Pseudolymphoma of the liver: Sonographic findings and review of the literature

We report a case of hepatic pseudolymphoma in a 67-year-old woman that was detected during an abdominal sonography screening. The lesion was further evaluated using CT, MRI, angiography, and contrast-enhanced sonography. The imaging features of this tumor are discussed herein. The diagnosis of pseudolymphoma was achieved via sonographically guided biopsy. The lesion regressed completely within 1 year.     

Endobronchial pseudolymphoma associated with Sj?gren's syndrome. Report of a case

A case of pseudolymphoma occurring in a patient with Sj?gren's syndrome is described. The lesion, which gave rise to intraluminal tumor masses in the airway, grew progressively, resulting in severe dyspnea. Treatment with prednisolone brought relief. The lymphoproliferative disorders, the principle clinical manifestation of which was pseudolymphoma, might have given rise to the M-component of the IgA-Ktype.     

Lymphocyte phenotype and function in pseudolymphoma associated with Sj?gren's syndrome.

Lymph node (LNL) and salivary gland lymphocytes (SGL) from three patients with pseudolymphoma and primary Sjögren's syndrome (1(0)SS) were characterized with monoclonal antibodies to demonstrate (a) a predominance of T cells (greater than 80%) reactive with anti-T cell antibodies OKT4 (greater than 70%) and OKT8 (less than 20%); (b) a high prevalence of activation antigens (greater than 50% of cells reactive with antibody OKT10 and anti-Ia antibody); (c) polyclonal B cells (8-15% of all cells expressing kappa or lambda); and (d) a specific B cell subset defined by reactivity with antibody B532 that was not present in their peripheral blood. In vitro functional studies showed that both SGL and LNL provided T helper activity for immunoglobulin synthesis and that this activity could be abolished by treatment with antibody OKT4 plus complement. The SGL and LNL exhibited little natural killer, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, or cytotoxic T cell activity. Normal karyotype was observed in SGL, LNL, and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from these patients. These findings indicate that pseudolymphoma in 1(0)SS results from the infiltration of salivary glands and extraglandular tissues by nonneoplastic T helper cells. Monoclonal antibodies provide an important tool to distinguish pseudolymphoma from non-Hodgkins (B cell) lymphomas that have a markedly elevated incidence in 1(0)SS patients. Our finding of T helper cells in pseudolymphoma tissues supports the hypothesis that chronic stimulation of B cells by helper T cells leads to eventual escape of a malignant B cell clone.     

Treatment of benign orbital pseudolymphomas with the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab

OBJECTIVE: To report the results of treating patients with orbital pseudolymphomas with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were included in the study if they had an orbital mass and biopsy-proven orbital pseudolymphomas between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2005. The study focused on patients treated with rituximab. RESULTS: Ninety-eight patients were evaluated, and the biopsy results revealed malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 72 (73%); the other 26 (27%) had a pseudolymphoma. Eleven (42%) of the 26 patients with a pseudolymphoma were treated with rituximab, 375 mg/m2, intravenously each week for 4 doses, and 10 (91%) of the 11 responded. Seven patients were either treated with maintenance rituximab or successfully retreated with rituximab after relapse. None of the 10 responders has become refractory to rituximab. CONCLUSION: Benign lymphoproliferative tumors are responsive to monoclonal antibody therapy targeted to B lymphocytes. Rituximab should be considered a treatment option for orbital pseudolymphomas.     

肝假性淋巴瘤的MRI征象分析

目的：研究肝脏假性淋巴瘤MRI弥散加权成像和动态增强的影像学特征。方法：回顾性分析经病理证实的14例肝假性淋巴瘤患者22个病灶的MRI表现，对MRI各序列信号特征及动态增强各期强化特点进行定性评价。结果：MRI平扫病灶均呈同质性，DWI明显高信号，ADC明显低信号。15个病灶周围沿汇管区DWI呈线性高信号。3个病灶在T2WI和DWI上发现了从病变处沿门静脉延伸的邻近肝实质的楔形水肿信号改变。增强后7个病灶动脉期厚壁环形强化，门脉及延迟期病变内部强化幅度减低，周围持续环形强化；13个病灶动脉期不同程度强化，其中9个病灶轻中度强化、4个病灶明显强化，门脉期及延迟期中央廓清，边缘仍强化；2个病灶动脉期轻中度强化，门脉及延迟期呈等信号。结论：肝脏假性淋巴瘤多小于2cm，信号均匀、弥散明显受限及DCE-MRI不同时期环形强化为其特异性征象，同时病灶周围汇管区DWI线性高信号及沿门静脉邻近肝实质的楔形水肿的发现更有助于肝RLH的诊断。     

Hepatic pseudolymphoma: imaging–pathologic correlation with special reference to hemodynamic analysis

Objectives

To clarify radiological findings and hemodynamic characteristics of hepatic pseudolymphoma, as compared with the histopathological findings.

Methods

Radiological findings of ten histopathologically confirmed hepatic pseudolymphomas in seven patients were examined using US, CT, and MRI. Six patients also underwent angiography-assisted CT, including CT during arterial portography (CTAP) and CT during hepatic arteriography (CTHA) to analyze hemodynamics.

Results

The nodules were depicted as hypoechoic on US, hypodense on precontrast CT, hypointense on T1-weighted images, and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. On contrast-enhanced CT/MRI, they showed various degrees of enhancement, and sometimes, perinodular enhancement was observed at the arterial dominant and/or equilibrium phase. On CTAP, the nodules showed portal perfusion defects, including some in the perinodular liver parenchyma. On CTHA, irregular bordered enhancement was observed in perinodular liver parenchyma on early phase, and continued until delayed phase. Some nodules had preserved intra-tumoral portal tracts. Histopathologically, the nodules consisted of marked lymphoid cells. In perinodular liver parenchyma, stenosis or disappearance of portal venules, caused by lymphoid cell infiltration in the portal tracts, was observed.

Conclusions

Hepatic pseudolymphoma showed some characteristic radiological findings including hemodynamics on CT, MRI, and angiography-assisted CT. These findings are useful in the differentiation from hepatocellular carcinoma and other tumors.     

The natural course of primary Sj?gren's syndrome (a clinical study)

In this work the authors analyzed the clinical course and diagnostic procedures of 104 patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS): 57 patients diagnosed and followed-up at Ioannina University and 47 similar patients treated at the National Institute of Health (USA). Both studies have shown that pSS is predominantly a female disease with a latent period of 6-8 yrs from the time of the first symptom to the time of final diagnosis. Although the syndrome begins almost exclusively with glandular manifestations (xerostomia, xerophthalmia or parotid gland enlargement), in a respectable percentage of patients it eventually progresses to extraglandular involvement. pSS can be potentially complicated by benign (pseudolymphoma) or malignant (lymphoma) lymphoproliferative disorders.     

皮肤麻风病6例临床病理观察及误诊分析

目的 探讨皮肤麻风病的临床病理特征,讨论需要鉴别诊断的疾病并吸取误诊教训.方法 收集皮肤麻风病6例,回顾性分析其临床资料、HE、免疫组化、抗酸染色及病理诊断结果 .结果 6例中除3例因临床及病理特征典型首次活检即被确诊外,其余3例初始均被误诊.1例误诊为皮肤假性淋巴瘤和皮肤非霍奇金淋巴瘤, 1例误为皮肤纤维组织细胞瘤,1例误为炎性肉芽肿伴化脓性炎和皮肤脂膜炎样T细胞淋巴瘤,后经多家医院会诊并加做抗酸染色方确诊.结论 麻风病现已较为少见,非典型病例较易误为肿瘤或其他炎性疾病.     

Impaired Lymphocyte Transformation and Delayed Hypersensitivity in Sjögren's Syndrome

In vitro lymphocyte transformation in response to phytohemagglutinin and streptolysin O and in vivo skin sensitization to 2,4-dinitrochloro-benzene has been studied in patients with Sjögren's syndrome and in normal controls of comparable age and sex. Both the in vivo and in vitro responses were significantly impaired in the Sjögren's patients as compared to the controls. This lack of response to mitogenic agents is probably due to an intrinsic defect in the lymphocytes rather than to a serum factor. The abnormalities were less marked in patients whose disease was localized to the parotid and lacrimal glands than in those with generalized disease, i.e., with complicating rheumatoid arthritis or pseudolymphoma.     

Decreased autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in Sj?gren's syndrome.

The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) measures the response of peripheral blood T cells to antigens present on the surface of non-T cells. The AMLR was studied in 25 patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). The AMLR was decreased in 15 of 25 (60%) of patients with SS (5,272 +/- 6,738 cpm vs. 14,396 +/- 10,092 cpm for the normal controls, P < 0.001). The AMLR was decreased in 8 of 15 patients with only glandular disease who were not on any systemic medications. Patients with SS and associated disease had lower responses than patients with SS alone. Two patients with pseudolymphoma had absent response. The decreased AMLR correlated with a decreased response to concanavalin A, suggesting a possible abnormality of a T cell subpopulation. There was no correlation between the decreased AMLR and age, focus score, serum immunoglobulin concentration, the titer of antilymphocyte antibody, or phytohemagglutinin response. In allogeneic MLR, SS non-T cells and macrophages stimulated normal allogeneic T cells less well than normal non-T cells and macrophages, suggesting a possible abnormality in the cells that stimulate in the cells that stimulate in the allogeneic MLR.     

Atypical lymphadenopathies of the head and neck

Atypical lymphadenopathies fail to achieve the morphologic criteria of a malignant neoplasm, but exceed the usual concepts of follicular, lymphoid, or sinus histiocytic hyperplasias. Rich cellular proliferations usually composed of prominent histiocytes, or immunoblasts, or both with or without a vascular scaffolding obscure the nodal architecture. Toxoplasmosis, infectious mononucleosis, zoster, and vaccination-induced lymphadenopathies are caused by infectious agents, dermatopathic lymphadenitis is associated with cutaneous disease, anticonvulsant pseudolymphoma occurs in individuals hypersensitive to anticonvulsants (usually phenytoin), and Chediak-Higashi syndrome is an inherited abnormality of lysosomal microtubule function; the causes of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, giant lymph node hyperplasia, angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, and this histiocytoses remain unknown. The clinical course of these abnormalities varies from self-limited acute diseases (viral lymphadenopathies, toxoplasmosis, dermatopathic lymphadenitis, and usually anticonvulsive lymphadenopathy) to protracted, but benign abnormalities (sinus histiocytes with massive lymphadenopathy, giant lymph node hyperplasia, and multifocal eosinophilic granuloma). The diagnosis of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, and mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome necessitates a guarded prognosis, for death or the advent of a malignant lymphoma may interrupt their clinical course. Acute disseminated histiocytosis, even though the proliferated cell lacks the cytologic criteria of malignancy, should be regarded and treated as a malignant neoplasm.     

Confirmation of lymphomatous pulmonary involvement by immunophenotypic and gene rearrangement analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

Pathologic diagnosis of pulmonary involvement with lymphoma has traditionally necessitated open-lung biopsy in most cases. Specimens large enough to allow recognition of characteristic cytologic and architectural changes are usually not obtained bronchoscopically. Even when adequate biopsy specimens are available, however, unequivocal differentiation of lymphoma from benign inflammatory proliferative lesions (for example, pseudolymphoma or lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis) is not possible on the basis of light microscopic findings alone. Pathologists have relied on immunohistologic examinations in which antibodies directed against B-cell and T-cell surface antigens are used to help distinguish benign from malignant lymphoid proliferations. Unfortunately, even immunohistologic findings may be nondiagnostic, particularly in T-cell lymphomas and in cases in which lymphoma is surrounded by a benign reactive lymphocytosis. Recent development of molecular biologic techniques (for example, Southern blotting) has provided the ability to detect a monoclonal population of cells based on detection of rearrangements of the genes that encode either B-cell immunoglobulin proteins or T-cell antigen receptor proteins. This technique is capable of detecting a clone of cells even when they constitute as little as 5% of a lymphoid infiltrate. Bronchoalveolar lavage can provide samples of sufficient size to facilitate Southern blotting. We present the first case wherein pulmonary involvement with a B-cell lymphoma was confirmed by both immunohistologic and molecular biologic studies of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.     

EXPERIMENTAL SYPHILIS IN THE RABBIT : IV. CUTANEOUS SYPHILIS. PART 2. CLINICAL ASPECTS OF CUTANEOUS SYPHILIS.

From the study of a large number of rabbits with generalized cutaneous syphilis following local inoculation with Treponema pallidum, lesions were found most often about the hind feet and legs, the head, the front feet and legs, and the tail. There was further evidence of a selective distribution of cutaneous lesions in the fact that, on a given part of the body, the lesions were usually confined to a few restricted areas. About the head, they occurred almost exclusively on the sides and bridge of the nose, the lids, the brows, the lips, and the base and free portions of the ears. On the front feet and legs, the seat of predilection was the extensor and lateral surfaces of the fore arm, the carpus, and the feet, while on the posterior extremities they were situated upon the dorsum and lateral surfaces of the feet and ankles from the level of the tendo achillis to the base of the fifth toe. The positions of greatest frequency were the region of the tarsus and external malleolus, the base of the fifth metatarsal, the lateral and posterior surfaces of the heel and tendo achillis, and the base of the fifth toe. In many instances, the positions of predilection were exposed positions or areas of skin covering bony or tendinous prominences. It was also found that the character of the lesions differed somewhat in the various locations. The lesions of the head were mostly small circumscribed papules or processes of diffuse infiltration; on the fore arms and feet, affections of this type were about equally divided with larger granulomatous masses of a chancre-like character, while on the hind feet and legs, granulomatous lesions were far more numerous than those of any other type and frequently reached a very large size. The cutaneous eruption usually consisted of only a few lesions confined to some one part of the body, but occasionally they were more numerous and more widely distributed. In this connection, it was noted that when multiple lesions appeared in a given area at about the same time, the growth of most of them was abortive, and, as a rule, only one or two developed to any considerable size. Especial emphasis was placed upon this phenomenon of inhibition as a factor of fundamental importance in the experimental infection. From clinical observation, it was found that, as a rule, the first cutaneous eruption occurred at from 2 to 4 months after inoculation but might occur either earlier or later, depending upon the circumstances in the individual case. The earliest eruptions appeared 3 weeks after inoculation and the latest 2 years and 8 months, but, as a rule, the time between inoculation and the appearance of the first eruption did not exceed 4 to 6 months. Successive crops of cutaneous lesions appeared in a number of animals usually within the first 6 months after inoculation. In a few instances, however, there were repeated eruptions extending over a period of 2 years or more, the longest recorded period being 3 years and 7 months. The duration of individual lesions was found to be extremely variable, ranging from a few days in the case of a macular erythema to more than 2 years in the case of a few granulomatous lesions. The average duration of the lesions appeared to vary somewhat with the nature of the lesion but on the whole was not more than 2 to 4 months. No limits could be fixed, however, for the duration of an active skin infection as a whole. Again, it was found that the cutaneous infection tended to pursue a periodic or relapsing course. This was seen in the mode of growth and resolution of individual lesions, the occurrence of successive periods of eruption, and the recurrence of completely healed lesions, all of which was interpreted as evidence of the essential relapsing nature of syphilitic infections.     

The antileishmanial agent licochalcone A interferes with the function of parasite mitochondria.

Our previous studies have shown that licochalcone A, an oxygenated chalcone, has antileishmanial (M. Chen, S.B. Christensen, J. Blom, E. Lemmich, L. Nadelmann, K. Fich, T.G. Theander, and A. Kharazmi, Antimicrob, Agents Chemother. 37:2550-2556, 1993; M. Chen, S.B. Christensen, T.G. Theander, and A. Khrazmi, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:1339-1344, 1994) and antimalarial (M. Chen, T.G. Theander, S.B. Christensen, L. Hviid, L. Zhai, and A. Kaharazmi, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:1470-1475, 1994) activities. We have observed that licochalcone A alters the ultrastructure of the mitochondria of Leishmania promastigotes (Chen et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37:2550-2556, 1993). The present study was designed to examine this observation further and investigate the mechanism of action of antileishmanial activity of licochalcone A. Electron microscopic studies showed that licochalcone A altered the ultrastructure of Leishmania major promastigote and amastigote mitochondria in a concentration-dependent manner without damaging the organelles of macrophages or the phagocytic function of these cells. Studies on the function of the parasite mitochondria showed that licochalcone A inhibited the respiration of the parasite by the parasites. Moreover, licochalcone A inhibited the activity of the parasite mitochondrial dehydrogenase. The inhibition of the activity of the parasite mitochondrial enzyme correlated well with the changes in the ultrastructure of the mitochondria shown by electron microscopy. These findings demonstrate that licochalcone A alters the ultrastructure and function of the mitochondria of Leishmania parasites.     

Spinal cord injury: preventing secondary injury.

Spinal cord injury is devastating to the victim, as well as being costly in terms of medical expenses, lost wages, and lost independence. The initial damage to the spinal cord results from several mechanisms of injury--flexion, extension, compression, penetration, rotation, and the disease process. When the spinal cord is injured and there is necrosis of the nervous tissue, no regeneration of that tissue occurs. Unlike in the peripheral nervous system, where regeneration is possible, the spinal cord is part of the central nervous system, as is the brain. The spinal cord extends from the base of the skull to the L1 vertebrae: the cervical levels innervate the diaphragm and muscles of the arms; the thoracic levels innervate the muscles of the chest and abdomen; and the lumbar and sacral levels innervate the muscles of the legs. In addition, the sacral levels are responsible for bowel, bladder, and sexual function. The higher the level of injury, the more severe the loss of function because, not only is the level of injury affected, but also the levels below. Injury occurs by initial trauma to the surrounding ligaments, bones, and muscles, which then affect the spinal cord. There may be total loss of function with damage completely across the cord or partial loss of function with damage affecting only part of the cord. No current treatment can reverse this initial injury, which causes irreversible damage within minutes of injury. Secondary damage occurs as the injury spreads over several hours. Treatment can help prevent this secondary damage.     

Hand behaviors of women during childbirth

An exploratory study was conducted to determine what could be inferred from the hand behaviors of women during childbirth. The specific study questions were: What are the hand actions? What are the objects of the hand actions? What are the purposes of the hand actions? The influence of the uterine state, i.e., contraction or relaxation, on the hand behaviors was also explored. A preliminary study was conducted from which three components of hand behaviors were identified: the hand action, the object of the action, and the purpose of the action. Nine discrete hand actions were defined according to the inter-relationship of the posture, characteristic motion, and the mode of contact of the hand upon the object: grasping, pressing, rubbing, non-moving, gesticulating, holding, playing, palpating, and striking. The objects of the hand actions were grouped into three distinct groups including: the self, inanimate items, and other persons. Eleven purposes of the hand action were inductively defined from the preliminary study: attacking, augmenting, bracing, caretaking, comforting, containing, inactivating, informing, orienting, regulating, and requesting. A data collection instrument, in grid form, to accommodate the rapid recording of the nine types of hand action, the three objects of the actions, and the eleven purposes of the actions, was constructed. The study was conducted in the labor and delivery unit of an urban university-related teaching and research hospital. The specific setting for the study included two sites: the single bed labor room, the primary site; and the delivery room, the secondary site. Thirty women, 10 primigravida and 20 multigravida, ranging from 17 to 34 years of age were the subjects of the study. Of the 30 subjects, 23 experienced a normal onset of labor and 7 had labor induced. The duration of labor ranged from 1 1/2 to 16 1/2 hours with the mean duration 8 3/4 hours. Direct observation was the method for data collection. Observations were conducted once every half hour throughout the subjects' labor experience. During each observation session, the hand behaviors were recorded during one uterine contraction and during 60 seconds of uterine relaxation. The data were tabulated by frequency and by percentage in relation to the hand action, the object of the hand action, the purpose of the hand action, and the uterine state. Findings related to the hand actions demonstrated a predominance of grasping (28%; 765/2,724) and pressing (25%; 670/2,724) actions. Rubbing actions (16%; 421/2,724) and non-moving actions (11%; 313/2,724) were the next most frequently observed actions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

精神分裂症患者治疗前后阴、阳性症状与血气分析的相关研究

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者治疗前后阴、阳症状与血气分析结果的变化及其相关性.方法 选择2010 年3 月至2011 年1 月在广州市精神病医院住院的精神分裂症患者41 例,治疗前、后评定"阳性和阴性综合征量表"(PANSS),并抽取股动脉血进行血气分析检测.采用配对t 检验比较治疗前后各量表评分和血气分析结果的差异,并对PANSS 量表得分的影响因素进行相关和多元线性回归分析.结果 经过治疗后,除各量表评分显著降低外(治疗前的P 分、N 分、G 分、PANSS 总分为22.512 ±4.728、21.000 ±7.533、37.902 ±6.640、81.415 ±13.025;治疗后的P 分、N 分、G 分、PANSS总分为8.439 ±2.608、12.610 ±5.468、21.561 ±4.405、42.610 ±9.884;P ＜0.001),PCO2 、HCO-3 、BE、BB、K+、标准pH 值是升高的(治疗前的PCO2 、HCO-3 、BE、BB、K+、pHst 为40.622 ±5.678、24.910 ±2.841、0.283 ±2.078、48.263 ±2.080、3.659 ±0.269、7.409 ±0.031;治疗后的PCO2 、HCO-3 、BE、BB、K+、pHst 为43.995 ±3.702、26.456 ±1.982、1.100 ±1.996、49.244 ±1.637、3.968 ±0.301、7.425 ±0.023;P ＜0.01),pH 值是降低的(治疗前pH 为7.407 ±0.028,治疗后pH 为7.397 ±0.018;P ＜0.05),均具有统计学意义.治疗前P 分的影响因素为标准离子钙(β＝0.414;P ＜0.01),治疗前G 分的影响因素为氧分压和标准离子钙(β1 ＝0.384,β2 ＝0.376,P 均＜0.05),治疗前PANSS 总分的影响因素为氧气总浓度和标准离子钙(β1 ＝6.624,β2 ＝0.369,P 均＜0.05);治疗后N 分的影响因素为治疗前的标准离子钙和治疗后K+浓度(β1 ＝-0.433,β2 ＝-0.437,P 均＜0.01);P 分减分值的影响因素为治疗前的标准离子钙(β＝0.388,P ＜0.05),N 分减分值的影响因素为治疗后的离子钙和有效氧饱和度(β1 ＝0.412,β2 ＝-0.331,P 均＜0.05),G 分减分值的影响因素为治疗前的标准离子钙和治疗后Na+浓度(β1 ＝0.337,β2 ＝0.357,P 均＜0.05),PANSS 总分减分值的影响因素为治疗前的标准离子钙(β＝0.374,P ＜0.05).结论 精神分裂症治疗后代谢效应偏碱,呼吸效应偏酸,总体pH 值降低;标准离子钙浓度与精神分裂症的症状及治疗预后均紧密相关.     

同种异体原位心脏移植术后患者的心理特征分析及护理对策

目的：分析行同种异体原位心脏移植术治疗的患者术后心理特征及护理对策,评价实施针对性护理措施的效果。方法选择初次在本院进行同种异体原位心脏移植术的34例患者为研究组,另选择在本院门诊检查的84例健康人群为对照组,采用 SAS 量表、SDS 量表、SCL-90量表和社会支持量表评估患者的心理状态,研究组与对照组比较分析患者的心理特征,研究组护理干预前后比较评价针对性护理的效果。结果研究组患者 SAS 总标准分、SDS 标准分和 SCL-90总均分显著高于对照组,社会支持量表评分显著低于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(t=14.796、4.531、9.522和-10.914,P<0.01);研究组护理干预后 SAS 总标准分、SDS 标准分和 SCL-90总均分显著降低,社会支持总体评分显著提高,护理干预前后比较差异有统计学意义(t =14.352、15.727、12.945、5.143,P<0.01)。结论同种异体原位心脏移植术治疗的终末期心脏病患者术后普遍存在躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖等不良心理状态,采取对症护理干预措施可显著改善患者的心理状态。     

纯钛种植体表面改性对骨结合的影响

背景：研究表明,对种植体表面进行化学、物理、生物化学等改性,可以显著提高种植体表面的生物学活性和骨结合强度。目的：综述并比较不同纯钛表面改性方法对骨结合的影响。方法：以“纯钛、种植体、种植、种植体表面、表面改性、生物活性、生物相容性、骨结合、研究进展”为中文关键词,以“pure titanium,implants,plant,the surface of the implant,surface modification,biological activity,biocompatibility,osseointegration,research progress”为英文关键词,用计算机检索CNKI数据库、万方数据库和PubMed数据库。结果与结论：钛具有稳定的化学性能、良好的生物相容性及较高的抗断裂强度,因而在种植修复中被广泛应用,但钛种植体是一种生物惰性材料,直接植入人体后的生物相容性和生物学活性较差,影响其与骨的结合。为提高种植体骨结合强度,目前最为有效的方法是对纯钛表面进行改性。大多数研究表明,经过改性后的种植体具有一定的骨诱导作用,可促使骨细胞在其表面黏附、增殖、分化及矿化。钛种植体经过物理、化学、生物化学等改性处理后,其表面形貌、化学成分、表面粗糙度及亲水性能等发生改变,从而提高了种植体的生物相容性和生物活性,促进了骨结合的发生。     

THE CHEMISTRY OF THE LIVER IN ACUTE YELLOW ATROPHY

From the liver of a young man who died of typical, " idiopathic" acute yellow atrophy of the liver, after an illness of six weeks, there were isolated and identified the following amino acids: Histidin, lysin, tyrosin, leucin, glycocoll, alanin, prolin, glutaminic acid, aspartic acid. These were found free in extracts of the liver, and presumably represent products of the autolysis of liver cells, although the amount of soluble non-protein nitrogen present in the extracts was so large as to suggest that there must be some other source for these substances. Small quantities of free proteoses and peptones, and of xanthin and hypoxanthin, were also found in the extracts. In the insoluble proteins of the liver the proportion of diamino acids was decreased slightly as compared with normal livers. The proportion of protein phosphorus was increased, probably because of active regenerative proliferation, while the sulphur was normal in amount. Iron was increased because of the large quantity of blood in the liver and the hematogenous pigmentation of the liver cells. Gelatigenous material was increased both absolutely and relatively, because of the loss of parenchyma and the proliferation of the stroma. The proportion of water to solids was much increased, there having been a loss of over two-thirds of the entire parenchymatous elements of the liver. The amount of fat, lecithin and cholesterin was not far from that normal for the liver.