised feature extraction, dimension reduction and an improved computing efficiency. Results from 14 pathological records obtained from the MIT ECG database demonstrate the capability of this method in differentiating between five different types of arrhythmia despite the variations in signal morphology. An average value for classification sensitivity and positive predictivity were found to be Se% = 98.1% and +P% = 94.7% respectively.     

基于波形特征和SVM的心电信号自动分类方法研究

目的:提出一种新的基于波形特征和SVM的心电信号自动分类实现方法。方法:定义并提取了基于时域特征、小波域特征和高阶统计量特征等三大类心电特征参数,将一次性直接求解多类模式的SVM方法应用于心电信号分类。结果:通过对心电数据库典型心律失常信号的分类测试,验证了所提出心电信号分类方法的有效性。结论:本方法的实现可以有效提高了分类识别精度和速度。     

High efficient system for automatic classification of the electrocardiogram beats

Automatic classification of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is an important subject for clinical diagnosis of heart disease. This study investigates the design of a high-efficient system to classify five types of ECG beat namely normal beats and four manifestations of heart arrhythmia, in twofold. First, we propose a system that includes two main modules: a feature extraction module and a classification module. Feature extraction module extracts a suitable combination of the ECG’s morphological characteristics and timing interval features. Discrete wavelet transform is used to extract the morphological features. In the classification module, a multi-class support vector machine (SVM)-based classifier is employed. The parameters of this system are determined based on a trial and error method and its performance is evaluated for the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. Extensive experiments on the parameters of this system such as classifier kernels and various types of features are conducted. These experiments show that in SVM training, the kernels, kernel parameters, and feature selection have very important roles for SVM classification accuracy. Therefore, most appropriates of these parameters should be used for SVM training. Then at the second fold, a novel hybrid intelligent system (HIS) is proposed that consists of three main modules. In the HIS, further to the two mentioned modules, an optimization module is added. In this module, a genetic algorithm is used for optimization of the relevant parameters of system. These parameters are: wavelet filter type for feature extraction, wavelet decomposition level, and classifier’s parameters. Experimental results show that optimization improves the recognition system, efficiently, and HIS is more superior to the system, which as constant parameters.     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波和奇异值分解算法的单通道胎儿心电提取方法

提出一种将扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法和奇异值分解(SVD)算法相结合的单通道胎儿心电提取方法。首先,建立母体心电的动态模型,利用该模型通过扩展卡尔曼滤波或扩展卡尔曼平滑(EKS),从孕妇的单通道腹部信号中估计出母体心电成分,然后与单通道腹部信号相减得到胎儿心电信号的初步估计,随后再利用奇异值分解算法,对初步估计出的胎儿心电信号进行去噪处理,以期得到高信噪比的胎儿心电信号。另外,针对胎儿心律不齐的情况,在奇异值分解算法中提出一种改进的心电信号重构矩阵构造方法。对合成腹部信号和实际腹部信号(源于DaISy数据库和PhysioNet中的非侵入式胎儿心电数据库,共计49个腹部通道的数据),进行胎儿心电提取实验。结果表明,使用EKF+SVD或EKS+SVD的算法比单独使用EKF或EKS的算法,提取出的胎儿心电信号的信噪比提高约5 dB,胎儿心电提取的准确性分别达95.60%和95.94%。结合EKF和SVD算法的单通道胎儿心电提取方法,可以有效地提高胎儿心电信号的信噪比和提取的准确性,并且适用于母体或胎儿心律不齐的情况。     

Support vector machine-based arrhythmia classification using reduced features of heart rate variability signal

OBJECTIVE: This paper presents an effective cardiac arrhythmia classification algorithm using the heart rate variability (HRV) signal. The proposed algorithm is based on the generalized discriminant analysis (GDA) feature reduction scheme and the support vector machine (SVM) classifier. METHODOLOGY: Initially 15 different features are extracted from the input HRV signal by means of linear and nonlinear methods. These features are then reduced to only five features by the GDA technique. This not only reduces the number of the input features but also increases the classification accuracy by selecting most discriminating features. Finally, the SVM combined with the one-against-all strategy is used to classify the HRV signals. RESULTS: The proposed GDA- and SVM-based cardiac arrhythmia classification algorithm is applied to input HRV signals, obtained from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, to discriminate six different types of cardiac arrhythmia. In particular, the HRV signals representing the six different types of arrhythmia classes including normal sinus rhythm, premature ventricular contraction, atrial fibrillation, sick sinus syndrome, ventricular fibrillation and 2 degrees heart block are classified with an accuracy of 98.94%, 98.96%, 98.53%, 98.51%, 100% and 100%, respectively, which are better than any other previously reported results. CONCLUSION: An effective cardiac arrhythmia classification algorithm is presented. A main advantage of the proposed algorithm, compared to the approaches which use the ECG signal itself is the fact that it is completely based on the HRV (R-R interval) signal which can be extracted from even a very noisy ECG signal with a relatively high accuracy. Moreover, the usage of the HRV signal leads to an effective reduction of the processing time, which provides an online arrhythmia classification system. A main drawback of the proposed algorithm is however that some arrhythmia types such as left bundle branch block and right bundle branch block beats cannot be detected using only the features extracted from the HRV signal.     

ECG beat classification using empirical mode decomposition and mixture of features

Computer-aided analysis is useful in predicting arrhythmia conditions of the heart by analysing the recorded ECG signals. In this work, we proposed a method to detect, extract informative features to classify six types of heartbeat of ECG signals obtained from the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database. The powerful discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to eliminate different sources of noises. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) with adaptive thresholding has been used to detect precise R-peaks and QRS complex. The significant features consists of temporal, morphological and statistical were extracted from the processed ECG signals and combined to form a set of features. This feature set is classified with probabilistic neural network (PNN) and radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN) to recognise the arrhythmia beats. The process achieved better result with sensitivity of 99.96%, and positive predictivity of 99.81 with error rate of 0.23% in detecting the QRS complex. In class-oriented scheme, the arrhythmia conditions are classified with accuracy of 99.54%, 99.89% using PNN and RBF-NN classifier respectively. The obtained result confirms the superiority of the proposed scheme compared to other published results cited in literature.     

心电信号多周期融合特征提取和分类研究

多数现存的心电信号（ECG）分割方法是针对一个心电周期内重要的特征波段而言的，这样的分割方法不能全面反映疾病的综合特征和全貌，特征提取和分类因此受到了影响。为此，提出基于多心电周期融合特征提取研究。文中用不同的ECG分割方法和样本定义得到5个以ARMA系数为特征的向量集，对MIT-BIH数据库中的正常窦性心律（NSR）和心室早期收缩（PVC）分别进行基于Fisher准则和二次判别函数的分类测试。结果表明，基于多心电周期的特征提取能明显地改进分类效果。     

基于迁移学习的深层卷积神经网络心电信号疲劳分类

传统的心电疲劳分类方法虽然能有效地识别疲劳状态,但需要采集较长时间的信号,不能达到疲劳状态的实时监测。本文设计一种深层卷积神经网络模型用于评估操作员疲劳状态,对操作员的短时心电信号进行疲劳状态的自动分类。首先,提出一种将心电信号转化为图像的方法,将采集到的心电信号转化成二维图像,即将心电信号直接映射到二维空间转换成时域图片信息。然后,将图片送入深层卷积神经网络模型中去训练,实现对操作员疲劳状态的分类。本文方法降低了模型的复杂性,减少了模型的参数,同时训练的数据不需要经过类似噪声滤波、特征提取等任何预处理步骤。结果表明该模型能自动从心电信号中提取有效特征,实现对操作员非疲劳和疲劳两种状态的正确分类,分类准确率达到97.36%。