未治疗的甲基苯丙胺所致精神障碍患者的Go/NoGo任务及其事件相关电位特征

目的探讨未经治疗的甲基苯丙胺所致精神障碍患者执行功能的Go/NoGo任务及其事件相关电位特征。方法共随机选取年龄在18~60岁之间符合美国《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第四版(DSM-4)甲基苯丙胺所致精神障碍诊断标准患者35例作为研究组,选择年龄、性别、受教育年限与研究组受试者相匹配的35例健康者作为对照组。两组受试者均予以Go/NoGo检测,并记录事件相关电位(ERPs)P3波幅,将结果加以分析。结果两组之间Go/NoGo任务比较,研究组的正确率较低、错误率较高,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.26~5.39,P0.05或0.01),研究组的反应时长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.02,P0.01);两组之间Go/NoGo模式ERPs比较,研究组各位点的P3波幅均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.38~6.69,P0.05或0.01)。结论甲基苯丙胺所致精神障碍患者未治疗前存在执行功能障碍。     

躯体形式障碍患者的执行功能及Go/NoGo任务下的事件相关电位

目的探讨躯体形式障碍患者的执行功能及Go/NoGo任务下的事件相关电位特征。方法共随机选取年龄在18~65岁之间符合美国《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第四版(DSM-4)诊断标准的患者30例作为研究组,同时选择年龄、性别、受教育年限与研究组相匹配的30例健康者作为对照组。两组受试者均予以威斯康星卡片测验(WCST)及Go/NoGo范式的事件相关电位(ERPs)检测,并将结果加以分析。结果两组之间比较,研究组各电极位点的P3波幅均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.32~8.01,P0.01或0.05);研究组WCST测验的正确应答数及概念化水平百分数项目的分值低于对照组,而错误应答数、选择错误率(%),持续性错误数及持续性错误的百分数项目的分值均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.27~4.77,P0.05或0.01);两组之间的其余WCST项目评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(t=0.48~1.55,P0.05)。结论躯体形式障碍患者存在执行功能障碍。     

年轻吸烟者对错误反应影响的事件相关电位研究

目的:通过事件相关电位技术和Eriksen Flanker任务的结合,探讨青少年吸烟者的认知控制能力是否存在异常。方法:采用被试者包括吸烟者19名(n=19),以及年龄、性别、受教育年限等与之相匹配的健康非吸烟者19名(n=19),比较两组的错误相关成分错误正波及其行为学任务表现。结果:与健康非吸烟者相比,吸烟组的错误数明显增加(F=5.133,P=0.030)。同时,青少年吸烟者的错误正波Pe的波幅有明显降低(P<0.001)。结论:青少年吸烟者存在错误处理缺陷,错误处理能力的降低可能与吸烟有关。     

强迫症患者GO/NOGO任务的事件相关电位研究

目的:探讨强迫症患者执行GO/NOGO任务时所诱发的事件相关电位(ERPs)特点,初步探讨GO/NOGO任务所诱发的ERP成分与脑反应抑制过程的关系.方法:记录22名强迫症患者和21名正常对照在执行线索引导的视觉GO/NOGO任务时诱发的ERPs.该任务序列包括400个刺激,需要被试作出反应的GO刺激及需要被试抑制反应的NOGO刺激各占10%.结果:强迫症患者在GO任务中的平均反应时长于正常对照组(351.0±56.8/307.1±53.5 ms,t=2.605,P=0.013),但反应错误数与正常对照组差异不显著(2.5±2.3/1.5±1.7,t=1.626,P=0.112).强迫症患者的GO-P3波幅与对照组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但NOGO-P3波幅在FZ、FCZ、FC3、FC4点较对照组降低(16.0±7.6/20.1±5.7,19.2±8.6/24.7±6.3,14.6±6.3/18.4±5.6,15.7±6.8/20.8±5.7,t=-2.01～-2.65,均P＜0.05),强迫症患者的GO/NOGO-P3潜伏期与正常对照组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).强迫症患者颅脑电位分布范围小于正常对照,其中以NOGO任务额区脑电活动减弱为明显.结论:强迫症患者GO/NOGO任务所诱发的事件相关电位表现异常.NOGO-P3可能是反应额叶反应抑制过程的重要成分.     

进食障碍患者注意偏向及抑制控制的事件相关电位研究(综述)

进食障碍是一类易复发、疾病负担重的慢性疾病。进食障碍患者存在与执行功能相关的神经认知缺陷,其中最主要的表现是注意偏向及抑制控制的异常。随着事件相关电位研究的发展,进食障碍患者认知异常背后的神经机制得以被探究。本文回顾了近年来进食障碍患者注意偏向以及抑制控制两方面相关的事件相关电位研究,为基于神经认知机制诊疗方案的发展提供了参考。     

基于事件相关电位的认知负荷对任务时间效应的影响规律研究

为了探究不同脑力负荷下与任务时间效应相关的事件相关电位特征的变化规律,本研究设计了基于0-back和3-back任务的任务时间效应实验范式,以此开展了基于20名健康受试者的任务时间效应研究,并分析了被试在任务中的行为学和事件相关电位特征的变化规律。结果发现,在3-back任务中,受试者工作记忆任务的平均反应时间随着任务时间的增加显著下降(P<0.05)。而3-back与0-back任务中,受试者的反应时间变化系数随任务时间增加显著上升(P<0.05)。在不同认知负荷下,受试者两侧枕区的N1幅值均随任务时间增加而显著上升(P<0.05),前额区的P2幅值和P300幅值则随任务时间显著下降(P<0.05)。在0-back任务中,受试者枕区P300幅值变化量显著低于3-back任务(P<0.05)。在0-back和3-back任务中,受试者前额区P2幅值变化和反应时间线性相关(r=-0.44,P<0.05;r=-0.59,P<0.05),同时P2幅值和反应时间相关系数呈显著负相关(r=-0.39,P<0.05;r=-0.42,P<0.05...     

神经衰弱患者事件相关电位研究

本文对神经衰弱患者及正常对照者进行了事件相关电位检查,分析其中P_(300)成分的潜伏期、波幅,结果发现与正常对照组相比,神经衰弱患者P_(300)波幅较低,而潜伏期无显著差异,表明患者大脑皮质功能弱化。本研究结果提示事件相关电位可作为诊断神经衰弱的一项辅助检查。     

帕金森病事件相关电位的研究

帕金森病是一常见的锥体外系疾病 ,并存在认知功能障。本文对 5 6例帕金森病进行事件相关电位 (ＥＲＰ)研究 ,以客观地评定患者的认知功能。现报告如下。1　 对象和方法1 1　 检测对象病例组 :为 1997年 5月— 2 0 0 0年 1月我院门诊及住院病人 ,依据 1984年全国锥体外系疾病讨论会制定的诊断标准[1] 明确诊断。 5 6例中 ,男 34例 ,女 2 2例 ,年龄 39～ 79岁 ,平均 6 0 5岁 ,均为右利手。对照组 :为同期门诊健康体检者。共 5 0例 ,男 31例 ,女19例。年龄 38～ 81岁 ,平均年龄 6 1岁。均为右利手。各年龄段、性别、受教育程度两组相匹配。1 …     

正常人的视觉事件相关电位研究

本文利用三种视觉符号编排的刺激序列，记录了９５名正常人的视觉ＥＲＰ，报道了Ｆｚ、Ｐｚ点Ｎ２、Ｐ３波幅和潜伏期的正常值及Ｎ２、Ｐ３的影响因素。结果表明：该刺激序列可引出清晰、稳定的ＥＲＰ波形；Ｐ３波幅与任务和部位有关，靶Ｐ３波幅大于非靶Ｐ３，靶Ｐ３于Ｐｚ点波幅大于Ｆｚ，非靶Ｐ３在Ｆｚ、Ｐｚ点间波幅无明显差异；Ｎ２波幅与任务无关，靶与非靶之间Ｎ２波幅无差异，而与部位有关，Ｆｚ点波幅大于Ｐｚ点；Ｎ２、Ｐ３受年龄的影响．中老年人Ｎ２、Ｐ３潜伏期长于青年人，而波幅中老年人较青年人低。     

精神分裂症患者的事件相关电位分析

目的:观察精神分裂症患者在疾病早期事件相关电位各成分潜伏期及波幅的变化。方法:对43例精神分裂症患者及42例正常对照组进行事件相关电位N100、P200、N200、P300波的检测。结果:患者组检测结果异常35例,异常率81%。与对照组相比,N100、P200、N200、P300潜伏期均延长,差异有显著性意义,P0.05。P300波波幅降低,差异有极显著性意义,P0.01。对病例组中其发病时间进行两两对比分析,差异无显著性意义,P0.05。结论:精神分裂症患者在疾病的早期就存在认知功能障碍,说明ERPs作为一个客观的电生理指标,对认知功能损害的评定具有极其重要的价值。     

Age-related differences in corticospinal excitability during a Go/NoGo task

Age-related slowing of reaction times (RTs) is well documented but whether the phenomenon reflects deficits in movement preparation and/or response generation processes is unclear. To gain further insight into this issue, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to investigate motor cortex (M1) excitability and short-interval intracortical inhibitory (SICI) processes during a Go/NoGo RT task in younger and older adults. Single- and paired-pulse TMS was delivered over the left M1 during preparation and response generation periods in a right-hand muscle. Younger adults had shorter RTs and a larger increase in corticospinal excitability at response generation period than older adults. SICI modulation for both groups showed a large reduction in inhibition immediately prior to EMG onset. These findings indicate age-related differences in corticospinal excitability during the response generation stage of sensorimotor information processing.     

Effects of inter-stimulus interval on skin conductance responses and event-related potentials in a Go/NoGo task

Skin conductance responses (SCRs) to NoGo stimuli have been found to be smaller than to Go stimuli, possibly due to their diminished task relevance. These findings have been obtained at inter-stimulus intervals (ISI) that were unusually short for SCR recordings. Therefore, we tested whether the same findings would also hold at longer ISIs. Simultaneously, effects of ISI duration on the NoGo-N2 and-P3 components of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were assessed. Go and NoGo stimuli were equiprobable while ISI varied between 2, 5, and 8 s. Although increasing the ISI-enhanced SCR amplitudes in general, it did not modulate the attenuation of the response to NoGo relative to Go stimuli. When considered as difference between NoGo and Go conditions, neither the NoGo-N2 nor the NoGo-P3 was affected by ISI variation. Together, these data confirm the feasibility of co-registering ERPs and SCRs.     

Timing and voluntary suppression of facial mimicry to smiling faces in a Go/NoGo task—An EMG study

Results obtained with a novel emotional Go/NoGo task allowing the investigation of facial mimicry (FM) during the production and inhibition of voluntary smiles are discussed. Healthy participants were asked to smile rapidly to happy faces and maintain a neutral expression to neutral faces, or the reverse. Replicating and extending previous results, happy faces induced FM, as shown by stronger and faster zygomatic activation to happy than neutral faces in Go trials, and a greater number of false alarms to happy faces in NoGo trials. Facial mimicry effects remained present during participants’ active inhibition of facial movement. Latencies of FM were short with 126-250 ms in Go trials, and 251-375 ms in NoGo trials. The utility of the Go/NoGo task, which allows the assessment of response inhibition in the domain of facial expression by installing strong prepotent motor responses via short stimulus presentation times and a great number of Go trials, is discussed.     

Impulse inhibition in people with Internet addiction disorder: Electrophysiological evidence from a Go/NoGo study

We investigated response inhibition in people with Internet addiction disorder (IAD) by recording event-related brain potentials during a Go/NoGo task. Twelve IAD-afflicted and 12 normal university students participated in the study. Results show that the IAD group exhibited lower NoGo-N2 amplitude, higher NoGo-P3 amplitude, and longer NoGo-P3 peak latency than the normal group. The results also suggest that the IAD students had lower activation in the conflict detection stage than the normal group; thus, they had to engage in more cognitive endeavors to complete the inhibition task in the late stage. In addition, the IAD students showed less efficiency in information processing and lower impulse control than their normal peers.     

Preferred EEG brain states at stimulus onset in a fixed interstimulus interval equiprobable auditory Go/NoGo task: A definitive study

This study examined the occurrence of preferred EEG phase states at stimulus onset in an equiprobable auditory Go/NoGo task with a fixed interstimulus interval, and their effects on the resultant event-related potentials (ERPs). We used a sliding short-time FFT decomposition of the EEG at Cz for each trial to assess prestimulus EEG activity in the delta, theta, alpha and beta bands. We determined the phase of each 2 Hz narrow-band contributing to these four broad bands at 125 ms before each stimulus onset, and for the first time, avoided contamination from poststimulus EEG activity. This phase value was extrapolated 125 ms to obtain the phase at stimulus onset, combined into the broad-band phase, and used to sort trials into four phase groups for each of the four broad bands. For each band, ERPs were derived for each phase from the raw EEG activity at 19 sites. Data sets from each band were separately decomposed using temporal Principal Components Analyses with unrestricted VARIMAX rotation to extract N1-1, PN, P2, P3, SW and LP components. Each component was analysed as a function of EEG phase at stimulus onset in the context of a simple conceptualisation of orthogonal phase effects (cortical negativity vs. positivity, negative driving vs. positive driving, waxing vs. waning). The predicted non-random occurrence of phase-defined brain states was confirmed. The preferred states of negativity, negative driving, and waxing were each associated with more efficient stimulus processing, as reflected in amplitude differences of the components. The present results confirm the existence of preferred brain states and their impact on the efficiency of brain dynamics in perceptual and cognitive processing.     

A study on the neural mechanism of inhibition of return by the event-related potential in the Go/NoGo task

Inhibition of return (IOR) is a slowed response to a stimulus at recently cued locations when stimulus-onset asynchronies (SOAs) are longer than 250ms. Using an uninformative peripheral cued Go/Nogo (commit/withdrawal response) task experiment, this study aimed to characterize the neural mechanism of IOR by studying not only the early event-related potentials (ERPs), P1 and N1, but also the late ERPs, Go/Nogo-N2 and P3. Scalp topographies and LORETA showed that the changes in P1 and N1, the cueing effects, were distributed mainly over the dorsal occipito-parietal areas, such as the bilateral middle occipital gyrus and the occipital portion of the cuneus. The changes in the late Nogo-N2 and P3 were distributed mainly over frontal-central areas, such as the right medial frontal gyrus. The Nogo-N2 was smaller and earlier in valid trials than in invalid trials, suggesting that the late component related to IOR was modulated by response preparation inhibition. The Nogo-P3 was larger and later in valid trials than in invalid trials, perhaps indicating that the control system (FEF) was free from an inhibitory marker in the cued locations. These data support a mechanism of IOR consisting of both sensory inhibition and response preparation inhibition.     

Resisting recently acted-on cues: compatibility of Go/NoGo responses to response history modulates (frontal P3) event-related potentials

Using event-related potentials to investigate compatibility between past and present cue-response interactions, an experiment combined elements of selective-attention and Go/NoGo tasks. In the selective-attention part of each trial, participants responded to one of two visible numerical digits. Immediately afterward, in the Go/NoGo part of each trial, one of the same two digits appeared, with participants required to press the corresponding key on Go trials and to withhold responding on NoGo trials. Higher-amplitude anterior P3 responses on NoGo than on Go trials emerged when participants withheld responding to a recently selected cue but were greatly diminished when participants withheld responding to a recently ignored cue. The findings suggest that episodic traces of past Go/NoGo responses guide future action decisions, such that increased response control is needed to overcome bias to respond to recently acted-on NoGo cues.     

The effects of inhibitory control training on alcohol consumption,implicit alcohol-related cognitions and brain electrical activity

This study aimed to replicate findings that alcohol consumption and positive implicit beer-related cognitions can be reduced using inhibitory control (IC) training, with the addition of an active training control. Frontal EEG asymmetry, an objective psychophysiological index of approach motivation, was used as a dependent measure to examine training outcomes. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two IC training conditions (Beer NoGo or Beer Go) or a Brief Alcohol Intervention (BAI) (i.e. the active training control). The IC training tasks consistently paired a stimulus that required a response with images of water (Beer NoGo) or images of beer (Beer Go). Alcohol consumption and implicit beer-related cognitions were measured at pre-training, post-training and at one week follow-up. Frontal EEG asymmetry was recorded during a passive image viewing task that presented neutral, healthy, and beer stimuli — at pre-training, post-training and follow-up. Participants in the Beer NoGo and BAI conditions consumed less beer in a taste test immediately after training than Beer Go participants, suggesting that IC training may be as effective as the already established BAI. The taste test findings were in line with the frontal EEG asymmetry data, which indicated that approach motivation for beer stimuli was altered in the expected directions. However, the positive correlation between post-training frontal EEG asymmetry data and taste test consumption was not significant. While there were no significant changes in implicit beer-related cognitions following training, a trending positive relationship between implicit beer-related cognitions at post-training and taste test consumption was reported. Further exploration addressing the limitations of the current study is required in order to clarify the implications of these findings.