小鼠RAPD-PCR反应体系及扩增程序的筛选

目的:筛选优化小鼠RAPD-PCR反应体系及扩增程序.方法:以40条引物对9个品系的小鼠基因组DNA在各种不同条件下进行RAPD-PCR,分析比较扩增结果.结果:在下列反应体系及扩增程序下结果较好:在25 μl的反应体系中含有10×buffer 2.5 μl,dNTP 200μmol/L, Mg2+ 2.5 mmol/L,引物0.2 μmol/L,Taq酶1.5 U,模板DNA 20 ng,扩增程序为94℃变性1 min,38℃退火1 min,72℃延伸2 min,40个循环后接10 min延伸.结论:以上述反应体系及扩增程序进行小鼠RAPD-PCR,扩增结果稳定.     

药用百合DNA提取和RAPD条件的优化

目的确定药用百合最佳随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析方法。方法以药用百合新鲜鳞叶为材料,研究DNA的提取方法,并对影响RAPD反应的各因素进行优化。结果药用百合RAPD反应体系及程序为:在40μL反应体系中,含40 ng模板DNA,0.3μmol/L随机引物,0.2 mmol/L dNTPs,1.7 mmol/L Mg2 ,3μL 10×PCRBuffer,1.5 U Taq酶;扩增程序为:第一步94℃预变性2 min,第二步94℃变性1 min,第三步36℃退火45 s,第四步72℃延伸90 s,返回至第二步重复40个循环,第六步72℃延伸10 min,最后4℃保存以备电泳。结论建立了药用百合RAPD的优化反应体系及程序。     

人源细粒棘球蚴的RAPD分析体系建立

目的建立PCR—RAPD反应体系，提升细粒棘球蚴随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）遗传多态性研究的稳定性，为研究细粒棘球蚴的分类学以及包虫病的分子流行病学奠定基础。方法采用改进的酚-氯仿抽提法提取细粒棘球蚴基因组DNA，用单因素筛选方法建立PCR—RAPD分析体系。结果采用改进的酚／氯仿抽提方法提取细粒棘球蚴基因组DNA质量高，适用于PCR—RAPD扩增分析；在25μL体系中，RAPD—PCR扩增反应各成分的最佳浓度为：dNTP0．2—0．3mmol／L、Taq酶2．5U、随机引物0．8—1．4μmol／L，模板为60ng。PCR扩增最佳条件为：95℃预变性5min；94℃变性30s、32℃退火45s、72℃延伸1min、共35个循环；最后72℃延伸10min；初步从20条引物中筛选出11条带型丰富的随机引物。结论酚-氯仿适用于提取细粒棘球蚴基因组DNA，优化的RAPD反应体系和筛选出的随机引物适合进行细粒棘球蚴RAPD遗传多态性分析。     

凋亡相关基因bcl-2和Bax在大鼠应激性溃疡中的表达及作用

目的筛选优化小鼠RAPD-PCR反应体系及扩增程序。方法以2条引物对4个品系的小鼠基因组DNA在各种不同条件下进行RAPD-PCR,分析比较扩增结果。结果扩增结果较好的反应体系及扩增程序如下:在25 ml的反应体系中含有10×buffer2．5μl,dNTP 200 mmol／L,Mg2+ 2．5mmol／L,引物0．2 mmol/L,Taq酶1．25 U,扩增程序为94℃变性1 min,40℃退火1 min,72℃延伸90 s,40个循环后72℃延伸5 min。结论这一反应体系和扩增程序在我们实验室得到了较好的扩增效果。     

两面针ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立及优化

【目的】建立适合两面针简单重复序列—聚合酶链反应(ISSR-PCR)体系和扩增程序。【方法】采用改良的高盐低pH法提取两面针基因组DNA,通过单因素试验和正交试验相结合对ISSR反应体系中的主要成分(Mg2+、Taq DNA聚合酶、引物和模板)进行筛选和优化,并考察退火温度对扩增结果的影响。【结果】最佳的PCR反应体系为:总体积为25μL,含1.50 mmol/L Mg2+、150μmol/L dNTPs、0.04 U/μL Taq DNA聚合酶、0.60μmol/L引物、2.40 ng/μL DNA模板。扩增程序为:94℃预变性5 min;94℃变性30 s,51.4℃退火45 s,72℃延伸2 min;35个循环;72℃再延伸10 min。【结论】优化了两面针ISSR-PCR反应体系和扩增程序,为两面针ISSR遗传多样性分析打下基础。     

白芷ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立和优化

目的:建立白芷的ISSR最佳反应体系及PCR扩增参数,为今后利用ISSR标记技术进行白芷鉴定及种质遗传多样性分析提供一个标准化程序.方法:以白芷基因组DNA为模板,分析了ISSR反应体系中模板DNA、Mg2 、dNTPs、引物浓度,TaqDNA聚合酶用量及退火温度对ISSR-PCR扩增的影响.结果:建立了重复性好,分辨率高的ISSR反应体系,即在25μL反应体系中,模板DNA浓度为10～30 ng,2.5μ10×PCR buffer(Mg2 free),MgCl2 2.0 mmol/L,dNTPs 0.2 mmol/L,Taq酶1.0U,引物0.6 pμmol/L;扩增程序为:94℃预变性5 min;94℃变性30 s,引物在筛选后的最佳退火温度退火45 s,72℃延伸2min,共计39个循环,循环结束后在72℃延伸5 min.结论:建立了适用于白芷的ISSR反应体系.为今后利用ISSR标记技术开展白芷遗传变异分析和构建遗传图谱奠定了基础.     

黄花蒿ISSR-PCR反应体系的优化

目的:建立黄花蒿(Artemisia annuaL.)的ISSR最佳反应体系及PCR扩增参数,为今后利用ISSR标记技术开展黄花蒿种间遗传多样性分析提供一个标准化程序。方法:以黄花蒿DNA为材料,分析了ISSR反应体系中的DNA、Mg2 、dNTPs浓度,TaqDNA聚合酶用量以及退火温度对ISSR-PCR扩增的影响。结果:建立了重复性好,分辨率高的ISSR反应体系,即在25μL反应体系中,模板DNA浓度为15~45 ng,2.5μL的10倍Buffer(Mg2 free)缓冲液,MgCl22.0 mmol/L,dNTPs为0.15 mmol/L,Taq酶1.0 U,引物1.0μmol/L;扩增程序为:94℃预变性5 min;94℃变性30 s,引物在筛选后的最佳退火温度退火45 s,72℃延伸2 min,共计40个循环,循环结束后在72℃延伸5 min。结论:建立了适用于黄花蒿的ISSR反应体系,为今后利用ISSR标记技术开展黄花蒿种间遗传变异分析和构建遗传图谱奠定了基础。     

香加皮ISSR—PCR条件体系的优化

采用正交设计法、均匀设计法,对影响香加皮IssR—PCR43体系的引物、Mg2＋、dNTP、TaqDNA聚合酶浓度进行优化,通过两种方法的比较建立了适合香加皮ISSR-PCR的反应体系：在20μL反应体系中,含Mg2＋1mmol／L、dNTP0．15mmol／L、引物1．0μmol／L、TaqDNA聚合酶1U、buffer2．5μL和模板DNA约50ng。在此基础上对扩增程序中的退火温度进行筛选,通过比较将退火温度定为50℃,最终扩增程序定为：94℃预变性4min接着进行40个循环：94℃变性30S,50~C退火1min,72℃2延伸90s;循环结束后72℃延伸10min。     

黄花蒿SRAP-PCR反应体系的建立与优化

目的用序列相关扩增多态性(SRAP)这一新的分子标记技术建立稳定可重复的黄花蒿Artemisia annua的SRAP最佳反应体系。方法以黄花蒿DNA为模板,分析了SRAP反应体系中的一些重要参数对PCR扩增的影响。结果建立了稳定可重复的SRAP反应体系;25μL反应体系中,模板DNA为30～105ng,MgCl2为2.0mmol/L,dNTP为0.25mmol/L,Taq酶为1.0U,引物为2.0μmol/L;扩增程序:94℃预变性3min,94℃变性1min,35℃复性1min,72℃延伸1min,5个循环;94℃变性1min,50℃复性1min,72℃延伸1min,35个循环,72℃延伸7min。结论本研究建立的黄花蒿SRAP体系重复性好,稳定性强。     

红景天属植物DALP反应体系的建立

目的 利用直接扩增片段长度多态(DALP)这一新分子标记技术建立一套稳定的红景天属植物的DALP反应体系。方法 以红景天基因组DNA为模板,对DALP反应程序的一些重要参数进行摸索和优化试验。结果 建立了一套稳定性强、可靠性高的DALP应用反应体系;经过大量重复性实验,反应体系为20μL,Mg2 浓度为2.5 mmol/L,dNTPs浓度为1.25 mmol/L,模板DNA的量为60 ng,5 pmol/L选择性引物1μL,5 pmol/L反向引物3 μL,引物浓度比为1:3,Taq酶2 U。反应过程为:95℃预变性5 min、94℃变性30 s、50℃退火30 s、72℃延伸1 min;30个循环,再72℃延伸10 min,完成整个PCR反应。结论 该体系可有效地应用于红景天属药材的分类鉴定和地道性鉴定。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.