Incorporation of Bone Graft Covered with Methylmethacrylate onto Acetabular Wall: An Experimental Study

The acetabular model, as described in the present study, appears to serve as a promising experimental model for grafting procedures since it promotes the acceptance of autogenous grafts and the induction of new bone formation. Further, the biologic and mechanical properties of the femoro-acetabular joint appear permissive to the development of an efficient reparative system even when a foreign material such as methylmethacrylate cement is incorporated into the overall reconstructive procedure. Hence, it is hereby recommended to utilize the biological approach in the frame of replacement arthroplasty of severely damaged acetabulum.     

Pelvic ramus fractures in the elderly

Background Whilst it is well known that fractures of the pelvic rami in the elderly are frequently associated with posterior ring injuries, the extent of this second injury is less well known. We evaluated this question by MRI scanning a group of elderly patients presenting at our unit with pelvic rami fractures.

Patients and methods We investigated 50 consecutive elderly patients (45 women) with fractures of the pelvic rami using an MRI scan of the pelvis in order to assess the competency of the pelvic ring.

Results On MRI, 45 (95% CI 42–48) patients had a sacral fracture. At 5-month follow-up, 39 (of 41 reviewed) still complained of posterior sacral tenderness.

Interpretation Pelvic rami fractures in the elderly are nearly always associated with posterior ring injuries. This probably explains why these patients take longer to rehabilitate than might be expected if only the anterior injury is considered, and it also explains why they experience long-term back pain.     

The in Vitro Elution of Gentamicin Sulphate from Methylmethacrylate Bone Cement: A Comparative Study

The in vitro elution of gentamicin from three brands of bone cement has been studied. One was found to have a much longer lasting activity than the other two. This activity and the possible deleterious side effects from the use of gentamicin in bone cement as a routine procedure are discussed.     

异体骨和异体骨骨水泥在骨骼重建方面的临床观察

目的研究异体骨和异体骨骨水泥重建骨缺损的疗效。方法本组42例，行异体骨植入的20例，异体骨骨水泥(异体骨粒与骨水泥体积比为1：1混合)重建的22例。结果42例患者随访3个月～2．5年，平均1．3a。其中20例用异体骨全部愈合，愈合时间3．5～7个月，平均5．2个月。22例异体骨水泥中有2例骨不连，其余均愈合，愈合率为90．9％，愈合时间为9～12个月，平均10．5个月。结论异体骨和异体骨骨水泥在骨缺损的重建上疗效优良，异体骨应用范围更广，治愈率更高，异体骨骨水泥在治疗良、恶交界性和恶性肿瘤上性能优越，尤其适应于生存时间长的骨肿瘤的保肢术是一种切实可行的方法。     

微波消融联合骨水泥、锁定钢板内固定治疗长骨干转移癌

目的探讨原位微波消融联合骨水泥、锁定钢板内固定治疗四肢长骨干转移癌的疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年3月~2018年6月我科收治的17例四肢长骨干转移癌患者的临床资料,其中病理性骨折3例,均采用原位微波消融、病灶刮除后联合骨水泥填充、锁定钢板内固定治疗,手术部位:股骨7例,肱骨6例,胫骨4例。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,无术中并发症。所有患者术后均获得随访,随访时间5~27个月。术后3月VAS评分、MSTS评分、KPS评分较术前明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后14个月出现右股骨钢板断裂并骨折1例,术后20个月出现左肱骨转移灶复发1例。随访期间死亡12例,存活5例。术后半年、1年及2年生存率分别为94.1%,60.8%及8.9%。结论采用原位微波消融联合骨水泥填充、锁定钢板内固定治疗四肢长骨干转移癌,可以降低肿瘤局部复发率,缓解疼痛,恢复患肢功能,改善患者生活质量。     

抗生素骨水泥联合改良胫骨横向骨搬移治疗重症糖尿病足

目的 探讨应用抗生素骨水泥联合改良胫骨横向骨搬移治疗重症糖尿病足的临床疗效。方法 选取2018年5月至2021年5月我院收治的24例重症糖尿病足病人,应用抗生素骨水泥联合改良胫骨横向骨搬移治疗。本组病人有5～20年的糖尿病史,其中Wagner 3级病人6例,Wagner 4级病人17例,Wagner 5级病人1例。术后观察创面愈合情况,术前及术后测量患肢皮温、疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分、患肢感觉阀值、踝肱指数;术前和术后3个月,行双下肢CT血管造影（CT angiography,CTA）。结果 24例病人均获得随访,随访时间为（23.67±5.74）个月（9～36个月）,患肢均保肢成功,创面全部愈合。术后患肢皮温为（31.32±0.52）℃,踝肱指数为0.87±0.16,均较术前显著升高,术后的感觉阈值为（24.81±2.62）Volt,VAS评分为（4.70±0.58）分,均较术前显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。根据病人治疗前后的双下肢血管CTA对比发现,治疗后腿部侧枝动脉增加明显,未见静脉血栓,血流及循环改善。结论 应用抗生素骨水泥联合改良胫骨横向骨搬移治疗重...     

复合阿伦磷酸钠骨水泥洗提特性的实验研究

目的研究复合阿伦磷酸钠骨水泥的洗提特性及不同阿伦磷酸钠加入量对骨水泥洗提特性的影响。方法制备5组不同阿伦磷酸钠加入量的骨水泥浸提标本,用高效液相色谱仪串联质谱仪测定浸提液中20个不同时间点的药物释放速率和释放总量百分比。结果各组阿伦磷酸钠释放速率先快后慢,随着加入量增加而增大;释放总量百分比在快速释放期（约1周）相似,约11%,而在缓慢释放期差别更大,但在24周时均小于25%。结论骨水泥是一种良好的阿伦磷酸钠的载体和缓释体,阿伦磷酸钠在骨水泥聚合时未被破坏且可从骨水泥中缓慢释放,释放浓度随加入量增加而增加。     

脱钙骨基质/磷酸钙复合骨水泥骨诱导活性观察

目的:观察磷酸钙骨水泥(CPC)中加入脱钙骨基质(DBM)后形成的复合骨水泥的成骨诱导活性。方法:将DBM/CPC复合骨水泥分别植入兔背肌肌袋内,于不同时间取材,通过组织学切片、ALP等手段观察异位诱导成骨情况。结果:术后2周,DBM/CPC复合骨水泥组可见间充质细胞增殖、聚集并包绕DBM骨粒。4周时,DBM已有部分吸收,并软骨样细胞和软骨样组织包裹。8周,DBM进一步吸收,软骨细胞和软骨组织逐渐成熟,新骨形成。12周,DBM吸收并被新骨组织部分或大部分代替且相互连接成片。ALP测定结果与组织学观察的新骨形成情况基本一致。结论:DBM/CPC复合骨水泥有较强的异位诱导成骨能力,诱导新骨的形成伴随着材料的降解,可以有效弥补单纯使用CPC时降解速度太慢和无骨诱导能力的不足。     

Atlanto-Axial Fusion in Rheumatoid Arthritis A New Method of Fixation with Wire and Bone Cement

Twenty-eight occipito-cervical fusions performed over the past 4 years in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are discussed. All of the patients with one exception had signs of neurological involvement preoperatively due to pressure on occipital nerve roots, spinal cord and/or vertebral arteries. a surgical technique using wire, pin and bone cement and permitting early mobilization without external fixation was used and is described in detail. The clinical results were excellent in 21 cases with an additional five patients showing improvement. One patient did not benefit from surgery and one had no symptoms preoperatively. The results are encouraging and the possibility of early mobilization (the day after surgery) is of the utmost importance for this group of patients.     

Combined Autograft and Bone Cement for Painful Chondroblastoma: A Case Report

Chondroblastomas of the talus can lead to joint collapse and are often treated using curettage and bone grafting. In the present report, we describe the case of a 19-year-old female with a large chondroblastoma of the talus associated with a secondary aneurysmal cyst. We treated the large cartilage lesion, which involved most of the talus, with an iliac bone graft combined with bone cement to fill the large bone defect and preserve the subchondral bone of the articular surface of the dome of the talus.     

Does the Effectiveness and Mechanical Strength of Kanamycin-Loaded Bone Cement in Musculoskeletal Tuberculosis Compare to Vancomycin-Loaded Bone Cement

BackgroundAntibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) is used to deliver antimycobacterial agents into the focal lesion of musculoskeletal tuberculosis. Although kanamycin is currently used as an antimycobacterial agent for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, there is no information about its suitability in ALBC.MethodsAn in vitro experiment was conducted with cylindrical shape of 40 g of bone cement with 1, 2, and 3 g of kanamycin. Eluate (1 mL) was extracted from each specimen to measure the level of elution and antimycobacterial activity on days 1, 4, 7, 14, and 30. The quantity of kanamycin in eluates was evaluated by a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system, and the antimycobacterial activity of eluates against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was calculated by comparing the minimal inhibitory concentration. The ultimate compression strength was conducted using a material testing system machine (Instron 3366; Instron, Norwood, MA) before and after elution.ResultsEluates from ALBC containing 2 and 3 g of kanamycin had effective antimycobacterial activity for 30 days, whereas eluates from ALBC containing 1 g of kanamycin were partially active until day 30. The pre-eluted compression strength of kanamycin-loaded cement and vancomycin-loaded cement was weaker as they contained a larger amount of antibiotics. There was no statistical difference between the strength of all kanamycin regimens and 1 g of vancomycin in the ultimate compression test. After 30 days of elution, the strength of all kanamycin-loaded cement and vancomycin-loaded cement cylinders was significantly lower than that of initial specimens (P < .05).ConclusionThe antimycobacterial activity of ALBC containing more than 2 g of kanamycin was effective during a 30-day period. The ultimate compression strength of bone cement loaded with 1-3 g of kanamycin was comparable with 1 g of vancomycin while maintaining effective elution until day 30.     

Moore Hemi-Arthroplasty with and Without Bone Cement in Femoral Neck Fractures: A Clinical Controlled Trial

In a clinical, controlled trial 112 patients with fresh femoral neck fractures were allocated to two groups of treatment: 55 patients had a Moore hemi-arthroplasty cemented with methyl methacrylate and 57 patients a non-cemented prosthesis. 75 patients attended the follow-up study. At 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after the operation the function of the hip was assessed according to Merle d'Aubigné. At 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after the operation the clinical results were significantly better among patients with cemented prosthesis, especially in relation to pain relief and gait function. It is concluded that fixation of the prosthesis with cement improves the clinical results, at least during the first 6 months following the operation.     

椎弓根骨水泥灌注螺钉再植入的临床应用

目的探讨椎弓根骨水泥灌注螺钉再植入技术对骨质疏松患者手术治疗的临床疗效。方法骨质疏松患者16例,平均63．8岁。采用椎弓根骨水泥灌注螺钉再植入的方法植入椎弓根螺钉121枚,观察椎弓根螺钉术中及术后的稳定性。结果16例患者均获得随访,随访时间8～36个月,平均18个月。16例均获得骨性愈合,愈合时间为4～6个月,X线片显示内固定物无松动、断裂或脱落,螺钉周围未见透亮线出现。结论经椎弓根向椎体、钉道灌注聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥,固化椎体的同时,增加了椎弓根螺钉的把持力,能够满足骨质疏松患者脊椎后路固定手术对力学稳定的要求。     

Effects of Vancomycin,Cefazolin and Test Conditions on the Wear Behavior of Bone Cement

Antibiotic cement has been recommended in the treatment of prosthetic infections. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical behavioral changes in cement loaded with two antibiotics, vancomycin and cefazolin, in dry and liquid medium. Six groups and four study conditions were established according to the doses of antibiotic used and the ageing (immersion in phosphate buffered saline) of the samples. Properties evaluated were friction coefficient and wear. Samples in dry medium showed higher wears than in liquid. Antibiotic selection did not influence wear properties tested in dry conditions, however, in liquid medium, there were higher frictional coefficients and wear for cefazolin loaded cement after one week and for vancomycin and cefazolin after one month. The results suggest that antibiotic cements behave differently in liquid and that the molecular characteristics of antibiotics are essential for determining this influence.     

Correlation of synovial fluid cytokine levels with histological and clinical parameters of primary and revision total hip and total knee replacements

We retrieved synovial tissue and fluid samples from patients undergoing primary total hip replacement (THR) (n 15), revision of aseptically loose THR (n 12), primary total knee replacement (TKR) (n 13) and revision of aseptically loose TKR (n 6). Several histological parameters were assessed on a relative scale of 1-4. Primary TJRs were clinically evaluated for degree of osteoarthrosis. Revision TJRs were assessed for migration of the implant, gross loosening and the degree of radiolucency. Cytokine levels in synovial fluid were determined with ELISA. All cytokines were significantly higher in revision TJRs than in primary replacements, as were the degree of macrophage and giant cell infiltration. We found no relationship between any clinical variable and the levels of any cytokine, but migration of the implant was related to the presence of PE debris. A significant correlation was seen between the presence of macrophages and the levels of IL-1 &#103 , IL-8 and IL-10, but not IL-6. No differences were noted between hips and knees for any of the variables, except in the levels of IL-6, where higher levels were found in THRs. These results suggest a unique role for IL-6 that requires further investigation.     

Bone Scintigraphy in Moore Hemiarthroplasty with and Without Cement Following Femoral Neck Fractures: A Controlled Study

In a controlled clinical trial patients with acute femoral neck fractures were allocated into two groups of treatment. One group (14 patients) had a Moore hemiarthroplasty cemented with methyl methacrylate, and the other (15 patients) a non-cemented prosthesis. Bone scanning with 99m-Tc-MDP was performed 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after the operation. Increased activity without time-trend was found at the operated side during the entire observation period in both groups. the activity was equally increased in the two groups. No correlation was found between the scintigraphic activity and the functional hip assessment according to Merle Aubigne.

Bone scintigraphy is of no diagnostic value in the evaluation of a hemiarthroplasty, cemented or without cementation, during the first year postoperatively, as an increased activity might be expected through the entire period.     

Comparing Bone Graft Techniques for Interbody Fusion through a Posterior Approach for Treating Mid‐Thoracic Spinal Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Analysis

ObjectiveMid‐thoracic spinal tuberculosis is prone to kyphotic deformities and neurologic impairment. Posterior approach can effectively restore the spinal stability by reconstructing the anterior and middle spinal columns. Titanium mesh cages (TMC), allogeneic bone (ALB), and autogenous bone (AUB) are three main bone graft struts. We aimed to compare the therapeutic efficacy of three bone graft struts, for anterior and middle column reconstruction through a posterior approach in cases of mid‐thoracic spinal tuberculosis.MethodsHundred and thirty seven patients with thoracic spinal tuberculosis who had undergone a posterior approach from June 2010 to December 2018 were enrolled. Of them, 46 patients were treated using a titanium mesh cage (TMC group), 44 with allogenic bone grafts (ALB group), and 47 using autogenous bone grafts (AUB group). The following were analyzed to evaluate clinical efficacy: visual analogue scale (VAS) values, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels, kyphotic Cobb''s angle, operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, improvement in American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade and in the mental component summary (MCS) and physical component summary (PCS) of Short Form‐36 (SF‐36), duration of bone graft fusion. The data of the three groups were compared by way of variance analysis, followed by the LSD⁃t test to compare each group. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the dates of pre‐, postoperative and final follow‐up.ResultsThe follow‐up duration was at least 3 years. All patients achieved a complete cure for spinal TB. Neurological performance and quality of life were remarkably improved at the final follow‐up. The intraoperative blood loss, operation time and VAS values 1 day postoperatively for TMC group and ALB group were significantly lower than those in AUB group (P < 0.05). The duration of bone graft fusion in ALB group (18.1 ± 3.7 months) was longer than that in TMC group and AUB group (9.5 ± 2.8 and 9.2 ± 1.9 months) (P < 0.05). No significant intergroup differences were observed in terms of age or preoperative, 3‐months postoperative, and final follow‐up indices of ESR and CRP among the three groups (P > 0.05). At the final follow‐up, the correction loss was mild (2.1 ± 0.9, 2.2 ± 1.0, 2.1 ± 0.8) and Cobb''s angles of the three groups were 20.1 ± 2.9, 20.5 ± 3.2, 20.9 ± 3.4, respectively, which were remarkably rectified in comparison with the preoperative measurements (P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn terms of postoperative recovery and successful fusion rate of bone graft, it seems that posterior instrumentation, debridement, and interbody fusion with titanium mesh cages are more effective and appropriate surgical methods for mid‐thoracic spinal tuberculosis.     

复合骨水泥椎体间固定的生物力学研究及临床应用

按一定比例将脱钙骨粒(DBP)掺入骨水泥,行成年犬椎体间固定。分别于术后2、4、8、12周时处死。固定段行X线照片、CT扫描及生物力学测试。观察不同时相点的生物力学效应。结果显示:术后2、4周时复合骨水泥的抗压强度低于单纯骨水泥(P〈0.05),8周时两者相近(P〉0.05),12周时高于单纯骨水泥与正常脊柱功能运动单位(FSU)(P〈0.05)。而术后2、4周时,复合骨水泥的抗扭转强度优于单纯骨水泥,2、4、8周时,低于正常FSU,12周时与正常相近。临床应用于胸腰椎骨折侧前方减压后行椎体间固定。术后3个月、6个月CT复查,证明骨已长入骨水泥内。