Relationship between changes in body weight and waist circumference in Japanese

Objectives  We investigated the correlation between changes in body weight and body composition parameters. Methods  We used the data of 2635 Japanese (40.2±12.2 years) at baseline and at 1-year follow-up from a database of 13522 subjects, which is available at the Okayama Southern Institute of Health in Okayama prefecture, Japan. Body weight, waist circumference at the umbilical level, hip circumference, and body fat percentage were used in the analyses. Results  Body composition parameters were significantly reduced after 1 year. Changes in body weight significantly correlated with changes in waist circumference, changes in hip circumference, and changes in body fat percentage. A decrease in body weight of 3 kg corresponded to a 3.45 cm decrease in waist circumference in men and a 2.83 cm decrease in that in women. Conclusion  A decrease in body weight of 3 kg corresponded to an almost 3 cm decrease in waist circumference at the umbilical level in Japanese men and women.     

(Mis)interpretation of body weight in adult women and men

INTRODUCTION: This study examined what methods people use to determine and interpret their body weight, and what factors are associated with either an underestimation of overweight or an overestimation of a healthy body weight. METHOD: The study used self-reported data on weight and height. Data were collected by means of questionnaires (n = 722). RESULTS: In comparison with unaware overweight individuals, aware overweight respondents had a significantly lower score on comparing their body to that of others and on listening to remarks from others as methods to determine and interpret their body weight. The same was true for respondents with a correct perception of their healthy body weight compared with respondents who overestimated their healthy body weight. Respondents with a correct perception also had a significantly lower score on using the need to change to a different clothing size to determine body weight. Underestimation of overweight was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI), intense physical activity, knowledge of a healthy weight range and body comparison; overestimation of healthy body weight was significantly associated with gender, BMI, weight loss history and media influences. DISCUSSION: The study had a cross-sectional design, and therefore no causal relations could be determined. Despite this, the study provided more insight into the way people estimate and judge their body weight.     

北京市西城区公务员测量体重与自评体重关系研究

摘要：目的　了解北京市西城区公务员测量体重和自评体重,并探索两者的关系。方法　采用方便抽样的
方法,在北京市西城区抽取若干有代表性的政府公务员性质单位,对该单位１８～４５岁的公务员进行体重测
量和问卷调查,采用χ
２ 检验进行比较,犘＜０．０５ 为差异有统计学意义。结果　共测量调查公务人员３１６
人,超重率为３０．０６％,肥胖率为３．８０％,超重肥胖合计为３３．８６％;其中,男性超重肥胖率为５４．０９％;
女性超重肥胖率为１３．３８％;公务员中,５５．０６％ 的调查对象认为自己体重偏重;４４．６５％ 的男性认为自己
体重偏重,而女性这一比例达到了６５．６０％;男、女实测体重分布之间差异有统计学意义（χ
２ ＝６５．８７１、
１７．１８１,犘＜０．０５）。调查对象自评体重和测量体重的一致率为７０．７４％;男性自评体重和测量体重的一致
率为６７．１０％,女性一致率为６５．６１％。３４ 人患有心血管疾病,患病率为１０．７６％;有１０４ 人患有慢性疾
病,患病率为３２．９１％。调查对象心血管疾病（χ
２ ＝３４．１４６,犘＜０．０５） 和慢性疾病（χ
２ ＝１６．５９２,犘＜
０．０５）的患病率随着体重的增加而增加。结论　公务员超重肥胖的发病率较高,男性高于女性;男女对于
体重认知都存在错误,应根据男女体重认知的不同特点选择有针对性的干预措施。
关键词：公务员;自评体重;测量体重
中图分类号：Ｒ５４　　文献标识码：Ａ　　文章编号：１００９ ６６３９ （２０１４）０４ ０３６２ ０４     

Accuracy of body mass index estimated from self-reported height and weight in mid-aged Australian women

Objective: To assess the accuracy of body mass index (BMI) estimated from self‐reported height and weight from a mailed survey, in a population‐based sample of mid‐aged Australian women. Methods: One hundred and fifty nine women (age 54–59 years) were recruited from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH). Participants provided height and weight data in a mailed survey and were then measured (Brisbane, Australia 2005). Differences between self‐reported and measured data were examined by plotting against the measured values and using paired t‐tests and kappa statistics. Factors associated with biased reporting were assessed using regression models. Results: Both self‐reported height and weight tended to be underestimated, with a mean difference of 0.67 cm (95% CI 0.26 to1.08 cm) and 0.95 kg (95% CI 0.44 to1.47 kg) respectively. Reported height and derived BMI was more accurate among married women than single women (average difference of 1.28 cm, 95% CI 0.19 to 2.37 cm and –1.00 kg/m², 95%CI –1.69 to –0.30, respectively). Women with BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m 2 reported weight more accurately than obese women (average difference of 2.26 kg, 95% CI 0.14 to 4.38 kg). There was 84% agreement between BMI categories derived from self‐reported and measured data, with 85%, 73% and 94% of women correctly classified as obese, overweight, and healthy BMI using self‐reported data and kappa=0.81. Conclusions: There is substantial agreement between self‐reported and measured height and weight data for mid‐aged women, especially among married and healthy weight women. Implications: Population‐based studies among mid‐aged women in Australia can use self‐reported data obtained from mailed surveys to derive BMI estimates.     

Dairy and weight loss hypothesis: an evaluation of the clinical trials

This review evaluates evidence from clinical trials that assessed the effect of dairy product or calcium intake, with or without concomitant energy restriction, on body weight and adiposity. Of 49 randomized trials assessing the effect of dairy products or calcium supplementation on body weight, 41 showed no effect, two demonstrated weight gain, one showed a lower rate of gain, and five showed weight loss. Four of 24 trials report differential fat loss. Consequently, the majority of the current evidence from clinical trials does not support the hypothesis that calcium or dairy consumption aids in weight or fat loss.     

学龄前儿童皮褶厚度、体脂含量、瘦体重与营养状况关系的研究

本文对唐山市2320名不同营养状况学龄前儿童的皮褶厚度、体脂含量、瘦体重等指标进行了调查;利用多因素逐步回归分析方法导出了直接估算瘦体重的多元回归方程;认为体脂含量、瘦体重、体块指数和左臂部皮褶厚度是衡量学龄前儿童营养状况的显著因子,并建立了以营养状况分级为因变量的逐步回归方程,经考核表明,目前所采用的身高标准体重法正常值范围较窄,轻度及明显肥胖标准偏低,建议正常范围扩大为身高标准体重的90～120%,轻度和明显肥胖标准分别定为>120%和>130%。     

孕前体重、孕期增重对新生儿出生体重的影响

目的:探讨孕妇孕前体重、孕期增重对新生儿出生体重的影响。方法:选取1 419例单胎妊娠孕妇作为研究对象。问卷调查孕妇的基本情况,定期产前检查时记录孕周并测量体重,随访研究对象妊娠结局。并采用LMS法分别建立孕妇不同孕前BMI组孕期不同周次增重的百分位数曲线。结果:超重组孕妇的新生儿出生体重最高,正常组次之,低体重组最低,三组间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。孕前BMI<18.5的低体重组孕妇小于胎龄儿的检出率要高于其他两组的孕妇,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。LMS曲线示三组孕母孕期体重增加呈逐渐上升趋势,孕早期三组体重增重甚少,孕中期体重增加小于孕晚期。孕前低体重组孕妇孕期总增重较正常体重组和超重组多。结论:孕前体重和孕期增重与新生儿的出生体重有密切关系,应采取有效措施进行合理控制。     

Predictors of the accuracy of self-reported height and weight in adolescent female school students

OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated predictors of the accuracy of self-reported values of body weight and height in adolescent females. METHOD: Self-reported and measured weight and height values were obtained for 683 school students aged 11-18 years. Predictors of accuracy were determined for self-reported weight, height, and body mass index (BMI; based on self-reported values). RESULTS: Self-reported weight was underestimated. This was most likely for students with higher BMI values and actual weight. Younger, early pubertal and premenarcheal students were most likely to underestimate their height whereas older, postmenarcheal (more than 3 years) students were most likely to overestimate their height. The more exercise reported, the more accurate the height estimation. This translates to a greater underestimation of BMI as adolescents become older, have a longer duration since menarche, and exercise more. DISCUSSION: When accurate information is required, clinicians should measure height and weight, particularly if the adolescent female is perimenarcheal or appears to differ from population averages for height and weight.     

孕鼠使用地塞米松对早产鼠心肌肌红蛋白、心脏重量/体重的影响

目的:研究不同剂量地塞米松(Dex)对早产鼠心肌肌红蛋白、心脏重量/体重的影响。方法:8只SD孕鼠随机分为大、中、小剂量组和安慰组,分别于孕第16、17、18天从孕鼠尾静脉注射2.0 mg/kg、1.0 mg/kg、0.5 mg/kg的Dex及生理盐水,于孕19天剖出胎鼠建立早产鼠模型并测定其心肌Mb含量、心脏重量/体重,从而探讨经孕鼠尾静脉注射不同剂量Dex对早产鼠心肌Mb、心脏重量/体重的影响。结果:大、中、小Dex剂量组心肌Mb含量高于安慰组,且随着Dex剂量的增加对心肌Mb含量的影响逐渐加大,当Dex增加到一定浓度时其对心肌Mb影响不再增加,同时各组心脏重量/体重无明显差异。结论:孕鼠注射Dex后对早产鼠心肌Mb含量有影响,其含量随着Dex剂量的增加而逐渐加大。当Dex增加到一定浓度时其对心肌Mb影响不再增加,同时此方法对早产鼠的心脏重量/体重无明显影响。     

双酚A对成年雄性小鼠体质量、摄食和肝功能的影响

目的 探讨双酚A对成年雄性小鼠体质量、摄食和肝功能的影响.方法 100只成年雄性ICR小鼠随机分为阴性对照组、己烯雌酚对照组、双酚A 2、20、100 mg/kg组,各组动物用相应受试物连续灌胃2周,于第8周将小鼠处死.用酶化学方法检测丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酞基转移酶(GG...     

Rapid weight gain in early infancy is associated with adult body fat percentage in young women

Objectives  

Although rapid childhood weight gain has been suggested to be a risk factor for lifetime obesity and other chronic diseases, few studies have been conducted in Asian populations. The aim of this study was, therefore, to ascertain whether rapid childhood weight gain is associated with indices of obesity in adulthood and, if so, which period in early development provides the greatest predictive value of future obesity in young Japanese women.     

成年人去脂组织重、体脂含量与体重、身高和体围的关系

生物电阻抗法 (bioelectrical impedanceanalysis,BIA)用于人体组成成分分析的准确性已得到肯定 [1 ,2 ] 。本次对 95 5例健康成年人运用 BIA法测量去脂组织重、体脂量及常规方法测量体重、身高、上臂围、腰围、臀围 ,并探讨它们之间的关系。旨在建立更简单实用的计算去脂组织重和体脂含量的方法 ,应用于临床评价。1　材　料　与　方　法1 .1　对象　　挑选 1 0 0 5名健康查体人员 [3]中的 95 5人进行了 BIA法体脂测量 ,其中男性 3 92人 ,女性 5 63人。按年龄分为两组 ,年龄 1 8～ 45岁为 5 84人 ,年龄 46～ 74岁为 3 71人。均为汉族健…     

Effects of prolonged meal-feeding on the body composition of adult rats

This study was designed to examine the influence of long-term meal-feeding on adult rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 315 g were fed a purified diet once a day (1xd) or three times a day (pair fed to 1xd group-3xd). Both groups had an average daily food intake of 16.7±1.3 g. At the end of an eight-week feeding period, the final body weights were 1xd 393.7±19.8 g and 3xd 397.0±15.6 g. Five skeletal muscles (psoas, soleus, plantaris, gastrocnemius, biceps), three organs (liver, kidney, heart), and three fat pads (retroperitoneal, inguinal, epididymal) were removed and weighed to estimate changes in body composition. No significant changes occurred in body weight, adipose tissues, or skeletal muscles. This study demonstrates that the frequency of feeding does not affect body weight or body composition, provided all animals are pair fed the same amount of food throughout the study.     

Alcohol consumption and body weight

The number of Americans who are overweight or obese has reached epidemic proportions. Elevated weight is associated with health problems and increased medical expenditures. This paper analyzes Waves 1 and 2 of the National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions to investigate the role of alcohol consumption in weight gain. Alcohol is not only an addictive substance but also a high‐calorie beverage that can interfere with metabolic function and cognitive processes. Because men and women differ in the type and amount of alcohol they consume, in the biological effects they experience as a result of alcohol consumption, and in the consequences they face as a result of obesity, we expect our results to differ by gender. We use first‐difference models of body mass index (BMI) and alcohol consumption (frequency and intensity) to control for time‐invariant unobservable factors that may influence changes in both alcohol use and weight status. Increasing frequency and intensity of alcohol use is associated with statistically significant yet quantitatively small weight gain for men but not for women. Moreover, the first‐difference results are much smaller in magnitude and sometimes different in sign compared with the benchmark pooled cross‐sectional estimates. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

农村女性超重肥胖体质指数与体脂率法评价比较

目的 采用WHO体脂率标准评价中国现行体质指数诊断超重和肥胖标准的准确性。方法 于2013年5-7月横断面调查河北省玉田县648名18~59岁中青年农村女性,采用标准方法测量人体学指标,生物电阻抗法测量体脂率(BF%);体质指数(BMI)参照《中国成人超重和肥胖预防控制指南》,体脂率参照WHO标准。结果 调查对象平均BMI为(24.74±3.97) kg/m²,平均体脂率为(28.54±7.04)%;依据体脂率(>35%)和BMI(≥28.0 kg/m²)标准,调查对象肥胖检出率分别为18.98%和20.06%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。以体脂率30%为超重标准,BMI 24 kg/m²的灵敏度和特异度分别为87.38和79.06%,诊断一致性(Kappa值)为0.66;以体脂率35%为肥胖标准,BMI 28 kg/m²的灵敏度和特异度分别为71.54和92.00%,Kappa值为0.62。BMI与体脂率呈二次曲线关系(R²=0.614,P<0.001)。结论 《中国成人超重和肥胖预防控制指南》推荐的超重和肥胖标准与WHO体脂率超重和肥胖标准的准确度和诊断一致性均较好。     

Estimation of body composition from anthropometric and physiological measurements of obese college women

Relationships between anthropometric and physiological measurements and body composition were examined in 42 obese college women. Estimates of body density (BD), fat weight (FW), and fat free weight (FFW) were obtained by the helium dilution method. Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, 4 body diameters, 4 body girths, hand grip strengths, and 7 skinfold thicknesses; physiological measurements were daily urinary creatinine and basal metabolic rate. Simple correlation coefficients between each of these measurements and the estimates of body composition were less than 0.7, indicating little predictive accuracy from single measurements. Multiple correlation coefficients (R) were higher for FW (R=0.83 to 0.88) than for BD (R=0.64 to 0.75) or FFW (R=0.72 to 0.80). The equations that most accurately estimated body composition included skinfold thickness, hand grip strength, basal metabolic rate, and a variable calculated from height and weight. When equations selected from the literature were used, BD and FFW were consistently overestimated and FW underestimated.     

低体重和肥胖儿童身体成分特点及脂肪肌肉含量与骨密度相关性研究

目的 探讨低体重和肥胖儿童身体成分特点及其脂肪肌肉含量与骨密度的相关性.方法 选择2015年6月至2016年6月于眉山市妇幼保健院儿保门诊体检的5~7岁儿童为研究对象,按体质量指数(BMI)分为低体重组、肥胖组和对照组,测量身体成分各项指标,包括体脂比、全身脂肪含量、肌肉含量及局部和全身骨密度,并对结果进行分析.结果 同性别儿童低体重组的体脂比、全身脂肪含量、肌肉含量及局部和全身骨密度均分别明显低于对照组,二者之间差异均具有统计学意义(t=3.076~3.326,均P<0.05);同性别儿童对照组的体脂比、全身脂肪含量、肌肉含量及局部和全身骨密度均分别明显低于肥胖组,二者之间差异均具有统计学意义(t=2.998~3.427,均P<0.05).经Logistic回归分析:低体重组儿童的肌肉含量与不同部位骨密度均呈正相关性(r=0.779~0.889,均P<0.05);肥胖组男性儿童的肌肉含量与下肢骨密度、体脂比和全身脂肪含量与躯干骨密度均呈正相关性(r=0.779~0.882,均P<0.05),肥胖组女性儿童肌肉含量与上肢骨密度,以及体脂比、全身脂肪含量和肌肉含量与下肢骨密度均呈正相关性(r=0.781~0.901,均P<0.05);对照组儿童的肌肉含量与不同部位骨密度均呈正相关性(r=0.779~0.912,均P<0.05),对照组女性儿童的体脂比、全身脂肪含量和肌肉含量均与下肢骨密度和全身骨密度均呈正相关性(r=0.805~0.912,均P<0.05).结论 与正常儿童相比,低体重和肥胖儿童身体成分构成,各指标与骨密度的相关关系明显不同于正常儿童.在对儿保门诊儿童管理中,体重、体脂比、全身脂肪含量、肌肉含量的变化均是需要关注的重要指标,从而促进其骨骼健康发育.