早期抗病毒治疗对妊娠合并重症甲型H1N1流感患者围产预后的影响

目的:研究早期及时抗病毒治疗妊娠合并重症甲型H1N1流感患者对母儿围产预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析2009年11月7日～2010年1月30日于中国医科大学附属盛京医院就诊的妊娠合并重症甲型H1N1流感患者18例,比较48h内用药(早期用药组,n=6)与48h后用药(晚期用药组,n=12)患者的妊娠结局及预后相关指标,包括住院时间、进行机械通气时间、术前氧合指数、肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平和新生儿预后情况。结果:早期用药组均痊愈,晚期用药组2例死亡。与早期用药组相比,晚期用药组平均住院时间长(P=0.009),进行机械通气时间多(P=0.028),CK水平高(P=0.018);而两组间术前氧合指数、LDH水平则无统计学差异(P>0.05)。早期用药组新生儿出生后均无窒息症状,晚期用药组胎死宫内3例,1例死亡和1例轻度窒息,7例Apgar评分10分。所有存活新生儿生后3天进行咽拭子检查均为阴性,且无流感表现,6例继续妊娠至足月后分娩的新生儿均未发现畸形。随访2～9个月,婴儿体格发育和智力发育同正常同龄儿。结论:发病48h内及时应用药物治疗的重症患者预后明显优于发病48h后应用药物治疗的患者,且前者新生儿的预后亦明显优于后者。采用奥司他韦抗病毒治疗妊娠中期和晚期的甲型H1N1流感患者对母儿均是安全的,未见致畸作用。若疑似为妊娠合并甲型H1N1的患者应及时尽早给予抗病毒治疗,可以获得较好的母儿预后。     

孕产妇甲型H1N1流感重症患者临床特征与治疗分析

目的分析孕妇甲型H1N1流感重症患者临床特点、治疗策略,为治疗甲型H1N1流感重症提供理论依据。方法对3例甲型H1N1流感孕产妇重症患者的临床特征、实验室表现、影像学变化和治疗手段进行分析。结果 2例患者进行了剖宫产,1例做了引产,其中1例患者出现脑疝死亡。结论甲型H1N1流感孕产妇疾病发展迅速,并发症多,常合并多脏器衰竭,发病机制复杂,治疗上晚期孕妇及早终止妊娠,积极抗病毒和生命支持治疗至关重要。     

11例甲型H1N1流感患者临床分析

目的探讨甲型H1N1流感患者的临床特点及其转归。方法对11例甲型H1N1流感患者进行隔离治疗,分析其流行病学、临床表现、实验室检查、治疗效果及临床转归等方面资料。结果甲型H1N1流感好发于年轻人,发热、咳嗽及咽部不适为主要临床症状,部分患者出现白细胞减少及低钾血症,早期应用抗病毒治疗后,平均1.5d后体温正常,平均6.6d后咽拭子病毒转阴,8.3d痊愈;治疗中未见明显药物不良反应出现。结论甲型H1N1流感轻症患者早期抗病毒治疗有助于缩短病程,使用奥司他韦无论是进口的达菲,还是我国的军科奥韦治疗甲型H1N1流感均是安全、有效的。     

重症甲型H1N1流感典型病例的临床特征和诊治经验

[目的]探讨重症甲型H1N1流感典型病例的临床特征和诊治经验.[方法]对收治的重症甲型H1N1流感确诊病例采取积极的诊断与治疗措施.[结果]所有确诊重症甲型H1N1流感病例均有流感样症状,包括发热(腋下温度≥37.5℃)、咽痛、流涕、肌内酸痛(100%);体温≥39℃并持续3 d以上16例;咳嗽、咳痰19例,头痛、头昏11例;胸闷、气促10例;水样便腹泻或呕吐5例;神志淡漠或烦躁7例;肺部湿性哕音5例.20例继发肺炎或支气管炎,其中2例为重症肺炎;急性呼吸衰竭1例;多器官功能障碍综合症1例.所有患者咽拭子甲型H1N1病毒核酸检测均阳性;WBC正常11例,WBC减少(<5.0×109/L)7例,WBC增高(>10.0×109/L)5例;淋巴细胞(L)正常(0.8～5.0×109L)17例,L减低(<0.8×109/L)5例;胸部CT斑片状浸润影19例,肺纹理增粗、紊乱3例;ECG正常16例;T波改变、ST-T压低7例.所有患者治疗时间7～15 d,平均时间(7.6±2.3)d.所有病例体温正常大于3 d,流感样症状消失,临床症状稳定.咽拭子甲型H1N1病毒核酸检测均阴性.所有患者均临床治愈.[结论]早期有效的诊断和治疗是降低重症甲型H1N1流感病死率的关键.     

重型甲型H1N1流感患者的临床研究

目的 分析重型甲型H1N1流感患者的基本特征和临床特点,为进一步防治重型甲型H1N1流感提供依据.方法 对2009年6-12月杭州市6家医院收治的36例重型甲型H1N1流感患者(重症患者27例,危重症患者9例)的临床资料进行研究分析.结果 36例患者中位年龄24.0(2.5～73.0)岁,主要表现为发热(100.0%)、咽部充血(100.0%)、咳嗽(97.2%)、乏力(75.0%)和肌痛(44.4%)等,合并肺炎27例(75.0%)、呼吸衰竭5例(13.9%).入院时,危重症患者平均发热时间、急性病生理学与长期健康评价Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)、氧合指数、血清肌酐、血小板、肌酸激酶分别为8.5(3～17)d、(14±5)分、157(130～337)mmHg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)、93(66～298)μmol/L、(113±41)×109/L、335(64～2038)U/L,而重症患者分别为6(2～13)d、(10±3)分、258(210～557)mm Hg、79(25～107)μmol/L、(164±57)× 109/L、116.0(27～451)U/L,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(t=2.104、2.790、-2.558、2.359、-2.478、2.782,P＜0.05).32例接受抗病毒治疗,13例接受糖皮质激素治疗,2例患者接受机械通气治疗.无一例患者死亡.结论 重型甲型H1N1流感患者主要见于年轻人群,主要表现为发热、呼吸道和全身症状,危重症患者多有全身多脏器损伤,APACHEⅡ评分有助于早期鉴别危重症患者.     

拉萨190例甲型H1N1流感的流行病学特点及临床分析

目的 探讨2009年拉萨甲型H1N1流感的流行病学特征及临床特点.方法 对2009年9-12月我院收治的190例甲型H1N1流感确诊病例的流行病学、临床表现及实验室检查等资料进行回顾性分析.结果本次拉萨地区暴发的甲型H1N1流感主要发生在秋冬季,9、10月为高峰.190例病例中,男性106例(55.79%),女性84例(44.21%),患者的平均年龄(16.66±9.78)岁,以7～17岁为主,学生139例(73.16%),藏族144例(75.79%).临床表现以发热、咳嗽、咽痛、咽充血和扁桃体肿大为主,172例有发热(90.53%).所有病例均未接种过甲型H1N1流感疫苗,入院时甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸检测均为阳性,176例(92.63%)病毒快速检测阳性.174例(91.58%)使用利巴韦林等抗病毒治疗取得较好疗效,184例痊愈出院,无死亡病例.结论 本组患者均为易感人群,因此流行期间接种甲型流感疫苗,提高人群免疫力势在必行.     

重症甲型H1N1流感患者治疗前后心肌酶谱水平变化探讨

目的 探讨重症甲型H1N1流感患者抗病毒治疗后心肌酶谱水平变化的临床意义.方法 对38例住院重症甲型H1 N1流感患者尽早给予奥司他韦抗病毒治疗,应用日立7060型生化分析仪检测治疗前后心肌酶谱的变化,并进行比较.结果 与治疗前比较,治疗后患者血清肌酸激酶显著下降[(130±186)U/L比(69±119)U/L](P<0.01),血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、乳酸脱氢酶L、肌酸激酶同工酶MB、羟丁酸脱氢酶均有下降,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 重症甲型H1N1流感患者尽早应用奥司他韦抗病毒治疗,治疗后短期内心肌得到了明显修复,其他脏器短期内无明显改变.     

甲型H1N1流感重症和危重症55例的护理

目的:探讨甲型H1N1流感重症和危重症病例的护理方法.方法:总结55例甲型H1N1流感重症和危重症的治疗和护理.结果:55例中,痊愈出院53例,死亡2例,1例为孕产妇,1例并发了多器官功能衰竭.结论:甲型H1N1流感一旦诊断成立,及早应用抗病毒、抗感染药物和激素冲击治疗及配合心理护理,并对使用呼吸机、血透的患者专人特护,营养支持配合治疗,是疾病恢复的关键.     

妊娠合并甲型H1N1流感患者的预后随访分析

目的:研究妊娠期甲型H1N1流感对母儿的长期影响.方法:收集16例妊娠合并甲型H1N1流感患者的临床资料,随访5年后的临床症状、胸部CT检查及肺功能检测,探讨各项检查指标的变化.结果:随访5年后,16例患者存在临床慢性呼吸道症状3例,胸部CT异常8例,肺功能异常9例;轻症与重症(包括危重症)甲型H1N1流感患者的胸部CT及肺功能随访结果对比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).10例新生儿未发现H1N1流感病毒感染,在随后的5年随访中,生长发育与其他婴幼儿无异.结论:妊娠合并甲型H1N1流感患者出院5年后,仍有部分患者残留胸部CT异常和肺功能障碍,应重视对此类患者临床检查,以指导长期治疗.     

血液净化联合内科治疗甲型H1N1流感危重症的临床观察

[目的]分析4例甲型H1N1流感危重症患者的临床特征,观察血液净化联合内科治疗在甲型H1N1流感危重症患者中的临床疗效,为临床救治积累经验.[方法]对我院收治的4例经血液净化治疗的甲型H1N1流感危重型病例进行分析.[结果]所有患者均有发热、咳嗽等流感样症状,均有基础疾病,并在3～6 d内出现多脏器功能衰竭;经血液净化治疗联合抗病毒、抗菌、支持等内科治疗,2例好转,2例死亡.[结论]危重症甲型H1N1流感患者病情进展迅速,血液净化联合内科治疗有利于改善肝肾功及纠正电解质紊乱,副作用少,血液净化治疗在危重症发生的早期应用可提高其抢救成功率.     

2009～2010年北京市孕妇甲型H1N1流感流行病学特征

目的分析2009～2010年甲型H1N1流感大流行期间,孕妇甲型H1N1流感确诊病例流行病学特征。方法对北京市孕妇甲型H1N1流感确诊病例开展流行病学调查,描述病例发病时间、地区和职业分布,并利用Logistic回归探讨导致孕妇甲型H1N1流感病例死亡的相关因素。结果 2009～2010年北京市孕妇中累计出现确诊病例81例,危重症病例占30.9%,确诊病例病死率6.2%,死亡病例均为外来务工人员。孕妇危重症病例所占构成比和病例病死率高于育龄期女性(χ2=88.2,P<0.001;χ2=9.6,P<0.005)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,发病治疗时间间隔长、体重指数高是导致孕妇甲型H1N1流感病例死亡的危险因素。结论孕妇甲型H1N1流感确诊病例易并发呼吸衰竭和感染中毒性休克,且出现危重病例和死亡病例的危险性高于育龄期女性,外来务工人员是孕妇甲型H1N1流感防控的高危人群。     

Hospitalization of pregnant women with pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza in Canada

This article describes the epidemiology of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza in all Canadian pregnant women admitted to hospital, and compares it with historical inter-pandemic influenza activity. We used weekly hospitalization and death counts of laboratory-confirmed pandemic A(H1N1) influenza cases reported to the Public Health Agency of Canada's (PHAC) 2009-2010 national pandemic influenza surveillance programme. Pregnant women infected and admitted with the pandemic strain were described and compared with: (1) confirmed admissions of all women of reproductive age; (2) all admitted cases reported to PHAC; and (3) to a historical average of inter-pandemic seasonal influenza admissions, and pneumonia and influenza (P&I) admissions for pregnant women. During the pandemic, 263 pregnant women with confirmed infections were admitted; four died in their third trimester. The median age for admitted pregnant cases was 27.5 years, which is consistent with the median age of the 3-year historical inter-pandemic pregnant comparison group. Aboriginal women appeared to be overrepresented but ethnicity was unavailable for 15.2% of all pregnant cases. Overall admission volumes were higher than those for seasonal influenza in the historical comparison group but were lower than those for P&I admissions. Despite increased admission volumes, severe outcomes in pregnant women were proportionally fewer than in all cases admitted for influenza A(H1N1) infection during the pandemic.     

孕妇甲型H1N1流感的影像学表现

目的 研究孕妇甲型H1N1流感影像特点.方法 回顾性分析经临床诊断证实的14例甲型H1N1流感孕妇的资料,所有病例均行胸部X线片及CT影像学检查,实验室检查.结果 所有病例在出现临床症状后胸部影像学检查均有异常表现,轻症患者8例,其中6例为单个肺叶磨玻璃密度及片状高密度,2例双肺下叶片状高密度,3例伴少量胸腔积液;重症患者6例,表现为双肺多叶受累团絮状高密度,同时伴有胸腔积液及心包积液.结论 甲型H1N1流感孕妇患者影像学征像为非特异性急性感染性病变,有一定特征性,影像学检查有助于其早期诊断及鉴别诊断.     

甲型H1N1流感住院病例28例临床分析

目的分析2009年5月至12月收治确诊28例甲型H1N1流感病例的临床特征。方法应用描述性流行病学方法对28例确诊甲型H1N1流感病例患者的年龄、性别、主要临床特征、治疗效果进行分析。结果发病年龄主要集中在8～54岁,平均25.5岁,男性22例,女性6例。18例轻病例及8例重症病例均治愈。2例重症病例死亡。发热占100%,咳嗽占64.29%、咽痛占17.86%。高热组症状持续时间与体温正常组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。重症病例合并心肌损害、Ⅰ型呼衰、肝、肾损害、白蛋白降低。结论本组病例轻型者以上呼吸道感染症状为主,预后较好。基础疾病加重本病发展,重症病例住院天数较长,表现复杂,需综合治疗多获治愈。     

福建省2009-2011年甲型H1N1流感流行病学特征分析

目的 了解福建省甲型H1N1流感的流行病学特征,为疾病防控提供依据.方法 从《甲型H1N1流感信息管理系统》和各设区市上报的聚集性疫情报告中收集信息,用SPSS软件统计分析.结果 福建省2009-2011年共报告甲型H1N1流感5 951例,其中重危症432例,死亡22例.厦门市发病率最高,5～9岁组发病率最高,学生...     

Maternal and infant outcomes among severely ill pregnant and postpartum women with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1)--United States, April 2009-August 2010

Pregnant women with influenza are at increased risk for hospitalization and death. Since 2004, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has recommended inactivated influenza vaccine for all women who are pregnant during influenza season, regardless of trimester. Nonetheless, after the 2004 recommendation, estimated annual influenza vaccination coverage among pregnant women was approximately 15%, before increasing to nearly 50% during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. Since April 2009, CDC has collaborated with state and local health departments to conduct enhanced surveillance for severe influenza among pregnant and postpartum women. To assess maternal and infant outcomes among severely ill pregnant and postpartum women with 2009 H1N1 during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, CDC analyzed data for the period April 15, 2009 to August 10, 2010. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which found that, among 347 severely ill pregnant women, 75 died from 2009 H1N1, and 272 were admitted to an intensive-care unit (ICU) and survived. Women who survived received antiviral treatment sooner after symptom onset than women who died. Pregnant women with severe influenza who delivered during their influenza hospitalization were more likely to deliver preterm and low birth weight infants than those in the general U.S. population; infants born after their mother's influenza hospitalization discharge were more likely to be small for gestational age. These data document the severe effects of 2009 H1N1 on pregnant women and their infants, emphasize the importance of vaccinating pregnant women against influenza, and demonstrate the value of prompt administration of antivirals to pregnant women with suspected or confirmed influenza.     

Central European Vaccination Advisory Group (CEVAG) guidance statement on recommendations for 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) vaccination

The 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic is markedly different from seasonal influenza with the disease affecting the younger population and a larger than expected number of severe or fatal cases has been seen in pregnant women, obese people and in people who were otherwise healthy. In Europe, influenza activity caused by the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) virus has passed the winter peak with nearly all countries now reporting lower influenza activity. However, although the rate of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) is declining, fatal cases continue to be reported and the future is hard to predict. The most effective protection against influenza is vaccination and increasing vaccine coverage is the only way to eliminate uncertainties regarding possible future waves of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1). Recommendations have been developed for several central European countries but there is no clear or uniform definition with respect to priority groups or age groups who should receive vaccination. This paper contains the Central European Vaccination Advisory Group (CEVAG) guidance statement on recommendations for the vaccination of adults and children against 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1). CEVAG recommends vaccination of all health-care workers, pregnant women, children ≥6 months and <2 years of age and people with chronic medical conditions as a first priority.     

儿童危重症甲型H1N1流行性感冒5例临床分析

目的 探讨甲型H1N1流行性感冒（简称流感）危重症患儿的临床特点,为重症病例的识别提供临床依据. 方法 回顾性分析5例甲型H1N1流感危重症患儿的临床资料. 结果 3例以呼吸系统症状起病,如咳嗽、流涕、咽喉痛等流感样症状,其中2例出现进行性呼吸困难,合并呼吸衰竭,1例合并脂肪酸代谢障碍,1例合并链球菌感染;1例以神经系统症状起病,如头痛、嗜睡、反复抽搐、并进入浅昏迷;1例以消化系统症状起病,如恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻,伴有脑病表现,血小板进行性下降,继发川崎病.5例息儿均有发热,神经系统受累;流感病毒A抗体检测均阳性,血沉、C反应蛋白升高;2例血小板下降,谷丙氨酸转移酶和心肌酶明显升高;3例血凝分析异常,胸部CT示双肺广泛渗出性改变.5例患儿死亡2例,治愈3例. 结论 甲型H1N1流感重症患儿多以呼吸道症状起病,临床表现呈多样性,多伴有神经系统受累,可累及多个系统及脏器,出现急性呼吸窘迫综合征,患儿预后较差.     

Prevention of novel influenza infection in newborns in hospital settings: considerations and strategies during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic

During the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, many pregnant women experienced severe illness and some gave birth while ill with suspected or confirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza. Because of concerns about possible transmission of this novel virus to immunologically na?ve newborns, and the absence of definitive studies regarding this risk, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reviewed relevant literature to understand the potential burden of disease and routes of transmission affecting newborns. This report describes the issues considered during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic as CDC developed guidance to protect newborns in hospital settings. Also presented is a framework of protection efforts to prevent novel influenza infection in fetuses/newborns before birth and in hospital settings. Although developed specifically for the pandemic, the framework may be useful during future novel influenza outbreaks.