腹腔镜右半结肠切除术外科间隙的解剖学观察

目的探讨腹腔镜右半结肠切除术（LRC）相关筋膜和间隙的局部解剖学特点。方法对7具尸体和49例接受LRC的患者进行解剖学观察：比较腹部健康者和结肠癌患者的CT影像资料。结果在升结肠系膜和肾前筋膜之间存在各向交通的右结肠后间隙：其前、后、中线侧、外侧、头侧和尾侧边界分别为升结肠系膜、各向延续的肾前筋膜、肠系膜上静脉、右结肠旁沟腹膜反折、十二指肠水平部下缘和肠系膜根下缘。在横结肠系膜和胰十二指肠之间．存在横结肠后间隙．其头侧以横结肠系膜根为界。在横结肠系膜和大网膜之间,存在胃结肠系膜间间隙。在CT影像上。正常肾前筋膜是与腹横筋膜相延续的等密度细线,右结肠后间隙无法辨认;但对于右侧结肠癌患者,肾前筋膜和右结肠后间隙可能受侵犯而较易辨认。结论右结肠后间隙和横结肠后间隙对于LRC是天然外科间隙．‘肾前筋膜是天然外科平面。     

达芬奇机器人与腹腔镜手术行右半结肠切除术安全性及有效性的Meta分析

目的探讨达芬奇机器人与腹腔镜手术在右半结肠切除术中的安全性及有效性。方法检索Embase、Medline、Web of Science、中国知网及万方等数据库中2009年12月至今发表的有关右半结肠切除术的相关文献,使用Jadad评分及NOS评分评价文献质量,并使用Revman(5.3版)软件进行Meta分析。结果经过筛选纳入21篇文献,共计样本11 648例,其中机器人组1 523例,腹腔镜组10 125例。Meta分析显示:在手术相关指标上,机器人组相比腹腔镜组手术时间更长[WMD=40.37,95%CI(28.88, 51.86),P<0.01],但淋巴结清扫数更多[WMD=2.01,95%CI(0.59, 3.44),P<0.01],中转开腹率更低[OR=0.31,95%CI(0.11, 0.86),P=0.02],二者术中出血量无显著差异。在围手术期相关指标上,机器人组住院时间更短[WMD=-0.80,95%CI(-1.21,-0.39),P<0.01],肠道恢复更快[WMD=-0.43,95%CI(-0.70,-0.15),P<0.01],但费用比腹...     

全腹腔镜根治性右半结肠切除术

术中切开回结肠血管蒂下缘系膜进入正确层面,处理回结肠血管并清扫203组淋巴结;继续扩展右结肠后间隙,处理右结肠血管并清扫213组淋巴结,处理中结肠血管并清扫223组淋巴结;裁剪右侧半大网膜及横结肠系膜,游离结肠肝曲,向下游离整个右半结肠;全腔镜下行回肠横结肠侧侧吻合,标本装袋后取出。     

腹腔镜与开腹右半结肠切除术根治结肠癌围手术期比较

目的:探讨腹腔镜右半结肠切除术的可行性及近期疗效。方法:回顾分析2004年5月至2009年2月行腹腔镜右半结肠癌根治术22例及开腹右半结肠癌根治术17例患者的临床资料,比较两组患者手术及术后情况。结果:腹腔镜组与开腹组手术时间分别为(199.55±32.3)min、(144.71±28.97)min,差异无统计学意义(P=0.099);切口长度分别为(5.55±0.74)cm、(19.24±2.67)cm,差异有统计学意义(P=0.00);出血量分别为(53.41±43.08)ml、(138.24±65.02)ml,差异有统计学意义(P=0.024);淋巴结清除数分别为(12.73±2.16)枚、(13.12±2.55)枚,差异无统计学意义(P=0.41);术后胃肠道功能恢复时间分别为(23.18±7.79)h、(64.18±13.07)h,差异有统计学意义(P=0.02)。结论:腹腔镜右半结肠癌根治术安全可行,具有患者创伤小,术后康复快的优点,根治效果可达到开腹手术的水平。     

不断提高腹腔镜右半结肠癌根治术规范化水平

腹腔镜技术已广泛应用于结肠癌的手术治疗,并逐步得到普及。由于右半结肠复杂的血管解剖变异,导致术中易于出血,特别是实施完整全结肠系膜切除和彻底D3淋巴结清扫的难度较大,为此,我们需要从患者的合理选择、规范的术前分期、规范化的手术操作、手术质量及病理标本质量控制等方面加深认识,以不断提高腹腔镜右半结肠癌根治术的规范化水平。     

腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术根治结肠癌

目的:探讨腹腔镜右半结肠切除术治疗结肠癌的安全性与有效性。方法:对2000年9月至2003年10月我科为41例右半结肠癌病人所行的腹腔镜右半结肠切除术进行随访,以研究其手术安全性、术后恢复情况及肿瘤的根治性效果。结果:无术中严重并发症和手术死亡病例,2例(4.9%)中转开腹手术;手术时间为(152.65±28.29)min、术中出血平均(112.94±96.36)ml。病人排气时间、下床时间、住院天数分别为(2.24±0.56)、(3.94±1.64)、(13.94±6.5)d。清扫淋巴结总数(11.24±8.02)枚[结肠上旁淋巴结(6.82±4.72)枚,系膜间淋巴结(2.59±2.43)枚,血管根部淋巴结(1.82±2.53)枚],手术切除标本长度(20.88±5.28)cm;除2例肺部感染、1例术后肠梗阻外余病人未见术后并发症;所有病人均获随访(12～46)个月,平均(29.15±7.95)个月,2例(4.9%)局部复发,3例(7.3%)发生肝转移,短期(46个月)累计生存率为74.50%。结论:腹腔镜右半结肠切除术治疗右半结肠癌是安全有效的,符合肿瘤根治原则。     

Impact of laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for colon cancer

INTRODUCTION

This study specifically examined right colonic cancer resection, a common operation for colorectal surgeons starting laparoscopic resection, to assess the impact of commencing laparoscopy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A total of 56 patients undergoing open (n = 34) and attempted laparoscopic (n = 22) elective right hemicolectomy for colorectal cancer between November 2003 and March 2007 were compared. Postoperative stay was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included analgesic requirements, bowel recovery, morbidity and mortality. Frequency of laparoscopic versus open surgery over time was also examined.

RESULTS

Resections attempted laparoscopically increased from 9.1% to 75% in the first and last quarters of the study period, respectively (P = 0.0002). Uptake of ‘enhanced recovery’ was mainly in the laparoscopic group. Conversion was required in two of 22 patients. Attempted laparoscopic cases had a shorter median postoperative stay (6 vs 10 days; P < 0.0001), duration of parenteral or epidural analgesia (48 vs 72 h; P < 0.0001) and time to first bowel action (3 vs 4 days; P = 0.001) compared with open cases. Demography, tumour characteristics, morbidity and mortality were comparable between groups. Multivariate analysis identified decreased age, attempted laparoscopic surgery, use of enhanced recovery and absence of complications as independently shortening postoperative stay.

CONCLUSIONS

Advantages of laparoscopic surgery and enhanced recovery, even early in a surgeon''s experience, suggest this is the preferred mode for elective right colon cancer resection.     

3D和2D腹腔镜右半结肠癌根治术的比较与优势

随着微创理念的普及,腹腔镜手术已成为右半结肠癌根治切除的标准术式。传统的2D腹腔镜手术虽然仍是目前的主流,但随着技术进步,3D腹腔镜手术的发展同样迅猛。相比传统的2D腹腔镜,其最大的特点在于三维立体视觉效果,使得手术的操作更精细,定位更准确。在右半结肠手术中无论是在解剖层面的拓展,Henle干的处理,淋巴结清扫还是消化道重建方面都有一定的优势。由于3D腹腔镜良好的纵深感和距离感,使得初学者能更快的适应镜下的手眼配合,增加术中操作的稳定性和精确性,减少错误操作,缩短腹腔镜右半结肠癌根治术的学习曲线。     

Technique and survival after laparoscopically assisted right hemicolectomy

Background The role of laparoscopic colon resection in the management of colon cancer is still controversial. In this article, the surgical strategy and techniques are described, with further consideration of the oncologically relevant aspects.Methods Between March 1993 and July 2003, we performed laparoscopic right hemicolectomy in 56 patients with right colon carcinoma. Average age was 74.5 years (range, 17–92). We performed a standardized surgical procedure that included mobilization from the vascularized mesenteric bridges with a window technique, transection of the ileocolic lymphovascular pedicle, and lateral and proximal mobilization of the ileocecum, ascending colon, right flexure, and proximale transversum. After enlargement of one of the trocar incisions the exteriorized colon was resected and an extracorporeal anastomosis was performed in the standard manner.Results There were no conversions to open. The mean operating time was 119 ± 38 min, the mean length of resected colon was 27.8 ± 4.48 cm, and the average width of the clear margins was 6.8 ± 5.3 cm. One patient died. Lymph nodes were positive in 21 patients. The 5-year survival rate in the 48 patients who were operated on with curative intent was 75%. We have had two local recurrences. The overall 5-year mortality-free fraction was 63%. Cox multivariate analysis showed that the mortality-prognostic factors were tumor stage and length of resected colon, whereas Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the mortality-prognostic factors were positive lymph nodes and tumor stage.Conclusions Our results show that laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for colon cancer can be performed safely. Complications and recurrence rates are comparable to those for left-sided laparoscopic and open procedures. Therefore, we recommend this procedure as the method of choice. Laparoscopically treated patients with stage II and stage III disease have almost the same cumulative rate of survival.     

单切口腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术手术入路的探讨

目的:探讨侧方入路单切口腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术的可行性及手术优点。方法:回顾分析为11例患者采用侧方入路行单切口腹腔镜右半结肠切除术的临床资料。结果:本组11例患者系膜均完整切除,1例因肿瘤过大且与后腹膜粘连紧密中转开腹,余均顺利完成手术。手术时间平均(225±30)min,术中出血量平均(50±15)ml,术中无输尿管、胰腺或十二指肠损伤等,术后无大出血、腹腔内疝及吻合漏等并发症发生。平均住院(10.5±1.25)d。术后随访3²4个月,中位随访8个月,无慢性腹痛或吻合口狭窄征象。结论:单切口腹腔镜右半结肠切除术的入路选择非常重要,是手术成功实施的关键因素。经侧方入路行单切口腹腔镜右半结肠切除术具有解剖层次清楚、手术时间短、术中出血少等优点,手术安全、可行。     

Clinical outcome of laparoscopic and open colectomy for right colonic carcinoma

INTRODUCTION

Laparoscopic colorectal surgery has gained widespread acceptance. While many studies have compared laparoscopic and open left-sided resections, there is limited literature on right colonic resections. We aimed to analyse the short-term outcome of laparoscopic (LRH) and open right hemicolectomy (ORH) in our unit.

METHODS

Consecutive patients undergoing elective right hemicolectomies over a period of 28 months were included in the study. No selection criteria were used to allocate the surgical approach. Study parameters included surgical technique, demographic details, ASA grade, body mass index (BMI), length of hospital stay (LOS), post-operative mortality and morbidity, readmission rate and histopathological data.

RESULTS

A total of 164 patients underwent right hemicolectomies during the study period (LRH: 89, ORH: 75). Both groups were comparable in age, sex, BMI, ASA grade, tumour stage and lymph node harvest. Four patients (4.5%) in the laparoscopic group required conversion to open surgery. In resections with curative intent, microscopic margins were positive in two patients (3%) in the ORH group compared to one (1%) in the LRH group. Seven ORH patients had an adverse post-operative outcome (three anastomotic leaks, four deaths); there were no deaths/immediate complications in the LRH group (p<0.05). The median LOS for LRH patients (4 days, range: 2–21 days) was significantly shorter than for ORH patients (8 days, range: 3–38 days) (p<0.0001, Mann–Whitney U test). By day 5, 77% of LRH patients were discharged compared with only 21% of patients in the ORH group. There were two readmissions (2.7%) in the ORH group and nine (10.1%) in the LRH group.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings demonstrate advantages in favour of LRH in terms of a shorter hospital stay and reduced post-operative major complications. LRH is safe and should therefore be available to all patients requiring colonic resection.     

腹腔镜右半结肠切除术35例临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜右半结肠切除术治疗结肠癌的安全性与有效性。方法:回顾分析2002年2月至2004年12月行腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术35例患者的临床资料和随访情况,以研究其手术的安全性,术后康复情况及肿瘤的根治性效果。结果:术中未发生严重并发症和死亡病例,2例(5.7%)中转开腹,手术时间(155.14±35.79)min,术中出血(111.43±87.62)ml,辅助切口长(5.69±1.00)cm,患者排气时间(2.54±1.12)d,总住院时间(14.54±6.45)d。清扫淋巴结总数14(0~50)枚,其中结肠上、旁淋巴结4(0~21)枚,系膜间淋巴结5(0~18)枚,血管根部淋巴结3(0~35)枚,手术切除标本长度(20.73±7.14)cm,肺部感染、术后腹水、腹腔局部积液、乳糜漏各1例,余者未见术后并发症,患者均获随访,平均41个月(8~68个月),2例局部复发,3例术后发生肝转移,累计生存率为76.8%。结论:腹腔镜右半结肠切除术治疗右半结肠癌安全有效,符合肿瘤根治原则。     

单孔腹腔镜右半结肠切除术31例临床分析

目的：探讨单孔腹腔镜右半结肠切除术治疗结肠癌的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2014年1月－2014年6月期间在我院行单孔腹腔镜治疗的31例升结肠癌患者的完整临床资料作为研究对象,研究该治疗方法的安全性与有效性。结果31例患者未出现1例术中死亡,其中26例患者单孔腹腔镜手术顺利完成,其余5例（16．13％）进行中转开腹。手术时间为（118．4±52．7）min,手术过程中患者出血量为（104．7±79．2）ml。术后腹水及感染各1例,特殊治疗后均好转出院。结论采用单孔腹腔镜右半结肠切除术治疗结肠癌是一种有效的治疗方案,具有损伤小、术后康复快等一系列优势,值得推广。     

腹腔镜右半结肠切除术改良路径的应用

目的 探讨改良手术路径在腹腔镜右半结肠切除术中的应用.方法 采用回顾性研究的方法,选取右半结肠癌患者97例.根据不同的手术路径分为观察组(改良腔镜手术组,n =48)和对照组(传统腔镜手术组,n=49).主要观察比较两种手术路径的手术质量相关指标(手术时间、术中出血量和中转手术例数),其次观察比较术后恢复情况[排气时间、淋巴结清扫个数、并发症(肺部感染、切口感染、吻合口漏)].结果 改良腔镜手术组的手术时间短于传统腔镜手术组[(124.0±27.8) nin vs(156.0±43.6) min,t=4.303,P＜0.05],在术中出血量、中转手术例数、术后排气时间、术后并发症(肺部感染、切口感染、吻合口漏)等方面两组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 腹腔镜右半结肠切除改良路径使手术时间缩短,是一种更容易操作、稳定、规律的手术路径,值得临床推广.     

腹腔镜辅助D3淋巴结廓清术治疗右半结肠癌的短期疗效

目的 探讨中间人路腹腔镜辅助D3淋巴结廓清术治疗右半结肠癌的可行性及短期疗效.方法 2006年3月至2010年6月,对61例右半结肠癌患者施行中间人路D3淋巴结廓清手术,其中腹腔镜辅助手术（LARH组）29例,传统开腹手术（ORH组）32例.比较两组患者的淋巴结清扫数目、手术情况、术后恢复情况、并发症发生率和住院死亡率.结果 LARH组和ORH组患者淋巴结清扫数目分别为（16.9±3.8）枚和（15.4±3.6）枚,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.LARH组手术时间[（214.4±37.9）min]显著长于ORH组[（193.3±28.8）min,P=0.016],但术中出血量[（83.4±38.0）ml]、术后首次肛门排气时间[（44.6±20.8）h]、进流质时间[（32.5±10.6）h]、住院时间[（11.2±2.2）d]均显著少于ORH组[（192.7±43.6）ml、（70.4±80.0）h、（59.7±10.4）h和（13.8±2.8）d],两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.LARH组手术并发症发生率10.4%,ORH组9.4%;两组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 右半结肠癌行腹腔镜辅助D3淋巴结廓清术,可达到与开腹相当的根治切除效果,技术上安全可行,具有创伤小、术后恢复快的优点.     

Single‐incision right hemicolectomy for malignancy: a feasible technique with standard laparoscopic instrumentation

Aim Single‐incision laparoscopy is a rapidly evolving technique in the spectrum ‘standard laparoscopy‐natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)’. From a commercial perspective, purchase of articulating instruments is advised. However, here we present our early experience with single‐incision laparoscopy for right hemicolectomy with standard laparoscopic instrumentation. Method Between June 2010 and December 2011, 25 patients presenting with malignant disease underwent single‐incision laparoscopy for right hemicolectomy. Four different ports (SILS? port, Covidien; SSL^® Access system, Ethicon; X‐Cone/S‐Portal^®, Storz; and OCTO? port, AFS Medical) were used. Patients were recruited prospectively and all data were processed retrospectively. Results Twenty‐five patients were included in our study (and their characteristics, described later in this paragraph, are expressed as median (range)). Four conversions to standard laparoscopy were performed. The age of patients was 69 (36–89) years, and they had a body mass index (BMI) of 24.5 (19.1–34.2). The duration of surgery was 110 (70–148) min with a healed skin incision length of 35 (20–60) mm. Hospital stay was 5 (2–15) days. In four patients discharge was delayed because of comorbidity. One patient suffered an overwhelming pneumonia. Conclusion Single‐incision laparoscopy using standard laparoscopic instruments appears to be a safe and feasible technique for malignant disease requiring right hemicolectomy. Randomized, prospective trials are ongoing to prove the benefits of this technique and to compare its oncological outcome measures with those of conventional laparoscopy. In our experience, a low‐profile port with a wide intra‐abdominal range of motion is most preferable.     

腹腔镜右半结肠癌切除术后中长期随访分析研究

目的探讨影响腹腔镜右半结肠癌切除术后患者生存时间的因素。方法收集并回顾性分析2004年2月至2011年3月间北京大学第三医院普通外科经腹腔镜施行右半结肠癌切除术患者的病例资料和随访资料．运用Kaplan—Meier法计算生存率并进行单因素分析，利用Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析。结果164例腹腔镜右半结肠癌切除术患者中，中转开腹12例（7-3％）。围手术期并发症发生率为18．9％（31／164）。中位随访时间为27（5～85）个月。全组5年总体生存率为81．5％。5年无瘤生存率为75．7％，5年肿瘤相关生存率为78．7％。单因素分析和多因素分析结果均显示．TNM分期及中转开腹对患者生存时间的影响有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论TNM分期及中转开腹是影响腹腔镜右半结肠癌切除术后患者生存时间的独立因素。     

腹腔镜右半结肠全结肠系膜切除术操作流程的优化

目的:总结腹腔镜右半结肠全结肠系膜切除术(complete mesocolic excision,CME)更容易操作、更加优化的操作流程,并探讨其安全性与可行性。方法:回顾分析2015年1月至2016年1月采用本优化流程手术治疗的46例右半结肠癌患者的临床资料。其中男26例,女20例,平均(63.9±11.6)岁,BMI平均(24.7±2.7)。7例合并心血管疾病,3例合并呼吸系统疾病,3例合并糖尿病。肿瘤长径平均(4.6±2.3)cm。1例患者肿瘤为高分化腺癌,20例为中分化腺癌,18例为低分化腺癌,7例为其他类型。其中T_2期23例,T_3期19例,T_(4a)期4例。术中沿升结肠系膜后叶固有筋膜游离并扩展平面,顺时针游离右半结肠。结果:46例均成功完成手术,手术时间平均(124.4±27.8)min,出血量平均(61.7±38.7)ml,清扫淋巴结数量平均(27.2±9.0)枚,术后排气时间平均(3.4±0.8)d。无术后肠梗阻、腹腔出血、吻合口出血、吻合口瘘等严重并发症发生及围手术期死亡病例。结论:腹腔镜右半结肠CME优化的操作流程是安全、可行的,同时降低了手术难度,值得临床推广。