微创经皮肾镜取石及腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术处理输尿管上段结石临床效果观察

目的探讨微创经皮肾镜取石及腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术处理输尿管上段结石临床效果。方法我院采用微创手术治疗的输尿管上段结石患者70例,随机分为微创经皮肾镜取石组（PCNL组）和腹腔镜输尿管切开取石组（LU组）各35例。比较两组患者平均手术时间、平均住院时间、术中出血量、结石清除率、术后并发症发生率。结果 PCNL组的术中出血量明显多于LU组患者（P〈0.05）,但因为均为微创手术,所有两组患者的出血量均很少。而在平均手术时间、平均住院时间、结石清除率、术后并发症发生率的比较上,PCNL组患者与LU组患者的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论微创经皮肾镜取石及腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管上段结石均具有疗效确切、术中患者痛苦小、术后恢复快、并发症少的特点,医生可以根据患者的病情选择合适的手术方式。     

微创经皮肾镜取石术和腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管上段结石的临床疗效对比

目的分析对比微创经皮肾镜取石术和腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管上段结石的临床疗效。方法将我院在2010年2月至2015年2月收治的46例输尿管上段结石患者,利用随机数字法分为对照组23例和观察组23例,对照组采用微创经皮肾镜取石术,观察组采用腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石术,比较两组术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间以及患者术后并发症发生率、结石清除率。结果观察组手术时间明显高于对照组(P0.05),结果差异具有统计学意义;观察组术中出血量明显低于对照组(P0.05),结果差异具有统计学意义;观察组术后并发症发生率和结石清除率和对照组差异没有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论微创经皮肾镜取石术和腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管上段结石效果均比较好,并发症低,安全可靠,医师可根据患者的实际情况采取不同的手术方法。     

微创经皮肾镜取石治疗输尿管上段嵌顿性结石的临床探究

目的探究微创经皮肾镜取石治疗输尿管上段嵌顿性结石的临床效果。方法选取本院2016年3月至2017年3月接诊的输尿管上段嵌顿性结石的患者64例,将其按照治疗方式的不同分为微创组与对照组,每组分别32例。微创组进行经皮肾镜取石治疗,对照组进行经尿道输尿管镜碎石术,对比两组患者的手术时间、住院时间、结石清除率以及并发症发生率。结果微创组的结石清除率高于对照组,并发症低于对照组,P0.05;住院时间、手术时间要略高于对照组,P0.05。结论微创经皮肾镜取石治疗术治疗输尿管上段嵌顿性结石的临床效果显著,能够提高结石清除率,但手术时间和住院时间较长,应结合实际选择手术方法。     

不同术式治疗输尿管上段结石的随机对照研究

目的 探讨经输尿管镜钬激光碎石和微创经皮肾镜碎石术在输尿管上段结石患者中的应用效果.方法 选择2008年12月至201 1年12月在我院泌尿外科住院治疗的108例输尿管上段结石患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组各54例,对照组行微创经皮肾镜碎石术,观察组行经输尿管镜钬激光碎石,比较两组患者的手术时间、住院时间、住院费用、碎石成功率、结石排尽率及并发症发生率等疗效指标.结果 观察组患者在手术时间、术中并发症、碎石成功及结石排尽率明显少于/低于对照组(P＜0.05),观察组患者住院时间和住院费用明显短于/少于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 临床上治疗输尿管上段结石应根据结石的部位、大小、停留时间及输尿管解剖等实际情况来选择具有的手术方案.对输尿管上段较大结石、结石停留时间较长的患者优先选择微创经皮肾镜碎石术进行治疗.     

微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗输尿管上段嵌顿性结石的临床研究

目的探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗输尿管上段嵌顿性结石的临床效果。方法选择输尿管上段嵌顿性结石患者132例,随机分为治疗组和对照组各66例。对照组采用传统手术治疗,治疗组接受微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗。比较观察两组的治疗效果。结果治疗组一次性清石率明显高于对照组,术后复发率、术后并发症发生率明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组手术时间、术中出血量、卧床时间、住院时间均明显少于对照组,术后疼痛明显轻于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于输尿管上段嵌顿性结石患者,采用微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗效果明显,能提高一次性结石清除率,降低术后并发症及复发率,缩短手术时间、卧床时间及住院时间,减少术中出血量。     

输尿管上段结石的不同微创治疗方法临床对比分析

目的:探讨输尿管上段结石的微创治疗方法选择。方法:将100例输尿管上段结石患者随机分成两组,每组50例,分别行后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术和经皮肾镜取石术治疗,比较两组结石清除率、并发症发生情况以及相关的临床资料。结果:两组结石清除率、手术时间、术后住院时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。腹腔镜组和经皮肾镜组术后平均出血量分别为(26.88±3.24)ml和(74.49±11.24)ml,并发症发生率分别为4%和18%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:两种方法治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石都是有效的微创治疗策略,经皮肾镜组术后并发症显著高于腹腔镜组,后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术安全性高于微创经皮肾镜取石术。     

微创经皮肾镜联合输尿管软镜治疗肾结石疗效观察

目的观察微创经皮肾镜联合输尿管软镜治疗肾结石治疗的效果。方法 122例肾结石患者分为对照组及观察组,对照组（60例）采用微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗,观察组（62例）采用微创经皮肾镜联合输尿管软镜取石术治疗。比较两组手术时间、住院时间、结石清除率及术后并发症发生率。结果对照组手术时间及住院时间均明显高于观察组（均P〈0.05）。观察组结石清除率及术后并发症发生率均明显低于对照组（均P〈0.05）。结论微创经皮肾镜碎石术中联合输尿管软镜治疗肾结石具有损伤小、取石彻底及安全性高等优点,值得推广。     

输尿管结石不同治疗方法的比较

目的：比较不同方法治疗输尿管结石的临床效果。方法：选取我院2010年8月一2012年8月间诊治的50例上段输尿管结石患者,将其随机分为两组,每组均为25例;对照组患者运用后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术治疗,观察组患者运用经皮肾取石术治疗,比较两组患者治疗后出现并发症以及结石清除情况等相关资料。结果：两组患者的手术时间、结石清除率以及术后住院时间均未见明显差异,无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。经皮肾镜组患者的术后平均出血量和并发症发生率明显优于腹腔镜组,两组患者比较差异显著,有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论：两种方法均可用于治疗上段输尿管嵌钝性结石,均为微创治疗方法,观察组患者术后出现并发症的几率明显低于对照组,可以得出微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗上段输尿管结石的方法比后腹腔镜安全性高。     

微创经皮肾镜碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石62例

目的对微创经皮肾镜碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石的效果进行观察分析。方法采用随机抽选法从本院近年收治的输尿管上段结石患者中选取62例,将其作为本次研究的观察对象,其中对照组24例患者应用的输尿管镜取石术治疗,而研究组38例患者应用微创经皮肾镜碎石术治疗,比较分析两组患者治疗的结果。结果研究组患者在手术时间、住院时间上明显短于对照组(P0.05),出血量明显比后者少(P0.05),且Ⅰ期结石清除率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论临床采用微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗输尿管上段结石效果确切,能有效将手术时间、住院时间缩短,降低出血量,具有较高的安全性,值得在临床推广使用。     

微创经皮肾镜碎石术治疗输尿管上段嵌顿性结石的临床疗效

目的:观察微创经皮肾镜碎石术治疗输尿管上段嵌顿性结石的临床疗效。方法:抽取我院2007年2月至2011年3月输尿管上段嵌顿性结石的患者60例,随机将其分为实验组和对照组,每组30例,给予实验组的患者经皮肾镜碎石术治疗,对照组的患者进行经尿道输尿管镜碎石术治疗,观察两组的结石消除率和并发症的发生率、手术时间和住院时间。结果:实验组在治疗一个月后结石消除率高达100%,显著高于对照组结石的消除率(87.2%),具有统计学差异(p0.05);实验组患者的手术时间为59.2~66.4min,住院时间为4~7天,与对照组比较均有统计学差异(p0.05)。两组术后发烧、感染、腹腔脏器损伤和迟发性出血等并发症发生率比较无统计学差异(p0.05)。结论:微创经皮肾镜碎石术治疗输尿管上段嵌顿性结石的疗效明显,方法可靠,比较安全,可以在基层推广。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.