The -174 G/C polymorphism of the interleukin-6 gene promoter is associated with Alzheimer's disease in an Italian population [corrected

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine playing a crucial role in inflammation and tissue injury. A role for this molecule in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been proposed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between a common polymorphism of the IL-6 gene promoter and AD in the Italian population. We found that the frequency of the GG genotype was significantly higher in AD patients than controls on both univariate ( rho< 0.0001) and multivariate analysis ( rho< 0.0001). In contrast, the CC genotype seems to be associated with a reduced risk of disease ( rho< 0.0001). Our data indicate that the IL-6 gene polymorphism is associated with AD in Italians and confirm that IL-6 is crucial in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders.     

IL-6基因调控区-174G/C多态性与急性脑梗死的关系

目的　探讨急性脑梗死患者 IL - 6基因调控区 - 174位点多态性与疾病的相关关系。方法　急性脑梗死患者 42例 ,男 2 4例 ,女 18例 ,年龄 41～ 90岁 ,平均 6 6 .6± 9.8岁。健康对照组 18例 ,男 11例 ,女 7例 ,年龄 31～ 5 4岁 ,平均 45 .6± 8.7岁。采用 PCR扩增、限制性内切酶片段长度多态性 ( RFL P)分析和 DNA序列测定 ,认识IL - 6基因调控区 - 174位点的多态性 ;同时 EL ISA定量分析脑梗死患者和正常人血清白细胞介素 - 6的含量。结果　急性脑梗死患者 IL - 6基因调控区 - 174位点均为 GG型。患者血清白细胞介素 - 6水平升高 ,明显高与正常对照组 ( P<0 .0 1)。结论　急性脑梗死患者未发现 IL - 6基因调控区 - 174位点的基因变异 ,推测 - 174位点的多态性没有参与急性脑梗死的发生和发展过程。     

Interleukin-6 and interleukin-6 promoter polymorphism (-174) G > C in patients with spontaneous venous thromboembolism

Increased levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been reported in patients with a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE); however, prospective studies did not confirm an association between inflammatory markers that are highly correlated with IL-6 and the risk ofVTE. It was the aim of our study to investigate the association of IL-6 and its promoter polymorphism (-174) G > C with the risk of spontaneousVTE. IL-6 was measured in 128 patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT,70 w/58 m),105 with pulmonary embolism (PE, 58 w/47 m) and 122 healthy controls (60 w/62 m) with a highly sensitive ELISA (Quantikine HS Human IL-6 Immunoassay, RnDSystems). The promoter polymorphism was determined by genotyping, allele specific PCR was followed by high resolution gel-electrophoresis. Median concentrations [interquartile ranges] were 2.37 [1.51-3.89] (pg/ml) in patients with DVT, 2.83 [1.83-4.87] in those with PE and 2.51 [1.71-4.78] in controls (p = 0.6, p = 0.4). Hetero- or homozygous carriers of the C allele (71% in DVT, 67% in PE and 59% among controls) did not have higher IL-6 levels than homozygous carriers of the G allele (median 2.60 vs. 2.59 pg/ml, p = 0.7). In conclusion, we found no association of IL-6 and its promoter polymorphism (-174) G > C with the risk of spontaneous VTE.     

白细胞介素-6基因-174G/C多态性与阿尔茨海默病及血管性痴呆的关联研究

目的 探索白细胞介素-6(IL-6)基因启动子区-174G/C多态性与阿尔茨海默病(AD)、血管性痴呆(VD)的关系.方法 采取病例对照研究方法 ,以广州地区流行病学调查中诊断的161例AD、54例VD患者和247名健康老年人为研究对象,用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术检测IL-6基因-174G/C多态性.结果 (1)所有研究对象均无C/C基因型.(2)AD组C等位基因频率(0.9%)及G/C基因型(1.9%)高于正常对照组(均为0),但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);按是否携带载脂蛋白E(Apo E)ε4进行分层,差异仍无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(3)VD患者C等位基因(1.9%)频率及G/C基因型(3.7%)高于正常对照组(均为0),差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).(4)中、重度AD患者含ε4等位基因的频率(23.9%)高于对照组(14.7%,P＜0.05).结论 IL-6基因-174G/C多态性不是广州地区汉族人群AD发病的危险因素,但与VD可能有关联.     

唐山地区汉族人群脑梗死患者IL-6基因-174G/C多态性研究

目的探讨唐山地区汉族部分人群中IL-6基因-174C/G多态性与脑梗死的关系。方法采用多聚酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态法(PCR-RFLP)技术,检测118例脑梗死患者(病例组)和154例健康体检者(对照组)的IL-6基因-174C/G多态性位点频率,分析其基因型。结果脑梗死病例组与对照组IL-6-174G/C基因型全部为GG基因型,均未观察到CG和GG基因型存在。结论唐山地区汉族部分人群中不存在IL-6-174G/C基因多态性,-174位点的变异可能和脑梗死的发生、发展没有明确的关系。     

The -174G/C polymorphism of the interleukin 6 gene is a hallmark of lacunar stroke and not other ischemic stroke phenotypes

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The CC genotype of the -174 G/C interleukin (IL)-6 polymorphism has been associated with lacunar stroke. However, it remains unsettled whether this polymorphism is also associated with other ischemic stroke phenotypes. METHODS: The -174 G/C IL-6 polymorphism was genotyped in patients with lacunar stroke (n = 89), stroke due to large vessel disease (n = 82), cardioembolism (n = 53), stroke of undetermined cause (n = 49) and in white controls without any history of stroke (n = 105) by PCR and restriction enzyme analysis. Independent predictors of the -174 G/C IL-6 genotypes were assessed using multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for demographics, risk factors and disease state. RESULTS: The prevalence of the CC genotype was 8.5% in large vessel disease, 7.5% in embolism, 19.1% in lacunar stroke, 14.3% in stroke of undetermined cause and 8.6% in controls. The CC genotype was independently associated with lacunar stroke only (adjusted OR 3.22, 95% CI 9.09-1.12). Contrarily, there were no significant differences in genotype and allele distribution in the remainder of ischemic stroke phenotypes. Pooling of patients with nonlacunar stroke did not show any independent association with the CC genotype as compared with controls (OR 1.01, 95% CI 2.77-0.36). CONCLUSIONS: The unique association between the CC genotype of the -174 G/C IL-6 polymorphism and lacunar stroke suggests a particular susceptibility of small deep penetrators of cerebral arteries to IL-6-mediated inflammatory damage.     

白细胞介素-6 -634 C/G基因多态性与脑梗死的关系

目的 探讨中国湖南汉族人群IL-6-634C/G基因多态性与脑梗死的关系.方法 应用聚合酶链反应-限制性酶切片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)方法对中国湖南汉族314例脑梗死患者和326例与之年龄、性别等相匹配的健康体检者进行IL-6-634C/G基因多态分析,并经基因测序证实.结果 在中国湖南汉族人群中,IL-6-634C/G存在GG、CG、CC 3种基因型;3种基因型和等位基因频率在脑梗死组和对照组之间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05).结论 IL-6-634C/G基因多态性可能不是湖南汉族人群脑梗死的遗传易感基因.     

白细胞介素6基因多态性与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的关系

目的探讨IL-6-572C/G基因多态性与中国湖南地区汉族人群动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死(atherosclerotic cerebral infarction,ACI)的关系。方法在湖南汉族人群中筛选199例脑梗死患者为脑梗死组,196名健康体检者为对照组,采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length poly-morphism,PCR-RFLP)方法测定IL-6-572C/G基因多态性。结果脑梗死组与对照组间比较,IL-6-572C/G基因型分布存在统计学差异(2=5.120,P<0.05),IL-6-572C/G基因C和G等位基因频率也存在统计学差异,(C和G等位基因频率,脑梗死组为0.741、0.259,对照组为0.816、0.184)(2=5.491,P<0.05)。G等位基因携带者发生脑梗死的风险是C等位基因的1.552倍(OR=1.552,95%CI:1.092-2.315)。结论 IL-6-572C/G基因多态性与ACI发病有关,可能是中国湖南地区汉族人群ACI发病的遗传易感基因。     

The HhaI polymorphism in the CYP2D6 gene is not associated with Parkinson's disease in a Caucasian population

Polymorphisms of the CYP2D6 gene have been reported in association with susceptibility to Parkinson's disease (PD). In a Japanese population, a HhaI polymorphism in the CYP2D6 gene was associated with a 5.56-fold risk of PD (Tsuneoka et al., 1993). We investigated the frequency of this polymorphism in Caucasian patients with sporadic PD and in healthy controls. Although the frequency of the polymorphism was significantly higher in Caucasians compared with Japanese, there was no association with PD.     

Interleukin-6 gene (-174 C/G ) and apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms and the risk of Alzheimer disease in a Polish population

Background and purposeInflammation plays a prominent role in Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and some genetic variations in the IL-6 gene have been reported to be associated with a risk of AD. However, the results of the conducted studies are equivocal.Material and methodsWe genotyped IL-6 (–174 C/G) and apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) common polymorphisms in a large case-controlled study in a Polish population. We included 361 patients aged ≥ 65 years with AD (mean age 75.8 ± 5.3 years, 232 females [64.3%]) and 200 controls (75.3 ± 7.4 years; 119 females [59.5%]), without any neurological deficit, cognitive complaints or history of neurological diseases. The IL-6 polymorphism was genotyped using TaqMan SNP allelic discrimination by means of an ABI 7900HT (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA).ResultsThe distribution of the IL-6 (–174 C/G) genotypes was similar to that in the controls (AD: C/C = 15.79%, C/G = 51.25%, G/G = 32.96% vs. controls: C/C = 21.50%, C/G = 45.50%, G/G = 33.0%, p > 0.05). Our study confirms previous reports that APOE 4 is strongly related to the risk of AD (OR = 6.17; 95% CI: 4.01–9.49). APOE status did not affect the distribution of the studied IL-6 polymorphism.ConclusionIL-6 (–174 C/G) polymorphism is not a risk factor for late onset AD in a Polish population.